2024年中考英語總復(fù)習(xí)初中英語語法三大從句總結(jié)

2024年中考英語總復(fù)習(xí)初中英語語法三大從

句總結(jié)建議收藏

01

賓語從句

一、定義

在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句。

二、連接詞

that:Ithinkthatyoucanpasstheexam.

Whether/if:Idon'tknowwhatthewordmeans.

“Wh"：Idon'tknowwhatthewordmeans.

Idon*tknowwherehefoundthebook.

只用whether的情況：

1.與ornot連用：

Idon'tknowwhetherifsrainingornot.

2.與動詞不定式連用：

Hedoesn'tknowwhethertoaccepttheinvitation.

3.連接詞前有介詞時：

Itdependsonwhetherheiscoming.

三、時態(tài)

1.主句是一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，從句根據(jù)實際情況而定(各種時態(tài)

均可)

Shewantstoknowwhathehasdonefortheexam.

2.主句是一般過去時態(tài)，從句用相應(yīng)的過去的時態(tài)。

1)Shesaidthatshewasastudent.

2)ShesaidthatshewouldflytoJapaninaweek.

3)Shesaidthatshehadfinishedherhomeworkalready.

3.如果賓語從句說的是客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象或事實時，這時

賓語從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。

Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.

02

定語從句

一、定義

在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞、代詞的從句叫定厝從句。

二、先行詞

先行詞指人who/that

先行詞指物which/that

定語從句一般緊跟被修飾的名詞或代詞（即先行詞）后

三、關(guān)系代詞

關(guān)系代詞代替先行詞在句子中擔(dān)當(dāng)成分，所以從句中不可再

出現(xiàn)其他代替先行詞的代詞

四、翻譯方法".…的”

Whom:先行詞指人，則代替先行詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語

（包括介詞的賓語），與who的區(qū)別是如果前面帶介詞則必

須用whom

1.Thisistheteacherwhomwhowelikebest.

2.Idon'tliketheboytowhomyouaretalking.

Whose:指人或物，作定語，表示“…的”

eg:Harryistheboywhosemotherisourmathteacher.

關(guān)系代詞只能that的特殊情況：

1.先行詞前有序數(shù)詞修飾時：

Thisisthefirstgiftthatmyparentsboughtme.

2.先行詞前有形容詞最高級修飾時：

ThisisthemostexcitingfilmthatIhaveeverseen.

3.先行詞是不定代詞something,anything等時.

e.g.Isthereanythingthatyouwantinthisshop

4.先行詞是人和物時，用that.

e.g.Hetalkedaboutsomewritersandbooksthat

wereunknowntousall.

5.先行詞被all,little,theonly,thevery（就是，正是）,the

last等詞修飾時,只能用that

e.g.ThisisthelastplacethatIwanttovisit.

6.特殊疑問句以who或which開頭，只能用that引導(dǎo).

Whoisthegirlthatismakingaspeechontheplatform?

當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前使用介詞時.：

物+介詞+which:人+介詞+whom

當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前使用介詞時：

e.g.1.ThisisthetrainbywhichwewenttoBeijing.

2.Thisistheteachertowhommymotheristalking.

03

狀語從句

一、定義

在復(fù)合句中由從句表示的狀語稱作狀語從句，它可以用來修

飾謂語（包括非謂語動詞）、定語或狀語，或是整個句子。

二、狀語從句一般分為八大類

時間狀語從句地點狀語從句

原因狀語從句目的狀語從句

結(jié)果狀語從句條件狀語從句

方式狀語從句讓步狀語從句

1.時間狀語從句

When一■當(dāng)……時候，通常指某一特定的時間點，主句與從

句的動作同時發(fā)生。

WhenIopenedthewindow,Isawhimcomeup.

When—正在……的時候，突然…。通常主句是進(jìn)行時

或beaboutto時，在翻譯的時候，when可以譯成沒想

到或突然。

Iwaswalkingalongthestreet,whenImethim.

When當(dāng)從句是進(jìn)行時，主句是一般時，往往表示不滿。

SomeoneknockedatthedoorwhenIwashavingbreakfast.

When=after

Whenthechildrenhadgonetobed,shebegantoprepare

herlessons.

While…在……期間，往往指一段時間。

WhilewewereinAmerica,wesawhimtwice.

While…表示一種不滿情緒，意思是這邊在干某種重要的事，

而另一邊在享受等。

Wearecleaningtheclassroomwhiletheyareplayingthe

football.

As—一邊...一邊，隨著

Shewasdoingherhomeworkasshewaslisteningtothe

music.

As-當(dāng)……時，指一個動作緊接著一個動作發(fā)生，從句通

常用進(jìn)行時。

AsIwasgoingout,itbegantorain.

Themoment——......就....=assoonas,immediately,

--DidyouremembertogiveMarythemoneyyouowed

her?

--Yes,IgaveherthemomentIsawher.

Not...until—直到...才

Hedidn'tleavetheofficeuntilhefinishedthework.

Before---在...之前

Thepassengersshouldarriveattheairportanhourbefore

theflightdeparts.

After—在...之后

Thecustomerlefttheticketcounterafterhehadaquarrel

withtheticketagent.

Since■--自從……，通常主句用現(xiàn)在完成時

IhaveneverbeenthereagainsinceIgraduatedfromthe

university.

Itisjustaweeksincewearrivedhere.

Assoonas——......就....

Jackwenttoschoolassoonashegotwell.

Nosoonerthan——......就....

nosooner...than...用于句首要求倒裝

Hardly...when...

Scarcely...when...

Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanhewentawayagain.

Once——但...就....

Onceyouseehim,youwillneverforgethim.

Everytime,eachtime每次whenever每當(dāng)

Eachtimehecametotown,hewouldvisitourschool.

2.條件狀語從句

引導(dǎo)狀語從句的連接詞有：

If如果，unless除非，aslongas只要，As(so)faras—

據(jù)...所知，incase萬providedthat假如，oncondition

that若是，以…為條件

If一?如果

Ifyoudon'thurryup,youwillmisstheplane.

Unless--如果不，除mE=ifnot

Wecan'tgetthereontimeunlesswebooktheearliestflight

Aslongas—只要

Wewillsucceedaslongaswekeepontrying.

As(so)faras—據(jù)...所知

AsfarasIknow,hespeaksEnglishverywell.

Incase…假使，如果

Theplanecannottakeoffincaseitrains.

Providedthat如果，有時省略that

Theplanewillbeingoodconditionprovidedthatitistaken

careofcarefully.

Onconditionthat—條件是…

Hesaidthathev/ouldcometothemeetingonconditionthat

nooneaskedhimtospeak.

注:主從句的動作發(fā)生在將來時，則主句用將來時，從句用一

般現(xiàn)在時。

Ifhearrivestomorrow,Iwillbev/aitingforhimatthe

airport.

3.地點狀語從句

地點狀語從句只有兩個連詞：Where,wherever

Where--在...地方

Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.

Wherever—無論哪里

Whereveryouare,Iwillberighttherewaitingforyou.

4.原因狀語從句

because,as,since,nowthat,和consideringthat,seeing

that這六個連詞都用于表示表示原因，但在語氣上一個比一

個弱.

Because—因為，通常從句放在主句后.

MrSmithwasveryupsetbecausehecouldn'tfindhis

luggage.

As—因為，通常放在句首

Asheishonestandmodest,allhisfriendslikehim.

Since…既然因語氣較弱，常譯為既然（眾所周知的原因）

Sinceeverybodyhascome,wecansetoff.

Nowthat—既然

Nowthatyouarehere,youcanjoinus.

consideringthat--顧及到

Consideringthattheyarejustbeginners,theyaredoing

quiteagoodjob.

seeingthat—由于

Seeing(that)quiteafewpeoplewereabsent,wedecided

toputthemeetingoff.

5.結(jié)果狀語從句

引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的連詞有：that,sothat,so...that...

such...thatSo...that—太...以至于so后面應(yīng)用形容

詞或副詞，有時省略so只用that

Boeing747issolargethatpeopleliketocallitjetbomb噴

氣炸彈.

Sothat—因而，以便，為了有時so可以省去

Speaklouderpleasesothatthepeopleatthebackcan

hearyou.

Such…that……太...以至于用法與so…that相同,但

such后面應(yīng)用名詞。

Theforeignvisitorwassuchafastspeakerthatnobody

couldunderstandhim.

6.目的狀語從句

引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的主要連詞有:that,sothat,inorderthat,

forfearthat,lest

(So)that-以便，從句中常常使用一些情態(tài)動詞，如：can,

could,may,might,should等

Lefstakethefrontseats(so)thatwemayseemoreclearly.

inorderthat—為了，與sothat相同從句中常常使用一些

情態(tài)動詞，如：can,could,may,might,should等

Schoolwasclosedearlyinorderthatthechildrenmightgo

homeaheadofthestorm.

forfearthat—生怕；為了防止(某事發(fā)生)

Hetookthenamedownforfearthatheshouldforgetit.

incase—萬一

Youshouldbringadictionaryincaseyouneedit.

Lest—以防萬一

Themandecidedtotellhisbossthefactlesthewouldbe

angrywithhim.

7.讓步狀語從句

引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的連詞有：Although,though,as,evenif,

eventhough,nomatter,however,whatever,while,

whether.

Although,though…雖然although和though可以互換,

但although常放在句首。Though可以用于倒裝。

Althoughitwasraining,theplanemanagedtotakeoff.

Thoughhedidhisbest,hedidn'tsucceed.

As-盡管as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時，句子通常倒裝?？膳c

though互換。

B