河南省許平汝名校聯(lián)考2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期12月月考英語(yǔ)試題 含解析

高三英語(yǔ)考生注意：1.本試卷分選擇題和非選擇題兩部分。滿分150分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘。2.答題前，考生務(wù)必用直徑0.5毫米黑色墨水簽字筆將密封線內(nèi)項(xiàng)目填寫清楚。3.考生作答時(shí)，請(qǐng)將答案答在答題卡上。選擇題每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑；非選擇題請(qǐng)用直徑0.5毫米黑色墨水簽字筆在答題卡上各題的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)作答，超出答題區(qū)域書寫的答案無(wú)效，在試題卷、草稿紙上作答無(wú)效。4.本卷命題范圍：高考范圍。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whichdoordoesthewomanwanttohavewidened?A.Theonetotheoutside.B.Theoneintothediningroom.C.Theoneintothefamilyroom.2.What’stherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Sisterandbrother.B.Husbandandwife.C.Motherandson.3.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Onahill.B.Onaroad.C.Onaplane.4.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Ahouse.B.Asound.C.Acomputer.5.Whatdoesthewomanlikeaboutthedress?A.Itscolor.B.Itsquality.C.Itssize.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.ForwhatdidthemanbuyCoca-Cola?A.Cleaningthebathroom.B.Wateringplants.C.Drinking.7.Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheman’sideaaboutcleaningthedishes?A.Excellent.B.Satisfying.C.Unbelievable.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.HowwillthewomangotoLaura’sbirthdayparty?A.Bytaxi.B.Bybus.C.Bycar.9.Whatdidthewomandoyesterday?A.Sheappliedforajob.B.ShegaveLauraapresent.C.Shehadherhaircut.10.Whywillthespeakersgotothebirthdaypartyfirst?A.Toseesomeprograms.B.Towaitfortheirfriends.C.TohelpLaurawiththeparty.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whichbrandofphonedidthemanjustbuy?A.Huawei.B.Apple.C.Lenovo.12.WhatdoesthewomansayaboutAppleproducts?A.Theyarethesmartest.B.Theyareeasytouse.C.Theyaredesignedsimply.13.Whatisprobablytheman?A.Anengineer.B.Astudent.C.Ascientist.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Whatdidthespeakersplantodotonight?A.Watchamovie.B.VisittheSwifts.C.Meetwiththeboss.15.Whenshouldthewomanreachtheairport?A.By8:00pm.B.By7:00pm.C.By6:00pm.16.Howdoesthewomansoundattheman’srequestatffirst?A.Annoyed.B.Excited.C.Pleased.17.Whatdayisittodayprobably?A.Tuesday.B.Monday.C.Friday.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Whichcitywillprobablygettheheaviestrainduringthenextcycleofrain?A.Guangzhou.B.Shanghai.C.HongKong.19.Howlongwilltheweatherpatternprobablylast?A.Aroundaweek.B.Overonemonth.C.Aboutthreemonths.20.Whatisthespeakerdoing?A.Broadcastingaforecast.B.Touringacity.C.Chairingameeting.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AVolunteeringontheStanfordEducationalFarmSponsoredbyO’DonohueFamilyStanfordEducationalFarmRegularvolunteerhours:Wednesdays:9:00am-12:00pmSaturdays:9:30am-11:30amO’DonohueEducationalFarm:175ElectioneerRd,Stanford,CA94305Visittheeventwebsite:https:///volunteeringVolunteershelpkeepthefarmrunning.Volunteertasksvaryfromweektoweek.Farmtasksmayincludekeepingourfieldsfreeofweedsandrocks,plantingnewcropsinturn,deadheadingflowers,teaminguponirrigation(灌溉),composting(堆肥)andhavingagreattimegettingdirty.Weaskvolunteerscomepreparedwithclose-toedshoesandlooseclothesandthattheydon’tmindgettingdirty!Wehaveglovesandtoolsforall.Wewelcomevolunteers10yearsoldandolder.Thosebetween10and14yearsoldarerequiredtohaveaparentactivelyvolunteeringbesidethem.Wereservetherighttocancelvolunteersessionsuptotwohoursinadvance.Excessive(過(guò)度的)heat(90degreesandabove),poorairquality,rain(over50%chance)orotherbadweatherwillcauseautomaticcancelation.Weencourageallvolunteerstocarpool,bikeorridepublictransportation;thereisachargeforparkingonallStanfordproperty.Thefarmisnotresponsibleforanyticketscausedwhilevolunteering.Ifyouareanindividualoragroupof5orless,pleasejoinusduringourregularvolunteerhours,butyouhavetoregisteraheadoftime.Wecan’twaitforyoutojoinus!1.Whatarethevolunteersexpectedtodo?A.Helponthefarmforatleasttwodays. B.Takeondifferentjobsindifferentweeks.C.Bringtheirowntoolsandgloves. D.Weardirtyshoesandtightclothes.2.Whatisprobablytheloweragelimitforvolunteersonthefarm?A.5. B.10. C.12. D.14.3.Whatisthesuggestionforthevolunteers?A.Avoidingdrivingalonetothefarm. B.Participatingintheformofagroup.C.Workingeveninbadweather. D.Visitingthewebsite5daysearlier.【答案】1.B2.B3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了一個(gè)在斯坦福教育農(nóng)場(chǎng)的志愿活動(dòng)的相關(guān)信息?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Volunteertasksvaryfromweektoweek.Farmtasksmayincludekeepingourfieldsfreeofweedsandrocks,plantingnewcropsinturn,deadheadingflowers,teaminguponirrigation,compostingandhavingagreattimegettingdirty.(志愿者的任務(wù)每周都不一樣。農(nóng)場(chǎng)的任務(wù)可能包括保持田地里沒(méi)有雜草和巖石，輪流種植新作物，枯萎的花朵，合作灌溉，堆肥和享受骯臟的時(shí)光。)”可知，志愿者每周做的事情不同。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Wewelcomevolunteers10yearsoldandolder.Thosebetween10and14yearsoldarerequiredtohaveaparentactivelyvolunteeringbesidethem.(我們歡迎10歲及以上的志愿者。10歲至14歲的孩子必須有一位家長(zhǎng)積極陪伴)”可知，志愿者的最低年齡可能是10歲。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Weencourageallvolunteerstocarpool,bikeorridepublictransportation;thereisachargeforparkingonallStanfordproperty.(我們鼓勵(lì)所有志愿者拼車、騎自行車或乘坐公共交通工具；在斯坦福大學(xué)的所有財(cái)產(chǎn)上停車都要收費(fèi)。”可知，志愿者要避免獨(dú)自開車。故選A項(xiàng)。BLe’AnnSolmonson,aprofessionalcounselor(顧問(wèn))inNacogdoches,Texas,hasseenfamiliesfallintoapatternaschildrenreachadolescence(青春期):Theyouthwantmoreautonomyandbegintopushagainsttheirparents’rules.Inresponse,theparentstightentheircontrolorgivepunishment,onlytohavetheadolescentpushbackharderandbreakmorerules.Thusconflictshappen.“Adolescents’goalistofigureout‘WhoamI?WheredoIfitin?’andbeginthatseparationfromtheirparents.Someofthatdevelopmentleadstotryingoutnewthings,”saysSolmonson.“Thesearenaturalthingsthatcanfueldisagreements.”Incounseling,Solmonsonoftenasksateenandhisorherparentstonameasmallconflicttheystrugglewith.Sheinvitestheteentoexplainhisorherviewsaboutthedisagreement.Then,sheencouragestheparentstogivetheirviewsandrepeatwhattheirchildsaid.Usually,theparentsimmediatelyjumptowhytheteen’stakeiswrong.Ifthishappens,Solmonsonwillremindthemthatshewantstohearwhattheythinkoftheirchild’sviewis,notwhetherit’srightorwrong.Shealsogivestheadolescentthesameassignment:Paraphrase(轉(zhuǎn)述)yourparents’positionwithoutgivinganopiniononwhatwassaid.Theaim,sheexplains,istodevelopunderstandingtowardtheotherparty’sviewpoint.Parentsoftenneedtoworkonhowtheyrespondttotheirteenwhenwhattheyseeasamistakeoccurs.Cooperatingwiththeteentofindoutwhatledtothesituationandwhattheyneedtosolveitwillpreventthemfurtheringtheconflict,Solmonsonstresses.Insteadofrespondinginanger,shecoachesparentstousesupportivestatementslike“Thatmusthavebeensostressful.Howcanwepreventthathappeningagain?”Moreover,Solmonsonoftenstressesthatifparentswantrespectduringdisagreementswiththeirchild,they’llneedtoshowitthemselves.Ifateenanswersdisrespectfully,Solmonsoncoachesparentstorespondbysaying,“I’mgoingtogiveyouado-over.Doyouneedaminutetothinkabouthowtosaythat?”ratherthanblowingupinanger.4.Whatdochildrenexpecttodowhenturningadolescents?A.Becomemoreindependent. B.Controltheiranger.C.Preventparent-childconflicts. D.Setnewboundaries.5.Whatisparents’commonresponsetoSolmonson’squestionincounseling?A.Summarizingtheirexperience. B.Pointingoutthechild’srisk-takingbehaviors.C.Explainingthewrongnessofthechild’sviews. D.Offeringtheiropinionsaboutdisagreements.6.WhatisSolmonson’sadviceforparentswhentheirteenmakesamistake?A.Dealwithitontheirown. B.Giveimmediatepunishment.C.Ignoreitwithoutdiscussion. D.Worktogetherforitscause.7.Whatcanweknowfromthelastparagraph?A.Itisnecessaryforparentstoblowupangrily. B.Teensoftendisrespecttheirparents.C.Parentsshouldmodelrespectfortheirteens. D.Disagreementsarehardtosolve.【答案】4.A5.C6.D7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。當(dāng)小孩進(jìn)人青春期時(shí)，容易與父母產(chǎn)生沖突。一位專業(yè)咨詢師對(duì)此提出了一些建議?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Theyouthwantmoreautonomyandbegintopushagainsttheirparents’rules.(年輕人想要更多的自主權(quán)，開始反抗父母的規(guī)定。)”和第二段““Adolescents’goalistofigureout‘WhoamI?WheredoIfitin?’andbeginthatseparationfromtheirparents.Someofthatdevelopmentleadstotryingoutnewthings,”saysSolmonson.(“青少年的目標(biāo)是弄清楚‘我是誰(shuí)？我的位置在哪里？并開始與父母分離。其中一些發(fā)展導(dǎo)致嘗試新事物，”索爾蒙森說(shuō)。)”可知，當(dāng)孩子們進(jìn)入青春期時(shí)，他們想要更多自由,期望變得更加獨(dú)立。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Usually,theparentsimmediatelyjumptowhytheteen’stakeiswrong.(通常，父母會(huì)立即跳到為什么孩子的想法是錯(cuò)誤的。)”可知，在咨詢中，當(dāng)Solmonson讓父母表達(dá)他們對(duì)父母和孩子之間的分歧的想法時(shí)，父母常見的反應(yīng)是解釋孩子觀點(diǎn)的錯(cuò)誤。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Cooperatingwiththeteentofindoutwhatledtothesituationandwhattheyneedtosolveitwillpreventthemfurtheringtheconflict,Solmonsonstresses.(Solmonson強(qiáng)調(diào)，與青少年合作，找出導(dǎo)致這種情況的原因，以及他們需要什么來(lái)解決問(wèn)題，這將防止他們進(jìn)一步激化沖突。)”可推斷，當(dāng)孩子犯錯(cuò)誤時(shí)，Solmonson建議父母與孩子一起找出問(wèn)題的原因。故選D。【7題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Moreover,Solmonsonoftenstressesthatifparentswantrespectduringdisagreementswiththeirchild,they’llneedtoshowitthemselves.(此外，Solmonson經(jīng)常強(qiáng)調(diào)，如果父母希望在與孩子發(fā)生分歧時(shí)得到尊重，他們需要自己把尊重展現(xiàn)出來(lái)。)”可推斷，在父母和孩子們之間產(chǎn)生分歧時(shí)，父母應(yīng)該給孩子示范如何尊重人，從而成為樹立尊重青少年的榜樣。故選C。CThinkofatypicalcollegephysicscourse:notetaking,homeworkstrugglesandstudyingfordifficultexams.Nowimagineaccesstoatutor(導(dǎo)師)whoanswersquestionsatanyhour,nevertiresandneverjudges.Mightyoulearnmore?TheAI-supportedtutorissurprisinglymoreeffective.That’stheunexpectedconclusionfromaHarvardstudyexamininglearningoutcomesforstudentsinalargephysicscourse.ThestudywasledbylecturerGregoryKestinandKellyMiller,whoanalyzedlearningoutcomesof194studentsregisteredinfall2023inKestin’sPhysicalSciences2course.Beforethestudy,theteamcreatedinstructionsfortheAItutortofollowforeachlessonsoit’dbehavelikeanexperiencedinstructor.Thestudentsweredividedintotwogroups,eachofwhomexperiencedtwolessonsincontinualweeks.Duringthefirstweek,Group1participatedinaninstructor-guidedactivelearningclassroomlesson,whileGroup2engagedwithanAI-supportedlessonathomethatfollowedaresearch-informeddesign;conditionswerechangedoppositelythefollowingweek.“WewentintothestudycuriousaboutwhetherourAItutorcouldbeaseffectiveasin-personinstructors,”Kestinsaid.“Icertainlydidn’texpectstudentstofindtheAI-poweredlessonmoreengaging.Butthat’sexactlywhathappened:NotonlydidtheAItutorseemtohelpstudentslearnmorematerials,thestudentsalsoself-reportedmoreengagementwhenworkingwithAI.”TheresearchersfoundthatlearninggainsforstudentsintheAI-tutoredgroupwereaboutdoublethoseforstudentsinthein-classgroup.Theresearchersbelievestudents’abilitytogetpersonalizedfeedback(反饋)andselfpacewiththeAItutorareadvantages.“Invariousin-classsettings,studentswithastrongbackgroundinthematerialmaybelessengaged,andthey’resometimesbored,”Millersaid.“Studentswithoutthebackgroundsometimesstruggletokeepup.SothefactthatthisAItutorcanbesupportiveofthatdifferenceisprobablythebiggestthing.”“However,AIcouldalsohurtlearningifwe’renotcareful,”Kestinsaid.“AItutorsshouldn’t‘think’forstudents,butratherhelpthembuildcriticalthinkingskills.AItutorsshouldn’treplacein-personinstruction,buthelpallstudentsbetterprepareforit.”8.Whatweretheparticipantsrequiredtodointhestudy?A.Makeachoicebetweentwocourses. B.InstructtheAItutorinlearningskills.C.Reporttheirpartners’feelings. D.Studywithdifferenttutorsinturn.9.WhatdidKestinmostprobablythinkoftheirfindings?A.Valueless. B.Doubtful. C.Confusing. D.Surprising.10.Whatmightprobablyleadtostudents’lessengagementinclassaccordingtothetext?A.Inexperiencedin-classinstructors. B.Knowingthematerialswellinadvance.C.FeelingboredwithAI’squestions. D.Theirstruggleswiththeteacher.11.WhatcanwelearnfromwhatKestinsaid?A.ThereexiststhepotentialmisuseofAI. B.ResearchersaremorepositiveaboutAI.C.AItutorsshoulddevelopcriticalthinking. D.In-personinstructionbenefitsstudentsmore.【答案】8.D9.D10.B11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要通過(guò)介紹哈佛大學(xué)的一項(xiàng)研究，探討了人工智能導(dǎo)師在物理課程教學(xué)中的效果和優(yōu)勢(shì)，同時(shí)也指出了潛在的注意事項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Thestudentsweredividedintotwogroups,eachofwhomexperiencedtwolessonsincontinualweeks.Duringthefirstweek,Group1participatedinaninstructor-guidedactivelearningclassroomlesson,whileGroup2engagedwithanAI-supportedlessonathomethatfollowedaresearch-informeddesign;conditionswerechangedoppositelythefollowingweek.(學(xué)生們被分為兩組，每組連續(xù)兩周上兩堂課。在第一周，第一組參與了由講師指導(dǎo)的主動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)課堂，而第二組則在家中參與了遵循研究設(shè)計(jì)的人工智能支持的課程；第二周的情況則相反。)”可知，學(xué)生們被要求輪流體驗(yàn)兩種不同的教學(xué)方式，即輪流與不同的導(dǎo)師（人類講師和AI導(dǎo)師）學(xué)習(xí)。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“That’stheunexpectedconclusionfromaHarvardstudyexamininglearningoutcomesforstudentsinalargephysicscourse.(這是哈佛大學(xué)一項(xiàng)研究得出的意外結(jié)論，該研究考察了一門大型物理課程中學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)成果。)”以及第四段““Icertainlydidn’texpectstudentstofindtheAI-poweredlessonmoreengaging.Butthat’sexactlywhathappened:NotonlydidtheAItutorseemtohelpstudentslearnmorematerials,thestudentsalsoself-reportedmoreengagementwhenworkingwithAI.”(“我當(dāng)然沒(méi)想到學(xué)生會(huì)覺(jué)得人工智能授課更吸引人。但事實(shí)正是如此：AI導(dǎo)師不僅似乎幫助學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)了更多材料，學(xué)生在與AI互動(dòng)時(shí)也自我報(bào)告了更高的參與度?！?”可知，Kestin對(duì)他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)表示了驚訝，認(rèn)為AI導(dǎo)師的效果超出了他的預(yù)期。故選D?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段““Invariousin-classsettings,studentswithastrongbackgroundinthematerialmaybelessengaged,andthey’resometimesbored,”Millersaid.“Studentswithoutthebackgroundsometimesstruggletokeepup.SothefactthatthisAItutorcanbesupportiveofthatdifferenceisprobablythebiggestthing.”(“在各種課堂環(huán)境中，對(duì)材料有扎實(shí)背景的學(xué)生可能參與度較低，有時(shí)甚至感到無(wú)聊，”Miller說(shuō)?！岸鴽](méi)有背景的學(xué)生有時(shí)則難以跟上。因此，這個(gè)AI導(dǎo)師能夠支持這種差異，可能是它最大的特點(diǎn)?！?”可知，提前了解材料的學(xué)生對(duì)課堂的參與度較低。故選B?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段““However,AIcouldalsohurtlearningifwe’renotcareful,”Kestinsaid.“AItutorsshouldn’t‘think’forstudents,butratherhelpthembuildcriticalthinkingskills.AItutorsshouldn’treplacein-personinstruction,buthelpallstudentsbetterprepareforit.”(“然而，如果我們不小心，AI也可能會(huì)損害學(xué)習(xí)，”Kestin說(shuō)。“AI導(dǎo)師不應(yīng)該‘代替’學(xué)生思考，而應(yīng)該幫助他們培養(yǎng)批判性思維能力。AI導(dǎo)師不應(yīng)該取代面對(duì)面授課，而應(yīng)該幫助所有學(xué)生為面對(duì)面授課做好更充分的準(zhǔn)備?！?”可知，Kestin指出了AI在教育領(lǐng)域應(yīng)用時(shí)可能存在的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，即如果不謹(jǐn)慎使用，AI可能會(huì)對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響。這暗示了存在濫用AI的潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。故選A。DChildrenaretaughtthatthepolitethingtodoisalwayssay“please”.Today’sbabiesareeventaughtitusingsignlanguage.Buthowoftendoyoureallysay“please”ineverydayconversations?AnewresearchpublishedinSocialPsychologyQuarterlyfoundpeopleusedtheword“please”whenmakingarequestonly7%ofthetime.“Wedefinitelyweresurprisedbytheresults,”saysTanyaStivers,aprofessorofsociologyatUniversityofCaliforniaatLosAngelesandoneoftheauthorsofthestudy.“Havingsuchalownumberfeelscounterintuitive.”Usingconversationanalysis,thestudyinvestigatedwhenandwherepeopleuse“please”ineverydayrequests.Notonlydopeopleuse“please”lessthan10%ofthetimewhenmakingrequests,buttheyalsotendtouseitmostwhentheyexpecta“no”responseisforthcoming.Mostinterestingly,requestsphrasedwith“please”arenomorelikelytoworkthanotherpoliterequests.Why?Becausetheword“please”isbeingusedasawaytoconvincetheotherpersonintoagreeingwitharequesttheymightotherwisebeunwillingtodo.Thissmalltalkcanleavethepersonbeingaskedfeelinguncomfortable.“Wefoundthatusing‘please’oftenindicatesthatyou’rerequestingsomethingyoushouldn’tbe,”Stiverssays.Accordingtothestudy,peoplearemostlikelytouse“please”whenaskingsomeonetostopdoingwhatthey’redoinganddowhattheaskerwantsinstead,orwhenmakingarequesttheythinktheotherpersonisn’tgoingtolike.“Whatpeoplearereallytryingtosaybysaying‘please’oftenisthatthey’repolitepeople,”Stiverssays.“Sometimes,itdoesn’tmeanyou’renotbeingpolitejustbecauseyou’renotsaying‘please’.There’remanyotherphrasesweusewhenmakingrequeststoshowpoliteness.”Theseincludethingslike,“Wouldyoumind...?”,“WoulditbeOK...?”and“Howabout...?”Itissofunnythatwesocializechildrentodothisthingweadultsdon’tdo,butteachingkidstosay“please”isn’tbad.Justensureyou’realsoincludingotherpolitephrases.“Ifsomeoneistryingtobemorepolite,I’drecommendaddingotherpolitephrasesfirst,beforeaddinginmore‘please’,”saysStivers.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“counterintuitive”inparagraph2mean?A.Thesameasthefact. B.Contrarytocommonsense.C.Reasonabletoaccept. D.Difficulttodisagreewith.13.Whydoes“please”probablyfailtoworkaseffectivelyasexpected?A.Itmakesonefeelforced. B.Itissaidinarudemanner.C.Itleavestheaskerstressed. D.Itgivesoneasenseofmistrust.14.WhatisprobablyTanyaStivers’sopinionaboutbeingpolite?A.Itaskspeopletomakerequests. B.Itmeanssaying“please”more.C.Itoughttobedonesmartly. D.Itisaresultofsocietalchange.15.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?APolitePhrasesNowHaveGotNewMeanings.B.PolitePhrasesAreUsedMoreOfteninDailyLife.C.ManyOtherPolitePhrasesAreReplacing“Please”.D.“Please”MaySoonBecomeaThingofthePast.【答案】12.B13.A14.C15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述了一項(xiàng)關(guān)于“please”在日常請(qǐng)求中使用情況的研究，介紹了研究結(jié)果、原因以及專家對(duì)此的看法和建議?！?2題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。結(jié)合第一段中關(guān)于人們使用“please”一詞的頻率的研究數(shù)據(jù)和第二段中“Wedefinitelyweresurprisedbytheresults(我們對(duì)結(jié)果感到驚訝)”以及“Havingsuchalownumberfeelscounterintuitive.(有這么低的數(shù)字感覺(jué)是_____。)”可知，人們對(duì)“please”在日常請(qǐng)求中的使用頻率之低感到驚訝，這與人們的普遍預(yù)期或直覺(jué)是相反的。故劃線詞counterintuitive意為“與直覺(jué)相反的，違反常理的”，與B項(xiàng)Contrarytocommonsense(與常識(shí)相反)意思相近。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Mostinterestingly,requestsphrasedwith“please”arenomorelikelytoworkthanotherpoliterequests.Why?Becausetheword‘please’isbeingusedasawaytoconvincetheotherpersonintoagreeingwitharequesttheymightotherwisebeunwillingtodo.Thissmalltalkcanleavethepersonbeingaskedfeelinguncomfortable.(最有趣的是，用“please”表達(dá)的請(qǐng)求并不比其他禮貌的請(qǐng)求更有效。為什么？因?yàn)椤皃lease”這個(gè)詞被用來(lái)說(shuō)服對(duì)方同意他們可能不愿意做的請(qǐng)求。這種閑聊會(huì)讓被問(wèn)者感到不舒服)”可知，“please”可能無(wú)法像預(yù)期那樣有效地起作用，因?yàn)樗寣?duì)方感覺(jué)被強(qiáng)迫。故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中“Sometimes,itdoesn’tmeanyou’renotbeingpolitejustbecauseyou’renotsaying‘please’.There’remanyotherphrasesweusewhenmakingrequeststoshowpoliteness.(有時(shí)候，僅僅因?yàn)槟悴徽f(shuō)“please”，并不意味著你不禮貌。我們?cè)谔岢稣?qǐng)求時(shí)還會(huì)使用很多其他短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示禮貌)”以及“‘Ifsomeoneistryingtobemorepolite,I’drecommendaddingotherpolitephrasesfirst,beforeaddinginmore‘please’,”saysStivers.(如果有人想更有禮貌，我建議先添加其他禮貌的短語(yǔ)，然后再添加更多的‘please’)”可知，TanyaStivers認(rèn)為禮貌不僅僅是說(shuō)“please”，還可以通過(guò)其他禮貌的短語(yǔ)來(lái)表達(dá)，即禮貌應(yīng)該巧妙地表達(dá)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，特別是根據(jù)第一段中“AnewresearchpublishedinSocialPsychologyQuarterlyfoundpeopleusedtheword‘please’whenmakingarequestonly7%ofthetime.(《社會(huì)心理學(xué)季刊》上發(fā)表的一項(xiàng)新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們?cè)谔岢稣?qǐng)求時(shí)只有7%的時(shí)間會(huì)使用“please”這個(gè)詞)”以及全文對(duì)“please”在日常請(qǐng)求中使用情況的研究介紹可知，文章主要講的是“please”在日常交流中的使用頻率越來(lái)越低，可能會(huì)被其他禮貌短語(yǔ)所取代，故“‘Please’MaySoonBecomeaThingofthePast(‘please’可能很快就會(huì)成為過(guò)去式)”是最佳標(biāo)題。故選D項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Atfirstglance(掃視),anameseemsabasicpartofone’sidentity;yetitspowerinshapingidentityisundeniable.“____16____Soitservesastheverybasisofone’sself-conception,especiallyinrelationtoothers,”saidProfessorDavidZhufromArizonaStateUniversity.Itcarriesmoreweightthanimagined,fromhowwerelatetotheworldaroundustoourpersonaldevelopment.____17____Inoneexample,thenamesElizabethandMistywerestudied.ThosecalledElizabethcameacrossaswarmandcompetent,whileMistyswereseenaslowonbothofthesetraits(特性).Suchviewpointsmayleadtoreal-worldconsequences,potentiallyaffectingeverythingfromjobapplicationstodating.Interestingly,namesmayalsoshapeourpersonalities.____18____Zhu’sresearchfoundthatCEOswithuniquenamesoftenpursuedmoredistinctivebusinessstrategies.“CEOswithauniquenametendtodevelopaself-conceptionofbeingdifferentfrompeers(同輩),motivatingthemtopursueuntraditionalstrategies,”Zhuexplained.Namesmayalsoleadtolifechoices.Peoplewithuniquenameswereviewedasbettersuitedtocreativejobs,accordingtoPsychologyToday.TheydiscoveredChinesefilmdirectorswithdistinctivenamesreceivedhigherratingsfortheirwork.Thissuggeststhatacceptingtheuniquenessofnamescouldpotentiallyunlockcreativepotential.____19____Peoplewithmorecommonnamesmayexperiencegreatersocialacceptanceandlikabilityintheshortterm.Asbothuniquenamesandcommonnameshavetheiradvantages,perhapsfindingthemiddleroadisasolutionwhennamingachild.____20____Butmeanwhile,alsocallthechildbyaspecialanduniquenickname.Anyway,yournameisyourstory—makeitagreatone!A.Namesmayinfluencehowothersviewus.B.Actually,commonnamesalsohavetheiradvantages.C.Choosingthebestnameisofimportance,accordingtoZhu.D.Peoplewithuniquenamesmightdevelopastrongersenseofindividuality.E.Anameisusedtoidentifyanindividualandcommunicatewiththeindividual.F.Zhurecommendsgivingachildamorecommonnametogetsocialacceptance.G.Whetheryournameiscommonorrare,itisanimportantpartofyouridentity.【答案】16.E17.A18.D19.B20.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了名字對(duì)人的身份的影響，并分享了取名的建議。【16題詳解】前文“Atfirstglance(掃視),anameseemsabasicpartofone’sidentity;yetitspowerinshapingidentityisundeniable.(乍一看，名字似乎是一個(gè)人身份的基本組成部分；然而，它塑造身份的力量是不可否認(rèn)的)”指出名字具有強(qiáng)大的塑造身份的力量，后文““Soitservesastheverybasisofone’sself-conception,especiallyinrelationtoothers,”saidProfessorDavidZhufromArizonaStateUniversity.(亞利桑那州立大學(xué)的DavidZhu教授說(shuō)：“因此，它是一個(gè)人自我概念的基礎(chǔ)，尤其是在與他人的關(guān)系中。”)”用DavidZhu教授所說(shuō)的話表明名字的作用在于奠定自我概念，強(qiáng)調(diào)了這在人際關(guān)系中的重要性，空處也是Zhu的觀點(diǎn)，應(yīng)該與名字在個(gè)人身份和與人交流的作用相關(guān)，因此E項(xiàng)“Anameisusedtoidentifyanindividualandcommunicatewiththeindividual.(名字用于識(shí)別個(gè)人并與個(gè)人進(jìn)行交流)”符合語(yǔ)境，承前啟后。故選E?！?7題詳解】后文“Inoneexample,thenamesElizabethandMistywerestudied.ThosecalledElizabethcameacrossaswarmandcompetent,whileMistyswereseenaslowonbothofthesetraits(特性).Suchviewpointsmayleadtoreal-worldconsequences,potentiallyaffectingeverythingfromjobapplicationstodating.(在一個(gè)例子中，Elizabeth和Misty兩個(gè)名字被研究了。那些叫Elizabeth的人給人的印象是熱情和能干，而Misty們則被認(rèn)為在這兩方面都很差勁。這樣的觀點(diǎn)可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致現(xiàn)實(shí)世界的后果，潛在地影響到從求職到約會(huì)的方方面面)”給出一項(xiàng)研究，表明不同的名字給人不同的印象，從而影響生活的方方面面，空處位于段首，是段落主旨句，應(yīng)該會(huì)總的指出名字會(huì)影響他人對(duì)自己的看法，因此A項(xiàng)“Namesmayinfluencehowothersviewus.(名字可能會(huì)影響別人對(duì)我們的看法)”符合語(yǔ)境，契合后文內(nèi)容。故選A?！?8題詳解】前文“Interestingly,namesmayalsoshapeourpersonalities.(有趣的是，名字也可能塑造我們的個(gè)性)”總的指出名字會(huì)影響人的個(gè)性，后文“Zhu’sresearchfoundthatCEOswithuniquenamesoftenpursuedmoredistinctivebusinessstrategies.(Zhu的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，擁有獨(dú)特名字的首席執(zhí)行官往往追求更獨(dú)特的商業(yè)戰(zhàn)略)”用Zhu的研究說(shuō)明名字獨(dú)特的人往往行事也很獨(dú)特，空處應(yīng)起到過(guò)渡的作用，指出名字獨(dú)特和個(gè)性鮮明之間的關(guān)系，因此D項(xiàng)“Peoplewithuniquenamesmightdevelopastrongersenseofindividuality.(名字獨(dú)特的人可能會(huì)有更強(qiáng)烈的個(gè)性)”符合語(yǔ)境，承前啟后。故選D?！?9題詳解】前文“Thissuggeststhatacceptingtheuniquenessofnamescouldpotentiallyunlockcreativepotential.(這表明，接受名字的獨(dú)特性可能會(huì)潛在地釋放創(chuàng)造力)”具體介紹名字獨(dú)特的好處，后文“Peoplewithmorecommonnamesmayexperiencegreatersocialacceptanceandlikabilityintheshortterm.(名字更普通的人可能會(huì)在短期內(nèi)獲得更大的社會(huì)認(rèn)可和好感)”具體介紹名字普通的好處，空處應(yīng)該將話題轉(zhuǎn)移到名字普通上，指出其也有優(yōu)點(diǎn)，因此B項(xiàng)“Actually,commonnamesalsohavetheiradvantages.(實(shí)際上，通用名字也有其優(yōu)點(diǎn))”符合語(yǔ)境，承前啟后。故選B?！?0題詳解】前文“Asbothuniquenamesandcommonnameshavetheiradvantages,perhapsfindingthemiddleroadisasolutionwhennamingachild.(獨(dú)特的名字和普通的名字都有各自的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，也許在給孩子取名時(shí)找到一條中間道路是一個(gè)解決方案)”建議取名時(shí)要采用折中的策略，后文“Butmeanwhile,alsocallthechildbyaspecialanduniquenickname.(但同時(shí)，也要給孩子起一個(gè)特殊而獨(dú)特的昵稱)”包含轉(zhuǎn)折，建議孩子有一個(gè)獨(dú)特的昵稱，空處應(yīng)該是建議名字取得普通些，因此F項(xiàng)“Zhurecommendsgivingachildamorecommonnametogetsocialacceptance.(Zhu建議給孩子取一個(gè)更普通的名字，以獲得社會(huì)認(rèn)可)”符合語(yǔ)境，承接前文，和后文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折。故選F。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。I’ddrivenatleastthreelapsaroundthebuilding.Aftereachlap,Ipulledintotheparkinglotand____21____toenterthebuilding.Eachtime,justasIwasreadytostopthecar,Ilostmynerveand____22____aroundagain.Finally,Isaiditoutloud.“Ifyoudon’tgetoutofthiscarrightnow,I’llnever____23____you.”Thatdidthe____24____.Iheadedforthebuildingwhereauditions(試鏡)weregoingonforacommunity-theaterproduction.Mylovefortheatreis____25____.Asearlyasmiddleschool,Iwas____26____thatI’dbecomeafamousactress.Inhighschool,Iwontournamentsseveraltimesinaclassroomsetting.ButIbrokeoutinacold____27____atthethoughtofstandingonthestagewithlightsandcurtains.Incollege,Istillfailedtoperformonstagebecauseofmy____28____ofmakingafoolofmyselfinfrontofstrangers.Lifemovedon.I____29____mydreamofbeingonstageinfavorofmyfamily.Then,IrealizedonedayhowmuchI_____30_____thetheater.Therefore,whenIspottedtheadforauditions,Igatheredmy_____31_____.Isatquietly,waitingwithotherperformers._____32_____,itwasmyturn.Thedirectoraskedmetoreadsomelinesofanovel.I_____33_____myselfjustbyreadingthewordsonthepage,lettingmypersonalityfly.Tomy_____34_____,Iwasaccepted.It’struewhatthedirectorsaid,“You’llneverknowifyoudon’ttry._____35_____yourselfbeyondyourlimits.”21.A.decided B.afforded C.happened D.managed22.A.walked B.circled C.danced D.gathered23.A.reward B.warn C.greet D.forgive24.A.act B.position C.trick D.duty25.A.symbolic B.endless C.admirable D.abnormal26.A.sad B.proud C.certain D.worried27.A.eye B.temperature C.shoulder D.sweat28.A.fear B.memory C.way D.hope29.A.calledon B.putforward C.setaside D.reflectedon30.A.required B.deserved C.missed D.represented31A.courage B.reputation C.purpose D.capacity32.A.Happily B.Eventually C.Unquestionably D.Fortunately33.A.identified B.treasured C.criticized D.calmed34.A.amazement B.regret C.disappointment D.curiosity35.A.Educate B.Push C.Defeat D.Impress【答案】21.A22.B23.D24.C25.B26.C27.D28.A29.C30.C31.A32.B33.D34.A35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章詳細(xì)敘述了作者因?qū)騽〉臒釔?ài)而鼓起勇氣參加試鏡的經(jīng)歷，包括之前的猶豫、決定、等待以及最終的試鏡結(jié)果。【21題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：每繞一圈后