動(dòng)詞不定式專題復(fù)習(xí)

TheInfinitive

動(dòng)詞不定式

2021/6/271

動(dòng)詞不定式的構(gòu)成：肯定式：

to+動(dòng)詞原形否定式：

notto+動(dòng)詞原形

復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu):

forsb.todo2021/6/272動(dòng)詞不定式的用法動(dòng)詞不定式可充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞郑褐髡Z賓語定語表語狀語賓語補(bǔ)足語

注：動(dòng)詞不定式不能作謂語

2021/6/273

A.不定式作主語（一定要帶to,謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)）Toplayvideogameisfun.TolearnEnglishwellisimportant.

不定式作主語時(shí)，常用it作形式主語，而將真正的主語即動(dòng)詞不定式放在句末，構(gòu)成固定句型。

2021/6/274Itis＋n.(＋forsb.)＋todosth.

用于此句型的名詞有:pity,shame,pleasure,one’sduty,one’sjob,fun,joy,goodmanners,badmanners等。Ittakessb.＋sometime＋todosth.

該句型意為“做某事花費(fèi)某人多長時(shí)間”。It’s+adj.+（for/ofsb.)+todosth.

該句型意為“做某事對某人來說是……”。

不定式作主語的常用句型:2021/6/2751.It’scleverofyoutorefuseher.2.Itwascarelessofhertomakesuchamistake.3.It‘sverykindofyoutohelpus.1.It‘snecessaryforyoutogiveupsmoking.

2.It‘seasyformetodothat.3.It‘sveryhardforhimtostudytwolanguages.形容詞為描述人的品質(zhì)的詞,使用of。（形容詞修飾不定式時(shí)用介詞for.形容詞修飾邏輯主語時(shí)用介詞of.

）good,kind,nice,clever,foolish,right,honest,careful,polite,wrong,bad,foolish,careless。forsb./ofsb.的區(qū)別用介詞后面的代詞作主語，用介詞前邊的形容詞作表語，造個(gè)句子。如果道理上通順用of，不通則用for。

1.It’sveryniceofyoutosayso.→Youarenice.

(通順，所以應(yīng)用of)

2.It’shardforhimtofinishtheprojectbyhimself

→Heishard.

(人是困難的，不通，因此應(yīng)用for)2021/6/276不定式像名詞一樣，可以放在be動(dòng)詞后面。1.MywishistovisitLondonnextyear.2.Tom’sideaistogotoForestParktohaveapicnic.3.Theimportantthingistosavelives.4.Mywishistowriteagoodbookforchildren.5.Ourworkistobuildthehighway.6.MyjobistoteachEnglish.7.Myideaistoclimbthemountainfromthenorth.8.Mysuggestionistostartworkatonce.B.不定式作表語one’swish/job/aim/goal/ambition/plan/dream/way/work/hope/duty/idea/suggestionistodo/be…2021/6/277(1)Ihopetobeadoctor.Shedecidedtomakeanothertry.Theyallwanttoseethefilm.Wehopetobebackhomeat6:00.(5)Freddidn’thaveanymoney,sohedecidedtolookforajob.常見的能跟帶to不定式的動(dòng)詞及短語：want/wish/hope/decide/learn/plan/wouldlike/getreadytodo…C.不定式作賓語2021/6/278

e.g.Ifinditdifficulttounderstandhim.

Wethoughtitwrongnottohelpher.

Theyfounditimpossibletogeteverythingreadyintime.

it作形式賓語，而將真正的賓語動(dòng)詞不定式置于句末。sb.believe/think/consider/feel/make/find+it+adj.+todosth.2021/6/2791.Idon’tknowwheretogo.2.Hedidn’tknowwhattodo./howtodoit.3.Canyoutellmehowtogetthere?4.Ican’tdecidewhichtochoose.5.Theteachershowedushowtouseacomputer.“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)可以轉(zhuǎn)換為從句形式1）Idon’tknowwhereIwillgo.2）Hedidn’tknowwhathewoulddo/howhecoulddoit.3）CanyoutellmehowIcangetthere.4）Ican’tdecidewhichIwillchoose.5)Theteachershowedushowwecoulduseacomputer.不定式與疑問詞連用，構(gòu)成不定式短語，作賓語2021/6/27101.Wehavecometolearnfromyou.2.Igotupearlytocatchthebus.3.Theboyisoldenoughtogotoschool.4.Hewastooexcitedtosayaword.5.Shewassurprisedtohearthenews.6.I’mgladtomeetyou.D.不定式作狀語不定式結(jié)構(gòu)可以作狀語，修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞等，表示目的、原因、結(jié)果等。表示目的表示原因表示結(jié)果2021/6/2711表示目的：

Hecameherejusttoaskmesomequestions.Heboughtabicycletogototownmorequickly.Hewenthometoseehismother.HecamehereinordertoseeCharlie.Heshoutedandwavedsoastobenoticed.Hewentearlyinordernottomissthetrain.Iturnedtheradiodownsoasnottodisturbhim.為了強(qiáng)調(diào)表示目的的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，通?？梢杂胕norder(not)to或soas(not)to(soasto不能放在句首）可以和sothat引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句轉(zhuǎn)換。MrLigotupearlysoththecouldcatchtheearlybus.

→

MrLigotupearlysoas/inordertocatchtheearlybus.2021/6/2712表示結(jié)果：一般用在enoughto,too…to等結(jié)構(gòu)中,可以和so…that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句轉(zhuǎn)換1.Heranfastenoughtocatchupwiththem.2.Heistooyoungtogotoschool.3.Shewastooexcitedtosayaword.Heransofastthathecaughtupwiththem.Heissoyoungthathecan’tgotoschool.Heisn’toldenoughtogotoschool.Shewassoexcitedthatshecouldn’tsayaword.2021/6/2713表示原因：be+adj（glad.sorry.sure.happy.afraid.surprised等表情感的形容詞后）+todosth.2021/6/2714下列動(dòng)詞用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，帶to：ask/tell/order/want/invite/allow/like/warn/encourage/teachwouldlikesbtodo…1.Mymotheralwayslikesmetogetupearly.2.LucyoftenteachesmetolearnEnglish.3.Shedoesn’twanthertoattendthemeeting.4.Iaskedhimtoshowmethenewdictionary.

5.Sheaskedmetostaythere.

6.PleaseallowmetointroduceMr.Whitetoyou.E.不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語2021/6/2715下列動(dòng)詞用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，必須省去不定式符號(hào)to：e.g.1.Heobservedsomeoneopenthedoor.2.Iwatchedthemgetintothecar.3.Didyounoticehimleavetheroom?學(xué)會(huì)記憶:作賓補(bǔ)不帶to.一感：feel二聽：hear,listento三使役/讓：let,make,have五看：see,watch,lookat,observe,notice可帶可不帶to：help2021/6/2716總結(jié):省to的不定式1）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(除ought外，oughtto)：2）使役動(dòng)詞let,have,make3）感官動(dòng)詞see,watch,lookat,notice,observe,hear,listento,smell,feel,find等后作賓補(bǔ),省略to。4）wouldrather，hadbetter5）Whydon’tyou…/whynot…：6）help可帶to，也可不帶to,helpsb.(to)dosth.7)hadbetter(not)8)Will/Wouldyouplease…?2021/6/27171.Ihavealotofhomework

todo.2.Doyouhaveanything

tosay?3.Myfatherhassomethingimportant

totellme.4.Wouldyoulikesomething

todrink?5.Hereisabookforyou

toread.6.Ihavenotime

totalkwithher.7.Heneedsaroom

tolivein.8.Hewasalwaysthelast

toleave.

9.Bettywasthefirst

toknowthetruth.10.Sheusuallyhasalotofmeetingstoattendintheevening.11.Iwanttogetsomethingtoreadduringthevocation.

F.不定式作定語不定式作定語時(shí)，通常總是以短語的形式在句中出現(xiàn)的，因此作定語時(shí)要放在它所修飾的名詞或代詞之后。2021/6/2718不定式與所修飾的詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，如果不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞，它后面應(yīng)加上相應(yīng)的介詞1.Thenursehasfivechildrentolookafter.2.Let’sfirstfindaroomtoputthethingsin.3.Pleasepassmesomepapertowriteon.4.There’snothingforustoworryabout.5.Shehasanicepentowritewith.6.Heboughtaflatforthefamilytolivein.2021/6/2719e.g.

Heistheonlypersontoknowthetruth.Sheisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.當(dāng)名詞被thefirst,thelast,theonly等序數(shù)詞以及形容詞最高級修飾時(shí)，常用不定式作定語。thefirst,thelast,thenext,theonlytodosth2021/6/2720注意作簡短回答或避免不必要的重復(fù)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不定式常常省去to后面的動(dòng)詞，只保留to

。A:Wouldyouliketocometomyparty?Marywantedtousemybike,butIaskedhernotto(usemybike).B:Yes,I’dloveto(cometoyourparty).2021/6/2721Ex：1.Todothatsortofthingisfoolish.2.Iwanttoseeyouthisevening.3.Theworkyouhavetodonowistofinishitquickly.4.Wefoundahousetolivein.5.ShecameheretostudyEnglish.6.Iwarnedthepatientnottoeatcoldwater

aftertheoperation.

主語

賓語表語

定語

狀語

賓補(bǔ)2021/6/2722不定式短語whatwhowhichhow+不定式whenwhere用于tell,teach,how,wonder,learn,show,findout,ask,understand,explain之后，在句中作主語、賓語、表語。2021/6/2723作賓語Idon’tknowhowtodoit.wheretogo.whattosay.whentobegin.whichbustotake.2021/6/2724做主語Howtodoitisveryimportant.WheretogoWhattosayWhentobegin2021/6/2725作表語Thequestionishowtodoit.wheretogetit.whattosay.2021/6/2726

1.Thankyoufor

ussowell.A.toteachB.teachesC.taughtD.teaching2.

Ioftendosome

onSundays.A.washedB.towashC.washingD.washes3.

Theboy

JackinClassOneismybrother.A.callB.tobecalledC.callingD.called4.

Itoftentakesmehalfanhour

home.A.WalkingB.towalkC.walkedD.walks5.

Don’tforget

hercleanwatereveryday.A.togiveB.givingC.givenD.give2021/6/2727

6.Ithinkitisimportant

Englishwell.A.learningB.learnC.tolearnD.learned7.

Thefunnystorymadeusall

hard.A.laughB.tolaughC.laughingD.laughed8.

Ourteachertoldus

hardatourlessons.A.toworkB.workC.workingD.worked2021/6/27289.Couldyoutellme

thisnewspaper?A.toreadhowB.howtoreadC.whattoreadD.whatread10.Idon’tknow

next.A.whattodoB.whattodoitC.howtodoD.tohowdoit11.

Myhairistoolong,soImusthaveit

thisafternoon.A.cutB.cutsC.cuttingD.cutted12.

Remember

lastforclassagain.AA.nottoB.benottoC.nottobeD.nottocome13.

Mr.Smithaskedtheman

thequeue.A.notjumpB.didn’tjumpC.nottojumpD.tonotjump2021/6/272914.Whynot

withus?Yousee,it’svery

.A.

go;interestedB.go;interestingC.

togo;interestedD.going;interesting15.–Whatabout

tothecinematonight?--That’sagoodidea.I’dlike

withyou.A.

going;goingB.togo;togoC.

going;togoD.go;going16.Everyonehereisbusy

readforthecomingentrancetests.A.

getB.togetC.gettingD.gets

2021/6/273017.We’veworkedfortwohours.Let’s

arest.A.

stoptohaveB.stophavingC.

tostoptohaveD.stoppinghaving18.

Wouldyoumind

meafavour（恩惠）？

A.

doB.togoC.doingD.did19.

Mr.Wangaskedme

him.A.

helpB.helpsC.tohelpD.helping20.

PleasetellJimnot

lateagain.A.

toB.beC.tobeD.beto2021/6/273123.Pleasedon’tforget

tome,willyou?A.

towriteB.writingC.write22.Theboywants

hisfatheraquestionaboutthemoon.askingB.toaskC.askD.asked21.MissYangaskedtheboy

,thebabywassleepingintheroom.A.

tostoptosingB.tostopsingingC.stopsingingD.stoptosing2021/6/2732

25.

It’saboutsixo’clock,Let’s—suppernow.A.

stophavingB.tostophavingC.

stoptohaveD.tostoptohave26.We’dbetter—ontheroad.Acarmayhitus.A.

nottoplayB.notplayC.tonotplayD.don’tplay24.

Motherdecided—Tomawayfromschool.A.

tokeepnotB.keepnotC.

nottokeepD.notkeep2021/6/2733A.

29.

Ioftenseethem—withsomeforeigners.A.

talkB.totalkC.talkingD.talked30.

Hesayslifewon’