初中英語句子成分講解-練習(xí)及答案

PAGE1句子成分及基本句型英語句子成分歌

英語句子八呀八大塊，主謂賓表真呀真實(shí)在；補(bǔ)語跟著賓語表語跑，定語同位（語）專把名詞踹。狀語的位置它自由自在，忽右忽左隨心所欲擺。渾身的毛病真呀真不少，前后亂竄它還會(huì)加塞。（RAP）【句子的成分】在英文中句子成分包括：主語、謂語、賓語（直接賓語、間接賓語）、表語、定語、同位語和狀語、賓語補(bǔ)足語等。（一）主語：主語是謂語講述的對(duì)象，表示所說的“是什么”或“是誰”。一般由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或短語來充當(dāng)。它在句首。如：（1）Lucyisabeautifulnurse.（名詞作主語）（2）Hereadsnewspaperseveryday.（代詞作主語）（3）Smokingisharmfultothehealth.（動(dòng)名詞作主語）（4）ToswiminKunmingLakeisagreatpleasure.（不定式作主語）（5）Whatweshoulddoisnotyetdecided.（主語從句作主語）（二）謂語說明主語“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么樣”。謂語（謂語部分里主要的詞）必須是動(dòng)詞。謂語和主語在人稱和數(shù)兩方面必須一致。它在主語后面。如：Hisparentsareteachers.（系動(dòng)詞和表語一起作謂語）Westudyhard.（行為動(dòng)詞作謂語）Wedon’tfinishreadingthebook.（助動(dòng)詞和行為動(dòng)詞一起作謂語）HecanspeakEnglish.（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和行為動(dòng)詞一起作謂語）（三）賓語賓語是動(dòng)作、行為的對(duì)象，由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短語來?yè)?dān)任，它和及物動(dòng)詞一起說明主語做什么。一般放在謂語之后。Sheisdoingherhomeworknow.（名詞作賓語）Shesays（that）sheisill.（賓語從句作動(dòng)詞賓語）Weoftenhelphim.（代詞作賓語）Helikestoplaybasketball.（不定式作賓語）Weenjoylisteningtothemusic.我們喜歡聽音樂。（動(dòng)名詞短語作賓語）說明1：賓語是及物動(dòng)詞涉及到的人或物，賓語一般放在及物動(dòng)詞之后。介詞后面的名詞或代詞或動(dòng)名詞，稱為介詞賓語。名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞常在句中做動(dòng)詞賓語或介詞賓語。另外，動(dòng)詞不定式可作動(dòng)詞賓語；動(dòng)名詞和賓語從句也可用作動(dòng)詞賓語。說明2：及物動(dòng)詞作謂語時(shí)，后面要跟賓語。賓語分直接賓語和間接賓語。直接賓語是及物動(dòng)詞的直接對(duì)象，直接賓語指物，間接賓語通常是及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作所及的人，間接賓語指人。間接賓語一般放在直接賓語之前。不是所有的及物動(dòng)詞都可以用雙賓語。有的動(dòng)詞可以跟。如：give,show（給……看），bring,pass,buy等。如：（1）Ourteachertellsusastory.（2）Thesungivesuslight.間接賓語如果放在直接賓語之后，在表示“人”的間接賓語之前會(huì)出現(xiàn)介詞“to”或“for”。間接賓語前加“to”的有：give,show,send,bring,read,pass,lend,leave,hand,tell,return,write,throw,promise（答應(yīng)）,refuse（拒絕）等。間接賓語加“for”的有：make,buy,do,get,play,order（命令）,sing,pay等（1）Igivehimabook.改成：（2）Hepassesmethebook.（他將書遞給我。）改成：（3）Hewritesmealetter.改成：（4）Hewillbuymesomebooks.改成：（5）Sheismakingmeacake.改成：（四）表語表語說明主語“是什么”或者“怎么樣”，由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞、不定式及相當(dāng)于名詞或形容詞或短語來?yè)?dān)任。它的位置在系動(dòng)詞后面。如：Iamateacher.（名詞）Heisalwayshappy.（形容詞）Theyareontheplaygroundnow.（介詞短語）Itgetscold.（形容詞）Be動(dòng)詞（am，is，are,was,were）系動(dòng)詞表保持（keep,stay,remain）表改變（get，become，turn）感官動(dòng)詞（feel，sound（聽起來），seem/look（看起來），taste（嘗起來），smell（聞起來））如：Itsoundsinteresting.（sound為系動(dòng)詞，interesting為表語）Weshouldallremaincareful.Remain（為系動(dòng)詞，careful為表語）（五）賓語補(bǔ)足語在賓語后面補(bǔ)充說明賓語的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、特征的成分，稱為賓語補(bǔ)足語。名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語以及動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞等可用作賓語補(bǔ)足語。賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語稱為復(fù)合賓語。如：Theymakeherhappy.（形容詞）Iseeherdance.（不定式）We’llhelpyoutomaketheOlympicsasuccess.（名詞）Pleaselethimin.（副詞）Weheardhersingingasong.（分詞短語）（六）定語定語是用來修飾名詞或代詞的。形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、介詞短語、不等式或相當(dāng)于形容詞的詞或短語等。定語修飾名詞或代詞(即在漢語里的……的)1.形容詞作定語(一般放在被修飾語之前,修飾不定代詞時(shí)放在后面)Theyhaveacleverson.Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.2.名詞作定語:Isitacolorfilm?名詞作定語一般用單數(shù)形式,如:schoolbus,ticketoffice,paperflowers但也有例外,如:sportsmeeting,clothesshopman和woman修飾的名詞如果是復(fù)數(shù),它們總以復(fù)數(shù)的形式作定語,如:mendrivers,womendoctors3.代詞作定語:Thissongisbetterthanthatone.4.數(shù)詞作定語:Thereareonlythirtystudentsinourclass.帶有數(shù)字的復(fù)合形容詞.當(dāng)復(fù)合形容詞用連字號(hào)連接時(shí),其中的名詞要用單數(shù)形式.atwo-dayholidayathree-year-oldboy5.副詞作定語(放在被修飾詞之后):Doyouknowtheyoungmanoverthere?6.介詞短語作定語(放在被修飾詞之后):Thestudentsinourclasslikeswimming.單個(gè)詞作定語時(shí)，通常放在它所修飾的名詞之前。如：Theblackbikeismine.（形容詞）What’syourname?（代詞）Theymakepaperflowers.（名詞）說明1：當(dāng)定語修飾不定代詞：nothing,anything,everything,something等時(shí)，定語在不定代詞后面。如：Itellhimsomethinginteresting.（形容詞interesting作不定代詞something的后置定語）Hehassomethingtodo.（todo為不定式作后置定語）說明2：短語或從句作定語時(shí)，也放在被修飾的名詞之后。如：TheboysintheroomareinClassFour.（intheroom是介詞短語作theboys的后置定語。）單詞做定語時(shí)一般放在被修飾的名詞前面,而且有一定的次序：冠詞(a/the)/物代(my/his)/年齡(old,young,…)/形狀(round,square…)/大小(big,large,small,little…)/溫度(hot,cold,warm,cool…)/色彩(red,yellow,blue,)/來源(Chinese,English,American)/質(zhì)地(glass,silk,)/材料(wooden,woolen,)/目的/用途+被修飾的名詞(中心詞)

(七)同位語：對(duì)被修飾對(duì)象進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明或進(jìn)一步解釋。1）名詞2）代詞3）名詞短語4）數(shù)詞5）不定式6）-ing形式7）名詞從句John,afarmer,livedbyhisfarm.（八）狀語修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞。一般表示行為發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的、方式、程度等意義，一般由副詞、介詞短語、不定式或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞或短語來表示。狀語一般放在句末，但有的可以放在句首、句中。如：Hediditcarefully.（副詞）Weoftenhelphim.（副詞）HermothergoesouttodosomeshoppingonSunday.（介詞短語）WhenIgrowup,Iamgoingtobeateacher.（從句作時(shí)間狀語）Hesitsthere.（副詞地點(diǎn)狀語）狀語的位置1.在一般情況下,用于句末。Welikeourschoolverymuch.2.為了強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語,可以把它放在句首.Iusuallygetupatsix,butthismorningIgotupateight.3.表頻度的副詞通常用于句中,如always,usually,often,hardly,never,用于行為動(dòng)詞前,be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后Iusuallygetupearly.Heisoftenlate.一些副詞,如already,once,just,soon,yet,still,nearly,almost,really,suddenly,certainly等用法相似sometimes,now可以位于句首,句中或句末兩個(gè)或多個(gè)狀語同時(shí)修飾時(shí)的順序:1.地點(diǎn)狀語在前,時(shí)間狀語在后.WewillhaveameetinginRoom202tomorrow.2.較小單位的狀語在前,由小到大Mr.Lilivesat88ChongwenRd.,3.一個(gè)句子有幾個(gè)不同種類的副詞作狀語,其順序大都是:程度副詞,方式副詞,地點(diǎn)副詞,時(shí)間副詞Shesangverywellatthemeetinglastnight.時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)狀語也可以位于句首,表示強(qiáng)調(diào)或使上下文更為連貫UsuallyIreadthenewspapersinthemorning,butyesterdayIreadthemintheevening.【簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型】A.主語+不及物動(dòng)詞(主謂)如：Thesunrises.太陽(yáng)升起來。Thecarstopped.小汽車停下來了。rise和stop都是不及物動(dòng)詞，因此后邊不必加賓語。B.主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(主謂賓)如：Ilovemycountry.Hehelpsme.Ilikeactionmovies.Ibuyabook.C.主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語(主系表)如：Herbrotherisadriver.Wefeelhappy.（feel為系動(dòng)詞，表示感到……）Itgetsdark.天黑了。（get為系動(dòng)詞，表示變得）Tomlooksill.Tom看上去病了。（look為系動(dòng)詞，表示看上去，看起來）D.主語+及物動(dòng)詞+雙賓語（直接賓語、間接賓語）(主謂+直賓+間賓)如：HegivesTomapresent.（雙賓語）他給湯姆一件禮物。Mothermakeanewdressforme.（雙賓語）媽媽為我做了一件衣服。E.主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語(主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ))如：TheycallherMary.（賓補(bǔ)）他們叫她Mary。Wemakeourclassroomcleanandtidy.（賓補(bǔ)）我們使我們的教室干凈而整齊。Healwaysmakesuslaugh.（賓補(bǔ)）他總使我們笑。典型例題寫出劃線部分的句子成分。1.Lilyiscleaningthedesknow.2.Hergardenisthebestinourtown.3.LiuMingisthirteenyearsold.4.Ilikethisbookverymuch.5.ThegirlonthebluebikeisJane’ssister.6.Shedidn’tcometomypartybecauseshewasill.7.WangPingdoeshishomeworkcarefully.8.WewillgototheChildren’sPalaceonceaweek.9.Theyareintheclassroom.10.Itsoundsgood.11.HisnameisPaul.12.Wealwaysgotoschoolearly.課后練習(xí)(一)挑出下列句中的賓語①

Mybrother

doesn't

do

hishomework.

ABCD

②

People

all

over

theworld

speak

English.

ABCD

③Youmustpay

good

attention

to

your

pronunciation.

ABCD④Howmanynew

words

do

you

learn

?

ABCD

⑤Someofthe

students

intheschoolwant

togoswimming,

how

about

you?

ABCD(二)挑出下列句中的表語①

Theoldman

is

feeling

very

tired.

ABCD

②Whyis

he

worried

about

Jim?

ABCD

③

The

leaves

have

turned

yellow.

ABCD

④Soon

They

all

becomeinterested

inthesubject.

ABCD

⑤She

is

thefirst

tolearn

aboutit.

ABCD(三)挑出下列句中的定語①

They

use

Mr.Mrs.withthe

family

name.

ABCD②

What

is

your

given

name?

ABCD③Onthe

third

lap

are

Class1andClass3.

ABCD

④Iam

afraid

some

people

forgot

tosweep

thefloor.

ABCD

⑤

Theman

downstairs

was

trying

tosleep.

ABCD（四)挑出下列句中的賓語補(bǔ)足語①She

likes

thechildren

toreadnewspapersandbooks

inthe

reading-room.ABCD

②He

asks

her

totaketheboy

outofschool.

ABCD③She

find

it

difficult

todothework.

ABCD④They

call

me

Lily

sometimes.

ABCD

⑤

I

saw

Mr.Wang

getonthebus.

ABCD(五)挑出下列句中的狀語①

There

is

abigsmile

onherface.

ABCD

②

Everynight

he

heard

thenoise

upstairs.

AB