《富硒植物研究進(jìn)展綜述論文》5500字

富硒植物研究進(jìn)展綜述論文目錄TOC\o"1-2"\h\u11811富硒植物研究進(jìn)展綜述論文 1277881.硒元素概述 174571.1硒元素簡介 140071.2硒的分布 251711.3硒對(duì)人體健康的益處 2305612.植物中硒的存在形式及富硒植物 3112202.1硒在植物中的轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn) 390152.2甲基硒代半胱氨酸 413002參考文獻(xiàn) 51.硒元素概述1.1硒元素簡介硒(Se)是植物和動(dòng)物正常運(yùn)作所必需的微量元素ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Kieliszek</Author><Year>2019</Year><RecNum>1</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[1,2]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>1</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pad5tt9s3vd9x0ezvxyxedr3fwdzsztrxvfr"timestamp="1648298656">1</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Kieliszek,M.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Selenium–FascinatingMicroelement,PropertiesandSourcesinFood</title><secondary-title>Molecules</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Molecules</full-title></periodical><volume>24</volume><number>7</number><dates><year>2019</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite><Cite><Author>Galan-Chilet</Author><Year>2014</Year><RecNum>2</RecNum><record><rec-number>2</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pad5tt9s3vd9x0ezvxyxedr3fwdzsztrxvfr"timestamp="1648300925">2</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Galan-Chilet,I.</author><author>Tellez-Plaza,M.</author><author>Guallar,E.</author><author>Marco,GDe</author><author>Lopez-Izquierdo,R.</author><author>Gonzalez-Manzano,I.</author><author>Tormos,MCarmen</author><author>Martin-Nu?Ez,G.M.</author><author>Rojo-Martinez,G.</author><author>Saez,G.T.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Plasmaseleniumlevelsandoxidativestressbiomarkers:Agene–environmentinteractionpopulation-basedstudy</title><secondary-title>FreeRadicBiolMed</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>FreeRadicBiolMed</full-title></periodical><pages>229-236</pages><volume>74</volume><dates><year>2014</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[1,2]。它由瑞典化學(xué)家JacobBerzelius于1817年首次描述，然而，直到1950年研究發(fā)現(xiàn)過量服用硒與心肌營養(yǎng)不良和急性肝壞死有關(guān)時(shí)，其生物學(xué)作用才被確定ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Duntas</Author><Year>2015</Year><RecNum>3</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[3]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>3</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pad5tt9s3vd9x0ezvxyxedr3fwdzsztrxvfr"timestamp="1648302077">3</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Duntas,L.H.;Benvenga,S.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Selenium:Anelementforlife.</title><secondary-title>Endocrine</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Endocrine</full-title></periodical><pages>756–775</pages><volume>48</volume><dates><year>2015</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[3]。1973年，發(fā)現(xiàn)硒是谷胱甘肽過氧化物酶(GPx)的關(guān)鍵成分，因此，它有助于保護(hù)身體免受壓力引起的活細(xì)胞氧化損傷，硒的作用開始被重視起來。隨后，發(fā)現(xiàn)Se不僅與GPx有關(guān)，還與生物體細(xì)胞內(nèi)的許多其他酶活性有關(guān)；例如，Se生物形式硒代半胱氨酸（SeCys）和硒代蛋氨酸（SeMet）是碘甲狀腺原氨酸脫碘酶的關(guān)鍵成分，對(duì)內(nèi)分泌系統(tǒng)的健康運(yùn)作至關(guān)重要ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Kieliszek</Author><Year>2019</Year><RecNum>1</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[1,4]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>1</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pad5tt9s3vd9x0ezvxyxedr3fwdzsztrxvfr"timestamp="1648298656">1</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Kieliszek,M.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Selenium–FascinatingMicroelement,PropertiesandSourcesinFood</title><secondary-title>Molecules</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Molecules</full-title></periodical><volume>24</volume><number>7</number><dates><year>2019</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite><Cite><Author>Marek</Author><Year>2016</Year><RecNum>19</RecNum><record><rec-number>19</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pad5tt9s3vd9x0ezvxyxedr3fwdzsztrxvfr"timestamp="1648366772">19</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Marek,K.</author><author>Stanis?Aw,B.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>CurrentKnowledgeontheImportanceofSeleniuminFoodforLivingOrganisms:AReview</title><secondary-title>Molecules</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Molecules</full-title></periodical><pages>609</pages><volume>21</volume><number>5</number><dates><year>2016</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[4]。據(jù)估計(jì)，全球有10億人面臨硒不足的困境ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Nothstein</Author><Year>2016</Year><RecNum>18</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[5]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>18</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pad5tt9s3vd9x0ezvxyxedr3fwdzsztrxvfr"timestamp="1648366772">18</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Nothstein,A.K.</author><author>Elisabeth,E.</author><author>Michael,R.</author><author>Peter,N.</author><author>Winkel,Lhe</author><author>J?Rg,G.</author><author>Ralph,S.</author><author>Rita,B.</author><author>Matthias,V.B.</author><author>Gabriele,K.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>TrackingSeAssimilationandSpeciationthroughtheRicePlant–NutrientCompetition,ToxicityandDistribution</title><secondary-title>PlosOne</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>PlosOne</full-title></periodical><pages>e0152081</pages><volume>11</volume><number>4</number><dates><year>2016</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[5]，SeCys在人體不可缺少，被稱為“第21種氨基酸”。總共在人類蛋白質(zhì)組中鑒定出25種硒蛋白，通常是氧化還原酶，包括作為催化殘基的SeCysADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[6,7]。這些硒蛋白主要具有廣泛的氧化還原功能，對(duì)調(diào)節(jié)人體免疫力ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[8]、介導(dǎo)甲狀腺疾病ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[9]和生殖系統(tǒng)健康至關(guān)重要ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[10]。較早的一項(xiàng)研究表明，人體長期缺乏硒會(huì)對(duì)心血管系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響，并可能導(dǎo)致心肌梗塞，即心臟病發(fā)作ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Ullah</Author><Year>2018</Year><RecNum>16</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[11]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>16</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pad5tt9s3vd9x0ezvxyxedr3fwdzsztrxvfr"timestamp="1648366772">16</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Ullah</author><author>Habib</author><author>Liu</author><author>Guijian</author><author>Yousaf</author><author>Balal</author><author>Ali</author><author>Ubaid,M.</author><author>Abbas</author><author>Qumber</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Developmentalseleniumexposureandhealthriskindailyfoodstuffs:Asystematicreviewandmeta-analysis</title><secondary-title>EcotoxicologyandEnvironmentalSafety</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>EcotoxicologyandEnvironmentalSafety</full-title></periodical><dates><year>2018</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[11]。除了這些例子，硒缺乏還與主要發(fā)生在兒童和育齡婦女的克山病和大骨節(jié)病有關(guān)ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>McCann</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>15</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[12,13]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>15</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pad5tt9s3vd9x0ezvxyxedr3fwdzsztrxvfr"timestamp="1648366772">15</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>McCann</author><author>Joyce</author><author>C.</author><author>Ames</author><author>Bruce</author><author>N.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Adaptivedysfunctionofselenoproteinsfromtheperspectiveofthetriagetheory:whymodestseleniumdeficiencymayincreaseriskofdiseasesofaging</title><secondary-title>FASEBJournal</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>FASEBJournal</full-title></periodical><pages>1793-1814</pages><volume>25</volume><number>6</number><dates><year>2011</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite><Cite><Author>Shreenath</Author><Year>2018</Year><RecNum>14</RecNum><record><rec-number>14</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pad5tt9s3vd9x0ezvxyxedr3fwdzsztrxvfr"timestamp="1648366772">14</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Shreenath,A.P.</author><author>Dooley,J.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Selenium,Deficiency</title></titles><dates><year>2018</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[12,13]。硒在人類健康中的重要作用已被幾位研究人員證實(shí)ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[14-15]。通常，人類通過食用富含硒的植物和動(dòng)物產(chǎn)品，特別是植物來源的產(chǎn)品來吸收硒。植物從土壤中以硒酸鹽的形式吸收硒ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Longchamp</Author><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>13</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[20]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>13</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pad5tt9s3vd9x0ezvxyxedr3fwdzsztrxvfr"timestamp="1648366772">13</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Longchamp,M.</author><author>Angeli,N.</author><author>Castrec-Rouelle,M.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>SeleniumuptakeinZeamayssuppliedwithselenateorseleniteunderhydroponicconditions</title><secondary-title>Plant&Soil</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Plant&Soil</full-title></periodical><pages>107-117</pages><volume>362</volume><number>1-2</number><dates><year>2013</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[16]，然后將其轉(zhuǎn)化為有機(jī)形式SeCys和硒代蛋氨酸SeMetADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Khanam</Author><Year>2016</Year><RecNum>12</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[21]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>12</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pad5tt9s3vd9x0ezvxyxedr3fwdzsztrxvfr"timestamp="1648366772">12</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Khanam,A.</author><author>Platel,K.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Bioaccessibilityofselenium,selenomethionineandselenocysteinefromfoodsandinfluenceofheatprocessingonthesame</title><secondary-title>FoodChemistry</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>FoodChemistry</full-title></periodical><pages>1293-1299</pages><volume>194</volume><number>MAR.1</number><dates><year>2016</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[17]?，F(xiàn)在仍需要更多的研究來確定它是否對(duì)高等植物至關(guān)重要?，F(xiàn)代硒研究的主要特征是硒在營養(yǎng)食物鏈（土壤、植物、昆蟲、動(dòng)物、人類）中的研究、生物地球化學(xué)循環(huán)、硒的毒性和缺乏ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Pilon-Smits</Author><Year>2009</Year><RecNum>17</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[11,24]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>17</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pad5tt9s3vd9x0ezvxyxedr3fwdzsztrxvfr"timestamp="1648366772">17</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Pilon-Smits,Eah</author><author>Leduc,D.L.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>PhytoremediationofSeusingtransgenicplants.CurrOpinBiotechnol</title><secondary-title>CurrentOpinioninBiotechnology</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>CurrentOpinioninBiotechnology</full-title></periodical><pages>207-212</pages><volume>20</volume><number>2</number><dates><year>2009</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite><Cite><Author>Ullah</Author><Year>2018</Year><RecNum>16</RecNum><record><rec-number>16</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pad5tt9s3vd9x0ezvxyxedr3fwdzsztrxvfr"timestamp="1648366772">16</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Ullah</author><author>Habib</author><author>Liu</author><author>Guijian</author><author>Yousaf</author><author>Balal</author><author>Ali</author><author>Ubaid,M.</author><author>Abbas</author><author>Qumber</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Developmentalseleniumexposureandhealthriskindailyfoodstuffs:Asystematicreviewandmeta-analysis</title><secondary-title>EcotoxicologyandEnvironmentalSafety</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>EcotoxicologyandEnvironmentalSafety</full-title></periodical><dates><year>2018</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>，世界領(lǐng)土的硒狀況圖，農(nóng)作物的生物強(qiáng)化，防止重金屬和其他非生物脅迫，以及生產(chǎn)富含硒的功能性食品和補(bǔ)充劑ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Reich</Author><Year>2016</Year><RecNum>11</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[25]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>11</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pad5tt9s3vd9x0ezvxyxedr3fwdzsztrxvfr"timestamp="1648366772">11</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Reich,H.J.</author><author>Hondal,R.J.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>WhyNatureChoseSelenium</title><secondary-title>AcsChemicalBiology</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>AcsChemicalBiology</full-title></periodical><pages>acschembio.6b00031</pages><dates><year>2016</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[18]。1.2硒的分布硒(Se)廣泛分布于地球，存在于大氣、巖石圈、水圈和生物圈ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Reich</Author><Year>2016</Year><RecNum>11</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[25]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>11</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pad5tt9s3vd9x0ezvxyxedr3fwdzsztrxvfr"timestamp="1648366772">11</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Reich,H.J.</author><author>Hondal,R.J.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>WhyNatureChoseSelenium</title><secondary-title>AcsChemicalBiology</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>AcsChemicalBiology</full-title></periodical><pages>acschembio.6b00031</pages><dates><year>2016</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[19]。巖石的風(fēng)化和火山氣體的噴發(fā)是硒進(jìn)入環(huán)境的關(guān)鍵來源。此外，富硒有機(jī)物通過微生物的生物甲基化分解，使該元素保持正向流入大氣。這些機(jī)制導(dǎo)致?lián)]發(fā)性硒化合物的存在，即硒化氫(H2Se)、二甲基硒化物(DMSe)和氧化硒(SeO2)。在全球范圍內(nèi)，耕地土壤中的硒含量在0.33到2毫克/千克之間ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Mason</Author><Year>2018</Year><RecNum>10</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[26]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>10</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pad5tt9s3vd9x0ezvxyxedr3fwdzsztrxvfr"timestamp="1648366772">10</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Mason,R.P.</author><author>Soerensen,A.L.</author><author>Dimento,B.P.</author><author>Balcom,P.H.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>TheGlobalMarineSeleniumCycle:InsightsFromMeasurementsandModeling</title><secondary-title>GlobalBiogeochemicalCycles</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>GlobalBiogeochemicalCycles</full-title></periodical><volume>32</volume><number>12</number><dates><year>2018</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[20]。硒水平較高的地區(qū)被稱為富硒區(qū)ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Fordyce</Author><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>9</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[27]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>9</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pad5tt9s3vd9x0ezvxyxedr3fwdzsztrxvfr"timestamp="1648366772">9</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="Book">6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Fordyce,F.M.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Seleniumdeficiencyandtoxicityintheenvironment</title></titles><dates><year>2013</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[21]。土壤中硒的濃度取決于當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)境的管理以及將硒釋放到大氣中所必需的微生物的數(shù)量。在美國、俄羅斯、中國部分地區(qū)、澳大利亞、加拿大和愛爾蘭觀察到富硒土壤。相比之下，新西蘭和歐洲大部分地區(qū)的土壤主要缺乏硒。超過70%的國家存在硒缺乏癥，然而，土壤中的總硒含量并不等同于植物或人類和動(dòng)物通過植物能獲取的所有的硒含量。植物能獲取的硒取決于大量土壤化學(xué)特征和生化特征，包括吸附、破壞、土壤pH值、其他養(yǎng)分的存在和硒甲基化作用ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[22]。例如，高硫植物對(duì)硒的吸收較高ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Lopes</Author><Year>2017</Year><RecNum>25</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[29]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>25</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pad5tt9s3vd9x0ezvxyxedr3fwdzsztrxvfr"timestamp="1648368150">25</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Lopes,G.</author><author>Avila,F.W.</author><author>Guilherme,L.R.G.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>UnivFedLavrasUFLA,DeptCienciaSolo,Lavras,MG,Brazil UnivEstadualCtrOesteUNICENTRO,Guarapuava,PR,Brazil</auth-address><titles><title>Seleniumbehaviorinthesoilenvironmentanditsimplicationforhumanhealth</title><secondary-title>CienciaEAgrotecnologia</secondary-title><alt-title>CiencAgrotec</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>CienciaEAgrotecnologia</full-title><abbr-1>CiencAgrotec</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>CienciaEAgrotecnologia</full-title><abbr-1>CiencAgrotec</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>605-615</pages><volume>41</volume><number>6</number><keywords><keyword>essentialmicronutrient</keyword><keyword>seadsorption</keyword><keyword>seavailability</keyword><keyword>biofortification</keyword><keyword>humannutrition</keyword><keyword>se-methylselenocysteine</keyword><keyword>adsorption</keyword><keyword>cancer</keyword><keyword>biofortification</keyword><keyword>speciation</keyword><keyword>sorption</keyword><keyword>bioavailability</keyword><keyword>selenoproteins</keyword><keyword>nutrition</keyword><keyword>selenate</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2017</year><pub-dates><date>Nov-Dec</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1413-7054</isbn><accession-num>WOS:000417853100001</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url><GotoISI>://WOS:000417853100001</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1590/1413-70542017416000517</electronic-resource-num><language>English</language></record></Cite></EndNote>[23]。富含硒的食物包括海鮮、雞蛋、雞肉、堅(jiān)果、蘑菇和綠色蔬菜，包括油菜、菠菜、花椰菜和卷心菜。人體中硒的濃度隨農(nóng)業(yè)氣候區(qū)域和日常飲食的不同而變化。在水中，硒以硒酸鹽或亞硒酸鹽的形式存在。地下水中硒的濃度高于海水ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[24]。這主要是由于集約化管理的農(nóng)業(yè)土壤中富硒肥料的徑流以及母巖材料中的硒分泌造成的ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[25]。1.3硒對(duì)人體健康的益處在人體的硒總量（約3-20毫克）中，約47%存在于骨骼肌/纖維細(xì)胞中，約4%存在于腎臟中。一般來說，硒的存在取決于其在血清中的濃度ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[26]。研究表明60歲左右的成年人中血清中硒濃度最高ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Tamari</Author><Year>1999</Year><RecNum>115</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[33]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>115</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pad5tt9s3vd9x0ezvxyxedr3fwdzsztrxvfr"timestamp="1648370584">115</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Tamari,Y.</author><author>Kim,E.S.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>DepartmentofChemistry,KonanUniversity,Kobe,Japan.</auth-address><titles><title>Longitudinalstudyofthedietaryseleniumintakeofexclusivelybreast-fedinfantsduringearlylactationinKoreaandJapan</title><secondary-title>JTraceElemMedBiol</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>JTraceElemMedBiol</full-title></periodical><pages>129-33</pages><volume>13</volume><number>3</number><edition>1999/12/28</edition><keywords><keyword>Adult</keyword><keyword>*BreastFeeding</keyword><keyword>*Diet</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Infant,Newborn</keyword><keyword>Japan</keyword><keyword>Korea</keyword><keyword>Lactation</keyword><keyword>LongitudinalStudies</keyword><keyword>Milk,Human/*chemistry</keyword><keyword>NutritionPolicy</keyword><keyword>Selenium/*administration&dosage</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1999</year><pub-dates><date>Nov</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0946-672X(Print) 0946-672X(Linking)</isbn><accession-num>10612075</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>/pubmed/10612075</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/S0946-672X(99)80002-9</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[27]。當(dāng)血液中每升血清中硒含量低于85μg時(shí)，就會(huì)出現(xiàn)硒缺乏癥。低硒水平會(huì)增加某些癌癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[28]，而硒含量過高可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致貧血、脫發(fā)、骨骼僵硬或失明。如果硒在空氣中的濃度高于0.2mg/m3，它可能會(huì)被人類和其他動(dòng)物吸入ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[29]。硒的供應(yīng)不足和過量都對(duì)人體健康有害ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Fraczek</Author><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>123</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[36]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>123</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pad5tt9s3vd9x0ezvxyxedr3fwdzsztrxvfr"timestamp="1648370713">123</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Fraczek,A.</author><author>Pasternak,K.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>MedUnivLublin,Chair&DeptMedChem,PL-20093Lublin,Poland</auth-address><titles><title>SeleniuminMedicineandTreatment</title><secondary-title>JournalofElementology</secondary-title><alt-title>JElementol</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>JournalofElementology</full-title><abbr-1>JElementol</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>JournalofElementology</full-title><abbr-1>JElementol</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>145-163</pages><volume>18</volume><number>1</number><keywords><keyword>selenium</keyword><keyword>qualitiesofselenium</keyword><keyword>seleniumdeficiency</keyword><keyword>excessofselenium</keyword><keyword>kashin-beckdisease</keyword><keyword>dietaryselenium</keyword><keyword>prostate-cancer</keyword><keyword>glutathione-peroxidase</keyword><keyword>chemopreventiveagents</keyword><keyword>friedreichs-ataxia</keyword><keyword>serumselenium</keyword><keyword>breast-cancer</keyword><keyword>vitamin-e</keyword><keyword>supplementation</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2013</year><pub-dates><date>Mar</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1644-2296</isbn><accession-num>WOS:000318196500013</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url><GotoISI>://WOS:000318196500013</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.5601/jelem.203</electronic-resource-num><language>English</language></record></Cite></EndNote>[30]。每日100–200μgSe的劑量可抑制遺傳損傷和某些癌細(xì)胞的發(fā)育。已觀察到每天攝入100μgSe可減少臨床抑郁和焦慮ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Zwolak</Author><Year>2012</Year><RecNum>126</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[38]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>126</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pad5tt9s3vd9x0ezvxyxedr3fwdzsztrxvfr"timestamp="1648370788">126</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Zwolak,I.</author><author>Zaporowska,H.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>JohnPaulIICatholicUnivLublin,DeptCellBiol,InstEnvironmProtect,PL-20718Lublin,Poland</auth-address><titles><title>Seleniuminteractionsandtoxicity:areviewSeleniuminteractionsandtoxicity</title><secondary-title>CellBiologyandToxicology</secondary-title><alt-title>CellBiolToxicol</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>CellBiologyandToxicology</full-title><abbr-1>CellBiolToxicol</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>CellBiologyandToxicology</full-title><abbr-1>CellBiolToxicol</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>31-46</pages><volume>28</volume><number>1</number><keywords><keyword>arsenic</keyword><keyword>cadmium</keyword><keyword>seleniuminteractions</keyword><keyword>toxicity</keyword><keyword>traceelements</keyword><keyword>oxidativestress</keyword><keyword>cancerprevention</keyword><keyword>arsenictoxicity</keyword><keyword>bloodselenium</keyword><keyword>vitamin-e</keyword><keyword>vanadium</keyword><keyword>cadmium</keyword><keyword>DNA</keyword><keyword>supplementation</keyword><keyword>mice</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2012</year><pub-dates><date>Feb</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0742-2091</isbn><accession-num>WOS:000301567500004</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url><GotoISI>://WOS:000301567500004</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1007/s10565-011-9203-9</electronic-resource-num><language>English</language></record></Cite></EndNote>[31]。每天攝入超過1500μg對(duì)人體有毒。由于植物和動(dòng)物食品中的硒濃度反映了它們產(chǎn)地土壤中的硒含量，因此食品中的硒含量在全球范圍內(nèi)是變化的。例如，美國的硒攝入量超過90μg/天，委內(nèi)瑞拉為326μg/天，而在一些歐洲國家，其濃度低于推薦值，約為30微克/天。說明硒在人體生理過程中的健康益處。具體表現(xiàn)在抗氧化、降低癌癥風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、預(yù)防心血管疾病、增強(qiáng)免疫和抗炎等方面。硒是一種強(qiáng)抗氧化劑，可減少自由基引起的細(xì)胞損傷，保護(hù)身體免受心臟病和某些癌癥的侵害，自由基作為活細(xì)胞的副產(chǎn)品自然產(chǎn)生，也可能是吸煙、飲酒或精神壓力的結(jié)果。此外，自由基的產(chǎn)生與許多人類疾病有關(guān)，包括心血管疾病、阿爾茨海默氏癥、一些癌癥和過早衰老。硒可降低某些癌癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。硒減少DNA損傷，緩解壓力，同時(shí)增強(qiáng)身體的免疫系統(tǒng)。WHO推薦的每日硒劑量可改善接受化療的患者的生活質(zhì)量。硒的這些有益作用已在富含硒的植物性食物中被證實(shí)，但在硒補(bǔ)充劑中卻沒有。同時(shí)，硒可以減少化療的副作用。硒含量豐富的飲食有助于心臟和心血管系統(tǒng)健康A(chǔ)DDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Rees</Author><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>154</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[41]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>154</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pad5tt9s3vd9x0ezvxyxedr3fwdzsztrxvfr"timestamp="1648371616">154</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Rees,K.</author><author>Hartley,L.</author><author>Day,C.</author><author>Flowers,N.</author><author>Clarke,A.</author><author>Stranges,S.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>DivisionofHealthSciences,WarwickMedicalSchool,UniversityofWarwick,Coventry,UK.Karen.Rees@warwick.ac.uk</auth-address><titles><title>Seleniumsupplementationfortheprimarypreventionofcardiovasculardisease</title><secondary-title>CochraneDatabaseSystRev</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>CochraneDatabaseSystRev</full-title></periodical><pages>CD009671</pages><number>1</number><edition>2013/02/27</edition><keywords><keyword>Adult</keyword><keyword>Antioxidants/*administration&dosage</keyword><keyword>CardiovascularDiseases/*prevention&control</keyword><keyword>Cholesterol/blood</keyword><keyword>*DietarySupplements</keyword><keyword>Food,Fortified</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>PrimaryPrevention/methods</keyword><keyword>RandomizedControlledTrialsasTopic</keyword><keyword>Selenium/*administration&dosage</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2013</year><pub-dates><date>Jan31</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1469-493X(Electronic) 1361-6137(Linking)</isbn><accession-num>23440843</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>/pubmed/23440843</url></related-urls></urls><custom2>PMC7433291</custom2><electronic-resource-num>10.1002/14651858.CD009671.pub2</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[31]。硒通過減輕體內(nèi)炎癥和氧化應(yīng)激來降低心臟病發(fā)作的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，硒缺乏可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致動(dòng)脈壁內(nèi)的斑塊積聚，從而導(dǎo)致動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[32]。動(dòng)脈增厚會(huì)導(dǎo)致心臟病發(fā)作。失眠可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致焦慮、抑郁和生活質(zhì)量下降。經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn)精神健康狀況不佳的患者血液中硒水平較低ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Albuquerque</Author><Year>2019</Year><RecNum>157</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[43]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>157</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pad5tt9s3vd9x0ezvxyxedr3fwdzsztrxvfr"timestamp="1648371747">157</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Albuquerque,R.G.</author><author>Tufik,S.</author><author>Andersen,M.L.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>DepartmentofPsychobiology,UniversidadeFederaldeSaoPaulo,RuaNapoleaodeBarros925,SaoPaulo,SP,04024-002,Brazil. DepartmentofPsychobiology,UniversidadeFederaldeSaoPaulo,RuaNapoleaodeBarros925,SaoPaulo,SP,04024-002,Brazil.ml.andersen12@.</auth-address><titles><title>Benefitsofseleniuminthe