語法一　名詞+考點(diǎn)2　名詞的數(shù)+名詞的所有格課件 中考英語語法專題探究

語法一名詞第2部分語法專題探究考點(diǎn)精講試題精練鏈接中考考點(diǎn)2名詞的數(shù)考點(diǎn)精講1.可數(shù)名詞及其單復(fù)數(shù)(1)可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化分類情況變化規(guī)則例子一般情況在詞尾加-sbiscuit→①____________(2024.28),feeling→feelings(2024.76),foreigner→foreigners(2023.77)以字母s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾的名詞在詞尾加-esbus→buses,brush→brushes,watch→②___________，box→③____________特例：stomach→stomachsbiscuits

watches

boxes

分類情況變化規(guī)則例子以元音字母加-y結(jié)尾的名詞在詞尾加-stoy→toys,day→days,key→④____________以輔音字母加-y結(jié)尾的名詞變y為i，再加-esbaby→babies,family→families,factory→⑤____________keys

factories

分類情況變化規(guī)則例子以字母f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞在詞尾加-sroof→roofs,belief→beliefs變f/fe為v，再加-es【巧學(xué)妙記】妻子(wife)持刀(knife)去宰狼(wolf)，小偷(thief)嚇得發(fā)了慌；躲在架(shelf)后保己(self)命(life)，半(half)片樹葉(leaf)遮目光。兩者皆可scarf→scarfs/scarves分類情況變化規(guī)則例子以o結(jié)尾的名詞表示有生命的人和事物的詞加-eshero→heroes,potato→potatoes,tomato→⑥____________【巧學(xué)妙記】英雄愛吃土豆和西紅柿。表示無生命的事物的詞加-sphoto→⑦_(dá)___________，piano→pianostomatoes

photos

【注意】(1)有些以-s結(jié)尾的名詞，不是復(fù)數(shù)名詞。如：physics物理maths數(shù)學(xué)politics政治news新聞(2)chopsticks,glasses(眼鏡),scissors,trousers,jeans等詞一般以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，作主語時謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。但若被apairof修飾，謂語動詞則用單數(shù)形式。(3)常見的集體名詞①形式為單數(shù)，但意義可以為單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)，如family,public,class,crowd,team,couple等。當(dāng)它們作主語時，如果強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；如果強(qiáng)調(diào)集體中的每一個成員，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：②形式為單數(shù)，但意義一般為復(fù)數(shù)，如people,police,staff等。如：Thepolicearetryingtofindasolution.警方正在努力尋找解決辦法。(2)可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化分類情況例子a→eman→men,woman→women,policeman→⑧____________oo→eefoot→⑨____________，tooth→teeth單復(fù)數(shù)同形sheep,deer特例：fish(指條數(shù))→fish,fish(指種類)→fishes,fish(指魚肉)是不可數(shù)名詞特殊變化mouse→mice,child→childrenpolicemen

feet

分類情況例子某國人Chinese→Chinese,Japanese→Japanese,Englishman→Englishmen,Frenchman→Frenchmen【巧學(xué)妙記】中日不變英法變，其余-s加后面。復(fù)合名詞第一部分是man或woman時，兩部分都變復(fù)數(shù)形式Amanteacher→twomenteachers,awomandoctor→two⑩_____________把后面的中心詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式Agirlstudent→twogirlstudents,anappletree→two?_________womendoctors

appletrees

2.不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，且不能用基數(shù)詞或a/an直接修飾。

(1)不可數(shù)名詞的量化，即“數(shù)詞＋量詞＋of＋不可數(shù)名詞”變復(fù)數(shù)時，把a(bǔ)/an變?yōu)榫唧w數(shù)詞，量詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)。如：aglass/boxofmilk一杯/盒牛奶twoglassesofwater兩杯水(2)既可作可數(shù)名詞，又可作不可數(shù)名詞的詞常見的此類名詞有：名詞可數(shù)不可數(shù)time次數(shù)；倍數(shù)時間；時刻experience經(jīng)歷經(jīng)驗paper報紙；試卷；論文紙張life性命；一生生命；生物glass眼鏡；玻璃杯玻璃wood樹林木頭；木材名詞可數(shù)不可數(shù)room房間空間orange橙子橙汁exercise習(xí)題；練習(xí)鍛煉；運(yùn)動work作品工作chicken雞雞肉word單詞；說的話消息(3)修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的常見限定詞類別例子只能修飾可數(shù)名詞的限定詞many很多several一些few不多；很少afew一些a(great/large)numberof許多acoupleof一對只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞的限定詞much很多l(xiāng)ittle很少；極少量的alittle少量alargeamountof大量的agreatdealof很多abitof一點(diǎn)兒兩者皆可修飾的限定詞all全部some一些most大多數(shù)的alotof/lotsof很多plentyof大量，眾多鏈接中考名詞的數(shù)在選詞填空中的應(yīng)用(必考，每年2～3道)廣西中考的選詞填空往往考查2～3個名詞，近兩年均考查了名詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式的變化?！窘忸}思路】(1)首先，判斷空格處所填單詞為可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞；(2)若為不可數(shù)名詞(無復(fù)數(shù)形式)，可直接填入；(3)若為可數(shù)名詞，需判斷應(yīng)填單數(shù)形式還是復(fù)數(shù)形式。方法如下：填單數(shù)形式(1)a/an/one＋名詞單數(shù)；(2)this/that/every/each/either/another＋名詞單數(shù)；(3)名詞單數(shù)(作主語)＋謂語動詞單數(shù)。如：

Kate’s①____________(desk)isingoodorderandeverythingisinitsproperplace.desk

填復(fù)數(shù)形式(1)大于1的基數(shù)詞＋名詞復(fù)數(shù)；(2)many/these/those/few/both/all/several等限定詞＋名詞復(fù)數(shù)；(3)alotof/anumberof/acoupleof/apairof/“oneof(＋the＋形容詞最高級)”等＋名詞復(fù)數(shù)；(4)名詞復(fù)數(shù)(作主語)＋謂語動詞復(fù)數(shù)。如：Chinesefamily②____________(member)usuallyliketogettogether,especiallyduringfestivals.【注意】

若空格前沒有上述標(biāo)志詞，可根據(jù)上下文語境或隱形標(biāo)志詞(原詞、近反義詞、上下義詞、語義關(guān)聯(lián)詞等)來決定所填名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。members

celebrate

close

feeling

they

favorite

write

quietly

radio

because

without(2024廣西76題、81題選詞填空節(jié)選)Musichasmagic.Differentkindsofmusicbringyoudifferent76.____________.Forexample,rockmusicmakesyouexcitedwhileclassicalmusicmakesyourelaxed…It’seasytogetmusicinyourlife.Youcanjustturnonthe81.____________andlistentodifferentkindsofmusicforfun.解析：76題：根據(jù)“Forexample,rockmusicmakesyouexcited…”可知，不同的音樂會帶給你不同的感覺，所以此空選feeling，又因空前有different，應(yīng)用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填feelings。81題：根據(jù)下文“l(fā)istentodifferentkindsofmusic”和備選詞可推斷，你可以打開收音機(jī)收聽不同類型的音樂。故填名詞radio。試題精練一、選詞填空基礎(chǔ)練hero

confidence

term

leaf

womandoor

paper

video

sheep

tourist1.I’dliketowritesomething.Pleasegivemeapieceof________．2.The________arefedwellbythefarmer.Allofthemlookfat.3.(2024成都改編)Forashystudent,ittakes_____________togiveaspeechinclass.4．Moreandmore___________cometovisitXinjiangthisyearbecauseoftheTVshow.paper

sheep

confidence

tourists

5.Inautumn,the_________ofthetreesalongtheriverturnyellow.6.(2024安徽改編)Every_______isanewbeginningforallthestudentsandteachers.7.Ourhospitalneedsseveral________doctors.Youcanaskyourdaughtertohaveatry.8.Youcanlearntocookbywatchingsome_________aboutmakingdeliciousfoodonDouyin.9.(2024自貢改編)It’sgoodtoopenthe_______andthewindowinthemorningtoletfreshairin.10.(2024達(dá)州改編)Alotof_________losttheiryounglivesforthelong-lastingpeaceofourcountry.leaves

term

women

videos

door

heroes

二、選詞填空微語篇(2024湖北改編)(主題：人與自然·首屆垃圾收集世界杯難度：★★★用時：5分鐘)根據(jù)語篇內(nèi)容，從方框中選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，并用其正確形式填空。每個單詞只能用一次。country

problem

animal

idea

lifeDoyoubelievepickinguprubbishhasbecomeaworldcompetition?InNovemberof2023,thefirstSpoGomiWorldCupwasheldinAsia.TeamsfromJapanand20other1.____________tookpartinit.Accordingtotherules,eachteamwillhave90minutestocollectrubbishasmuchascountries

possible.Britainfinallywonthefirstprize.“Wehopemorepeoplearoundtheworldwillpayattentiontoallkindsofenvironmental2.________，”saidaBritishteammember.WhenKen,thefounder(創(chuàng)始人)ofthecompetition,wasinterviewed,hetalkedabouthowhecameupwiththe3._______.Yearsago,hefoundmanysea4.__________diedaftertheyatetherubbishinthesea.Sohestartedtopickuprubbishonhiswaytothebeacheverymorning.“Pickingupapieceofrubbishmaysaveaturtle’s(海龜?shù)?5._____.It’salsoagoodwaytokeepthebeachclean,”Kensaid.problems

idea

animals

life

三、選詞填空(主題：人與自我·臺上十分鐘，臺下十年功難度：★★★★用時：8分鐘)根據(jù)語篇內(nèi)容，從方框中選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，并用其正確形式填空。每個單詞只能用一次。practice

journey

course

actor

weight

skill

pronunciation

foot

time

chanceWhenIwaseightyearsold,IbecameinterestedinBeijingopera.WhenIwatchedthose1._________dancingandsingingbeautifullyonTV,Iwastouched.ItoldmymomthatIwantedtolearnthewonderfulart,actors

andshesentmetotakea(n)2._________inBeijingopera.Iwasveryexcited.Sincethen,I’vebeenonmy3.__________oflearningBeijingoperaforfiveyears.Duringthoseyears,Ihadtowakeupatsixo’clockeverymorningtoimprovethekey4._________，suchaslegexercises,voicetrainingandsoon.Whenpracticinghandstands(倒立),allthe5._________wasonmyarmsandIalmostcried.Andtomakemy6.________________better,Ireadthelinesloudlyandquickly.Itmademymouthhurt,butIdidn’tgiveup.course

journey

skills

weight

pronunciation

Once,Ifelldownandhurtmytwo7._______andkneeswhilepracticing.Thatmadeitdifficultformetogoupanddownstairsforalong8._____．Asthesayinggoes,“Oneminuteonstageneedstenyears’9.________offstage.”AllthehardworkwasworthitwhenIgota(n)10._________toperformBeijingoperainpublic.Lastmonth,IperformedapartfromThe

Drunken

Concubine(《貴妃醉酒》)duringashowonTV.Beijingoperaputstogetherdifferentpartsoftheaterlikewriting,music,paintingandcostumes.Thecharm(魅力)andbeautyofthisartformistimeless(永恒的).feet

time

practice

chance

考點(diǎn)精講試題精練

名詞所有格考點(diǎn)精講1.-’s所有格類別用法例子單數(shù)名詞一般在詞尾加’stheboy’smother這個男孩的母親，Jack’sbook杰克的書，

①____________(yesterday)newspaper昨天的報紙復(fù)數(shù)名詞以-s結(jié)尾的加’these②____________(customer)requirements這些顧客們的要求，twohours’rest兩小時的休息不以-s結(jié)尾的加’sChildren’sDay兒童節(jié)，Women’sDay婦女節(jié)yesterday’s

customers’

類別用法例子表示某物為每個人各自所有各名詞詞尾均需加’sJane’sandLucy’spencils簡的鉛筆和露西的鉛筆表示某物為幾個人共同擁有在最后一個名詞詞尾加’sLucyandLily’sroom露西和莉莉的房間表示某人的家、診所、店鋪等在詞尾加’s,且常常省略其后的名詞myuncle’s我叔叔家，thedoctor