閱讀理解體裁與命題類型分解-2025年上海春季高考英語沖刺總復(fù)習(xí)（解析版）

第08講:閱讀理解體裁與命題類型分解

>知識梳理

一___

【考情鏈接】

高考閱讀理解選材來源廣泛，多源于國外英文圖書、報刊、網(wǎng)絡(luò)媒體，語言地道純正，具有鮮明的語

言文化特點。體裁包括記敘文、說明文、議論文、應(yīng)用文等，涉及科普、社會、文化、地理、歷史、政治、

經(jīng)濟、人文、日常生活等領(lǐng)域。命題主要考查細(xì)節(jié)理解、主旨大意、詞義猜測及推理判斷。

細(xì)節(jié)理解題一般根據(jù)短文提供的信息和事實進行提問，命題人往往通過對文章細(xì)節(jié)加以改寫來考查考

生準(zhǔn)確理解細(xì)節(jié)的能力。細(xì)節(jié)理解題在高考閱讀理解中占有相當(dāng)大的比例，一般包括：直接信息題、間接

信息題。

命題方式：

1)WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtotheinformationinthepassage?

2)Whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned?

3)Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,etc.)...

詞義猜測題也是閱讀理解中經(jīng)常檢測的一種能力。此類題型要求學(xué)生根據(jù)閱讀材料提供的信息，結(jié)合

學(xué)習(xí)中積累的常識和經(jīng)驗對生詞的含義、熟詞生義和短語、句子的含義加以猜測,以及對代詞的指代對象準(zhǔn)

確定位。

命題方式：

1)Theword"ABC”inthepassageprobablymeans.

2)Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraph?

3)Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeans.

4)Theword"it(them)"inthefirstparagraphrefersto.

推理判斷題是高考閱讀理解試題中的重要題型之一，包括判斷和推理兩個方面，屬于主觀題，是閱讀

理解中層次較高的題目，需要在理解原文字面意義的基礎(chǔ)上，通過對語篇邏輯關(guān)系的分析和細(xì)節(jié)的暗示，做

出一定的判斷和推理，從而得出文章的深層意義及隱含意義。推理判斷題主要有以下幾種形式：細(xì)節(jié)推斷

題、文章的來源或讀者對象推斷題、寫作意圖推斷題、觀點態(tài)度題等。

命題方式：

1)Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.

2)Theauthorimplied(suggested)that....

3)Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat.

4)Thewriterindicates/implies/suggeststhat.

主旨大意題考查考生對文章內(nèi)容的深層次理解，它要求考生在充分理解全文的前提下，對整篇文章的

主旨大意有一個較為清晰的印象，既考查細(xì)節(jié)理解能力，又考查深層次的推理、概括能力，難度較大。

命題方式：

1)Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

2)Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

3)What*sthefirst/second/third....paragraphmainlyabout?

4)What*sthemainideadiscussedinthefirst/second/third/..paragraph?

【要點梳理】

一、細(xì)節(jié)理解題：

1.直接信息題

2.間接信息題

3.概括、歸納信息題

【典例】

Ifoundthepre-holidaysagoodtimetoencourageyoungchildrentodonateless-usedthings,anditworked.

Becauseofourefforts,ourdaughterGeorgiadiddecidetodonatealargebagoftoystoalittlegirlwhosemother

wasunabletopayforherholidayduetoillness.Shechosetosellafewlargerobjectsthatwerelessoftenused

whenwepromisedtoputthemoneyintoherschoolfund(基金)(ourkindergartendaughterisseriousabout

becomingadoctor).

33.WhatmadeGeorgiaagreetosellsomeofherobjects?

A.Savingupforherholiday.

B.Raisingmoneyforapoorgirl.

C.Addingthemoneytoherfund.

D.Givingthemoneytoasickmother.

［解題示范］

第一步：定信息區(qū)間

抓關(guān)鍵題干中的關(guān)鍵詞：Georgia,sell,objects

定位：用Georgia,sell,objects尋讀，在文中找到信息源---Shechosetosellafew

鎖信息largerobjectsthatwerelessoftenusedwhenwepromisedtoputthemoneyintoher

schoolfund（基金）（ourkindergartendaughterisseriousaboutbecomingadoctor）.

第二步：比對定答案

選項選項意思定位

A為她的假期儲蓄。曲解文意

B為一個貧困女孩募捐。曲解文意

C把錢放入她的基金。同義替換

D把錢送給一個生病的媽媽。無中生有

［分析］選c比對選項和信息句可知，女兒愿意賣幾件玩具，是因為我們承諾把錢放入她的求學(xué)基

金；選項和原文中均出現(xiàn)fund一詞，故為直接細(xì)節(jié)理解題。故選C。

二、詞義猜測題：

1.根據(jù)定義或上下文解釋進行猜測

2.根據(jù)同位關(guān)系進行猜測

3.根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法（前綴、后綴、派生等）進行猜測

4.根據(jù)因果關(guān)系進行猜測

5.根據(jù)上下文的指代關(guān)系進行猜測

6.根據(jù)同義或近義關(guān)系進行猜測

7.根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系進行猜測

【典例】

IamPeterHodes,avolunteerstemcellcourier.SinceMarch2012,I'vedone89trips-ofthose,51have

beenabroad.Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells（干名田胞）inmylittleboxbecausePvegottwoicepacksandthat's

howlongtheylast.Inall,fromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfromadonor（捐獻者）tothetimetheycanbe

implantedinthepatient,we*vegot72hoursatmost.SoIamalwaysconsciousoftime.

29.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“courier“inParagraph1?

A.providerB.deliveryman

C.collectorD.medicaldoctor

［分析］"avolunteerstemcellcourier"是"PeterHodes”的同位語;根據(jù)文中“Ihave42hourstocarrystem

cells（干細(xì)胞）inmylittlebox”可知，PeterHodes的任務(wù)就是將捐獻者捐獻的干細(xì)胞運送給需要的病人，即作

者是干細(xì)胞遞送員。故選擇B項。

【典例】

[2]Despitethecelebrations,though,intheU.S.thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder,andthe

musichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations.

[3]IfsJasonMoran*sjobtohelpchangethat.AstheKennedyCenter'sartisticadviserforjazz,Moranhopesto

widentheaudienceforjazz,makethemusicmoreaccessible,andpreserveitshistoryandculture.

29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"that"inparagraph3referto?

A.Jazzbecomingmoreaccessible.

B.Theproductionofjazzgrowingfaster.

C.Jazzbeinglesspopularwiththeyoung.

D.Thejazzaudiencebecominglarger.

[分析]根據(jù)語境可知，畫線詞that指代第二段“Despitethecelebrations,though,intheU.S.thejazz

audiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder,andthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations.”的內(nèi)容,

即爵士樂聽眾的數(shù)量減少并且趨于老齡化，不受年輕人喜歡的現(xiàn)狀。故選C。

判斷推理題:

推斷則是指通過對文章進行符合邏輯的綜合分析，推出文章未直接陳述的言外之意。推斷正確與否，

很大程度上取決于是否能正確把握作者潛隱在字里行間的語氣及觀點。推理判斷題主要有以下幾種形式：

細(xì)節(jié)推斷題、文章的來源或讀者對象推斷題、寫作意圖推斷題、觀點態(tài)度題等。

【典例】

Itishardtoimaginethatmanypeoplearestupidenoughtowantchildrenbecauseitlookssofantastic-most

adultsunderstandthatababyisnotahaircut.Butitisinterestingtowonderiftheimagesweseeeveryweekof

stress-free,happiness-enhancingparenthoodaren'tinsomesmall,subconsciouswaycontributingtoourown

dissatisfactionswiththeactualexperience,inthesamewaythatasmallpartofushopedgettingapartoftheway

celebritieslivemightmakeuslookjustalittlebitlikethem.

66.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

A.Havingchildrencontributeslittletotheglamourofcelebritymoms.

B.Celebritymomshaveinfluencedourattitudetowardschildraising.

C.Havingchildrenintensifiesourdissatisfactionwithlife.

D.Wesometimesneglectthehappinessfromchildraising.

【答案】66.B

【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Butitisinterestingtowonderiftheimagesweseeeveryweekof

stress-free,happiness-enhancingparenthoodaren'tinsomesmall,subconsciouswaycontributingtoourown

dissatisfactionswiththeactualexperience,inthesamewaythatasmallpartofushopedgettingapartoftheway

celebritieslivemightmakeuslookjustalittlebitlikethem.（但有趣的是,我們想知道,我們每周看到的無壓力、

提高幸福感的父母形象，是否在某種微小的、潛意識的方式導(dǎo)致了我們對實際體驗的不滿，就像我們中有

一小部分人希望了解名人的生活方式，可能會讓我們看起來有點像他們）”可知，從最后?段可以推斷出明星

媽媽影響了我們對撫養(yǎng)孩子的態(tài)度。故選B。

四、主旨大意題:

1.主題類：文章大意題和段落大意題（概括文章或段落的主旨大意）

2.標(biāo)題類：標(biāo)題判斷題（選擇最佳標(biāo)題）。

【典例】

TerrafugiaInc.saidMondaythatitsnewflyingcarhascompleteditsfirstflight,bringingthecompanycloser

toitsgoalofsellingtheflyingcarwithinthenextyear.Thevehicle——namedtheTransition——hastwoseats,four

wheelsandwingsthatfoldupsoitcanbedrivenlikeacar.TheTransition,whichflewat1,400feetforeight

minuteslastmonth,canreacharound70milesperhourontheroadand115intheair.Itfliesusinga23-gallontank

ofgasandburns5gallonsperhourintheair.Ontheground,itgets35milespergallon.

28.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.ThebasicdataoftheTransition.

B?Theadvantagesofflyingcars.

C.Thepotentialmarketforflyingcars.

D.ThedesignersoftheTransition.

［解題示范］

第一步：讀文章，概括段意

該段沒有主題句，但是從以下幾個方面說明了飛車theTransition的相關(guān)情況:

①制造商：TerrafugiaInc.

②首飛成功：completeditsfirstflight

③上市時間：withinthenextyear

④飛車名字：theTransition

⑤飛車構(gòu)成：twoseats,fourwheelsandwings

⑥飛行時速：around70milesperhourontheroadand115intheair

⑦耗油：5gallonsperhourintheair;Ontheground,35milespergallon

由以上信息可以看出該段主要描述了飛車theTransition的一些基本數(shù)據(jù)。

第二步：析選項，斟酌判斷

飛車theTransition的基本數(shù)據(jù)。

A涵蓋性強，覆蓋全段

A項是對本段內(nèi)容的精煉概括和總結(jié)。

飛車的一些優(yōu)點。

該選項錯誤在于以下兩點：

B①該段介紹了名字為theTransition的飛車；而不是全部無中生有，生搬硬套

飛車(flyingcars)0

②該段列舉的是基本數(shù)據(jù)而不是優(yōu)點。

飛車的潛在市場。

C無中生有，生搬硬套

原文沒有提及。

飛車theTransition的設(shè)計商。

D以偏概全，主次不分

該選項僅僅是文章中的一個方面。

［答案］A

【典例】

Toooften,wemeasureourworthnotbytheresultsweachieve,butbyhowmuchofourtimewespend.Welive

crazylives,atleastinpart,becauseitmakesusfeelgoodaboutourselves.

66.Whatdoesthepassagemainlyconcernedwith?

A.Themeasurementofwealthinthecurrentsociety.

B.Theevolutionofpeople'sattitudetowardsbusyness.

C.Thehiddenreasonsandeffectsofpeople'sbusyness.

D.Thesolutiontoprioritizingthecrucialtasksinbusyness.

【答案】66.C

【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段Toooften,wemeasureourworthnotbytheresultsweachieve,butbyhow

muchofourtimewespend.Welivecrazylives,atleastinpart,becauseitmakesusfeelgoodaboutourselves.“很多

時候，我們衡量自己的價值不是看我們?nèi)〉昧耸裁闯晒?，而是看我們花了多少時間。我們過著瘋狂的生活,

至少在一定程度上是因為它讓我們自我感覺良好?！笨芍疚闹v述的是人們忙碌背后的原因和影響。故

選C。

【典例】

China'spolicyofplantingtreesisHkelyplayingasignificantroleintemperingitsclimateimpacts.An

internationalteamhasidentifiedtwoareasinthecountrywherethescaleofcarbondioxideabsorptionbynewforests

hasbeenunderestimated.Takentogether,theseareasaccountforalittleover35%ofChina'sentirelandcarbon

“sink”,thegroupsays.

66.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.GreenhouseGasEmissionLargelyReduced

B.RolesofCarbonSinksProvedbyNewStudy

C.China'sForestCarbonAbsorptionUnderestimated

D.ClimateImpactsBalancedDuetoChina'sAfforestation

【答案】66.C

【解析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段的“China'spolicyofplantingtreesislikelyplayingasignificant

roleintemperingitsclimateimpacts.Aninternationalteamhasidentifiedtwoareasinthecountrywherethescale

ofcarbondioxideabsorptionbynewforestshasbeenunderestimated.Takentogether,theseareasaccountfora

littleover35%ofChina飛entirelandcarbon"sink”,thegroupsays.（中國的植樹政策可能在緩和氣候影響方面

發(fā)揮了重要作用。一個國際小組已經(jīng)在該國確定了兩個地區(qū)，這些地區(qū)的新森林吸收二氧化碳的規(guī)模被低

估了。該組織稱，這些地區(qū)加起來占中國整個土地碳“匯”的35%多一點。戶可知，本文主要講的是中國森林

碳匯的規(guī)模被低估以及關(guān)于中國森林碳匯的新的研究，因此最好的題目是C選項“China'sForestCarbon

AbsorptionUnderestimated（中國森林碳吸收被低估廣，故選C。

0課堂精練

———

（上師大附中2024學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期中考試）

Ifsnormalforyoungchildrentocheatwhenthey'replayingboardgames.Astheygrowolder,theyrealizethat

thefunisactuallyintakingpartinthegame,notnecessarilyinwinningit.Bythetimetheyreachtheirteens,they

haveusuallylearnednottocheat.Sadly,thiswasnotthecaseforaplayerinanationalboardgamechampionshipheld

annuallyintheUS.Theplayerwantedtowinsomuchthatheturnedtocheating.

TheboardgamewasScrabble.Inthegame,playershavetomakewordsfromindividuallettersonsmallsquares

called“tiles,“andthenputthewordsonaboard.Twoofthemostusefultilesinthegamearetheblanks,whichare

tileswithoutanylettersonthem.Ablankisn'tworthanypoints,butaplayercanuseittoreplaceanyletterofthe

alphabet.

Thecheaterinthisparticularcompetitionwasa15-year-oldboyfromOrlando,Florida.Hehadsurprised

organizersintheearlystagesofthecompetitionbybeatingsomeofthebestplayers,despitethefactthathehadnever

playedincompetitionsbefore.Thismadesomeoftheotherplayerssusuidous,includingthemanwhocaughthim,

43-year-oldArthurMoore.Moorehadalreadyplayedtheboythedaybefore,andMoorehadwonthegame,although

theboyhadhadbothoftheblanktiles.InScrabble,beforeanewgamestarts,theplayersputthetilesfromthe

previousgamebackintoasmallbag.Thistime,Moorehadagoodlookatthetilesonthetablebeforeheandhis

opponentputtheminthebagtostartthegame.Hewasnotsurprisedtoseethatthetwoblanksweretogetheronthe

tableinfrontoftheboy.Asthetwoplayerswereputtingthetilesintothebag.Moorewatchedtheboy'slefthand.He

sawtheboypickupthetwoblanks,andputhishandunderthetable.ThiswasthesignalforMooretocalloneofthe

organizersandaccusetheboyofcheating.

Whentheboywastakenawayforquestioning,headmittedtotakingthetwoblanksduringthegameandhiding

themunderthetable.Asaresultofhischeating,thecompetitiondirectordisqualifiedhimandbannedhimfrom

playinginthecompetitionagain.

36.Accordingtothepassage,whydoyoungchildrencheatinboardgames?

A.Theyareeagertowin.B.Theydislikethegames.

C.Theydon'tknowwhatcheatingis.D.Theydon'twanttotakepartinthegames.

37.WhyarethetwoblanktilesmostusefulinScrabble?

A.Theyarethemostobvioustilesinthegame.

B.Playerscandecidehowmanypointstheyareworth.

C.Playersearnmorepointsiftheyleavethetilesunused.

D.Theycanbeusedwhenplayersdon'thavetherightletter.

38.Theword"suspicious”(inparagraph3)mostprobablymeans"

A.supportiveB.disappointedC.mistrustfulD.honoured

39.Howdidtheboycheat?

A.Byputtingthetilesintohisownbag.B.Byhidingtheblanktilesforfutureuse.

C.Bycooperatingwithhisopponentsecretly.D.Bylyingthathehadneverplayedthegame.

【答案】36.A37.D38.C39.B

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了在美國每年舉辦的一項全國棋盤游戲錦標(biāo)賽中，一個男孩在比賽

中作弊的事件。

[36題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Ifsnormalforyoungchildrentocheatwhenthey'replayingboardgames.Asthey

growolder,theyrealizethatthefunisactuallyintakingpartinthegame,notnecessarilyinwinning孩子在

玩棋盤游戲時作弊是很正常的現(xiàn)象。隨著他們年齡的增長，他們會意識到，游戲的樂趣其實在于參與過程，

而不■定在于獲勝。廣可知，小孩子作弊的原因可能是因為他們渴望獲勝。故選A。

【37題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Ablankisn'tworthanypoints,butaplayercanuseittoreplaceanyletterofthe

alphabet.（空白塊本身沒有分?jǐn)?shù)，但玩家可以用它來代替字母表中的任何字母。）”可知，在《拼字游戲》中，

當(dāng)玩家沒有正確的字母來完成一個單詞時，空白塊可以用來代替任何字母，因此它們是最有用的。故選D。

【38題詳解】

詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞所在句“Thismadesomeoftheotherplayerssuspicious,（這讓其他選手產(chǎn)生了。）“

可推測，這讓其他選手產(chǎn)生了某種情緒。再根據(jù)下文“includingthemanwhocaughthim,43-year-oldArthur

Moore.（包括發(fā)現(xiàn)他作弊的43歲ArthurMoore在內(nèi)）”可推測，ArthurMoore抓住他作弊，由此可知，其他選

手產(chǎn)生了懷疑。由此可知，劃線單詞和“懷疑的”意思相似。選項A"supportive（支持的）”；選項B"disappointed（失

望的）”；選項C"mistrustfiil（不信任的廣；選項D“honoured（榮幸的廣。故選C。

【39題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Hesawtheboypickupthetwoblanks,andputhishandunderthetable.Thiswas

thesignalforMooretocalloneoftheorganizersandaccusetheboyofcheating.（他看見男孩拿起了兩個空白塊，

并把手放在了桌子下面。這就是摩爾叫來一位組織者，指責(zé)男孩作弊。戶以及第四段“Whentheboywastaken

awayforquestioning,headmittedtotakingthetwoblanksduringthegameandhidingthemunderthetable.Asa

resultofhischeating,thecompetitiondirectordisqualifiedhimandbannedhimfromplayinginthecompetition

again.（當(dāng)男孩被帶走問話時，他承認(rèn)在游戲過程中拿走了兩個空白塊,并將它們藏在了桌子下面。由于作弊，

比賽主管取消了他的參賽資格，并禁止他再次參加這項比賽。）”可知，男孩的作弊方式是把空白塊藏起來以

備后用。故選B。

（市西中學(xué)2024學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期中考試）

Knowhowmuchtotip

Newrulesofgratuities

Thepandemichasbeenparticularlyhardonpeoplewhoworkfortips.Somehavenbeenabletodotheirjobsat

all,whileothersdon'tinteractwithcustomersthesameway.Ineithercase,tipsdriedup,causingalotofpeopleto

suffer.Meanwhile,manycustomersfelttheneedtotipmorebecauseofthenewrisksandhardshipsthatessential

serviceworkerssuddenlyfaced.

Justasmanyserviceshavechanged,soshouldtipping.Someoldstandardsnolongerseemfair,andseveral

neweroneswillapplylongafterthepandemicisover.

Somenewrulesoftippingthatarelikelyheretostay:

Thinkoutsidethe(cash)box.Treatbusinessowners

Givemoreifyoucan.

Youcanalso"tip"withadifferently.

Ifscommonfortipstobedivided

thank-younoteorahomemadegiftApracticeofthepast,

betweenalltheworkersatastoreor

whenabusiness(oryourbudget)tippingthebossseparatelyisno

restaurant,notjustthosewhointeract

doesn'tpermitgratuities.Considerlongernecessary.Butifshe

directlywithcustomers.Sogiving

writingareviewonline,makingsuretoservesyou,tipherasyouwould

generouslyensuresafairertipforall.

namenames.anyofherworkers.

Asforspecificsituations,here'swhattheexpertsrecommend:

FOODANDDRINKS

Restaurantworkers

Oldrule:Leaveatiponlywhenyoudinein.

Newrule:Alwaystip,evenfortakeout.

Tip:15to20percentwhenyoudinein,and10to15percentontakeoutordeliveryorders.

Personalshoppers

Oldrule:N/A(Notapplicable).Manyoftheseservices,suchasgrocerypickup,arenewer.

Newrule:Tip,anddoitintheapp,sinceyouareunlikelytointeractdirectlywithyourshopper.

Tip:10to15percent.Ifatipisalreadyincluded,addafewdollarsextra.

HOMEDELIVERIES

Packagedeliverydrivers

Oldrule:Don'ttip.

Newrule:Showappreciationifyougetdeliveriesmorethanonceaweek.

Tip：Drinks,snacks,or$5to$20ifapackageisparticularlyheavyorlarge.Postalworkerscannotacceptcashorgifts

worthmorethan$50peryear.UPStellsdriverstodeclinetipsunlessacustomerinsists.AndFedExprohibits

employeesfromacceptingcashorcashequivalents(suchasgiftcards).

Flowerdeliverydrivers

Oldrule:Thepersonwhoplacestheordertipsthosewhodeliverflowers(andotherspecialtyitems).

Newrule:Youcan'tassumethegiftgiveralreadytipped,soifyou'reluckyenoughtogetsuchadelivery,passthe

goodwillalongintheformofatip.

Tip:$5to$10.

PERSONALSERVICES

Ride-sharedrivers

Oldrule:Tipincash.

Newrule:Askyourdriver.TheLyftandUberappsletyouaddgratuities,butsomedriversprefercash.

Tip:15to20percent.

40.Newrulesoftippingarerecommendedbecause.

A.thepandemichasdrivenmanybusinessestofinancialruin

B.somepeoplehavetoworkfromhomewithoutinteraction

C.customersdismisstheoldstandardsasunfairtothemselves

D.someoldtippingstandardscan'thelpsomeserviceworkersoutnow

41.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?

A.Tipeveryworkerfairlyincasesomemaykeepthemoneytohimself.

B.Themoreyoutip,thebetterserviceyouwillreceive.

C.Writingareviewonlineishighlyrecommendedtoexpressgratitude.

D.Thereisnoneedtotipthebossbecausehedoesn'tprovideanyservice.

42.didbestintippingaccordingtotherecommendedrules.

NameSituationTip

Ginnaorderaroastgoose($50)atKam'sRoastsfortakeout$0forthewaiter

JoantakeadeliveryofapackagefromFedEx(bottledwater,500ml,24-pack)$10fortheFedExdeliveryman

SusanreceiveabunchofflowersdeliveredbyaFlowerPlusdriver$5(cash)forthegardener

LinntakeaUber($15)fromStVincent'sHospitaltotheCentralLibrary$3(cash)forthedriver

A.GinnaB.JoanC.SusanD.Linn

【答案】40.D41.C42.D

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹小費的新規(guī)定及一些行業(yè)的小費新規(guī)定。

【40題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Thepandemichasbeenparticularlyhardonpeoplewhoworkfortips.Somehaven't

beenabletodotheirjobsatall,whileothersdon'tinteractwithcustomersthesameway.Ineithercase,tipsdried

up,causingalotofpeopletosuffer.Meanwhile,manycustomersfelttheneedtotipmorebecauseofthenewrisks

andhardshipsthatessentialserviceworkerssuddenlyfaced.(新冠對依靠小費工作的人來說尤其艱難。有些人根

本無法完成他們的工作，而另一些人則無法以相同的方式與顧客互動。無論哪種情況，小費都會枯竭，導(dǎo)

致很多人受苦。與此同時，因為基本服務(wù)人員突然面臨新的風(fēng)險和困難，許多顧客覺得有必要給更多的小

費。廣可知，新冠使服務(wù)人員工作艱難，一些舊的小費標(biāo)準(zhǔn)現(xiàn)在無法幫助一些服務(wù)人員。所以建議使用新的

小費規(guī)則，幫助服務(wù)人員應(yīng)對困難，故選D。

[41題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Thinkoutsidethe(cash)box.部分"Youcanalso"tip"withathank-younoteorahomemadegift

whenabusiness(oryourbudget)doesn'tpermitgratuities.Considerwritingareviewonline,makingsuretoname

names”當(dāng)公司或你的預(yù)算不允許給小費時，你也可以用感謝信或自制禮物?？紤]在線撰寫評論，確保署名。廣

可知，可以在線撰寫評論以表達感激之情。故C項正確。根據(jù)Givemoreifyoucan.部分“It，scommonfortips

tobedividedbetweenalltheworkersatastoreorrestaurant,notjustthosewhointeractdirectlywithcustomers.

(通常，小費分配給商店或餐廳的所有員工，而不僅僅是直接與客戶互動的員工。廠可知，小費分配給所有

員工，但文章并未說明為什么這樣做，故排除A項。根據(jù)Treatbusinessownersdifferently.部分“Apracticeof

thepast,tippingthebossseparatelyisnolongernecessary.Butifsheservesyou,tipherasyouwouldanyofher

workers.(過去的做法，不再需要單獨給老板小費。但是，如果她為你服務(wù)，就像你給她的工人一樣給她小

費。廠可知，如果老板為你服務(wù)，你需要給老板小費，故D項錯誤。文章未提及B項內(nèi)容。故選C。

【42題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Restaurantworkers部分"Tip:15to20percentwhenyoudinein,and10to15percenton

takeoutordeliveryorders.（小費：堂食時為15%至20%,外賣或外賣訂單為10%至15%。）“可知，訂外賣需

要給工作人員小費，A項錯誤。根據(jù)Packagedeliverydrivers部分“AndFedExprohibitsemployeesfrom

acceptingcashorcashequivalents（suchasgiftcards）.（聯(lián)邦快遞禁止員工接受現(xiàn)金或現(xiàn)金等價物，如禮品卡。

可知，無需給聯(lián)邦快遞員工小費，B項錯誤。根據(jù)Flowerdeliverydrivers部分“Youcan'tassumethegiftgiver

alreadytipped,soifyou'reluckyenoughtogetsuchadelivery,passthegoodwillalongintheformofatip.（你不

能假設(shè)送禮者已經(jīng)給小費了，所以如果你有幸收到這樣的快遞，請以小費的形式傳遞善意。）”可知，需要給

送花人小費，而不是給園丁小費，C項錯誤。根據(jù)Ride-sharedrivers部分“Tip:15to20percent.（小費：15%

至20%）”可知，需要給司機15%到20%的小費。即$15*15%=$2.25/$15*20%=3$。D項正確，故選D。

課后反饋

模擬基礎(chǔ)練

記敘文或新聞報道類

（2024年青浦區(qū)二模）

Iwassittinginmyhighschoolclassroom,nervouslytappingmypencilagainstthedeskasIawaitedthestartof

theEnglishexam.

Astheclockstruck,signalingthebeginningoftheexam,myheartbegantorace.Iopenedtheexambookletand

scannedthequestions,andIfeltawaveofpanicoverme.Thequestionsseemedforeign,andthetopicsunfamiliar.In

astateofpanic,Ihurriedlywrotedownmyanswers,hopingthatsomehow,bysomestrokeofluck,theywouldbe

correct.Butastheminuteswentby,IrealizedIcouldn'tseemtomakesenseofthequestionsbeforeme.Asthefinal

bellrang,Ihandedinmypaperwithaheavyheart.

Inthedaysthatfollowed,Icouldn'tshakethefeelingoffailurethathungovermelikeadarkcloud.Ireplayed

theexamoverandoverinmymind,analyzingeveryquestion,everyanswer,searchingforcluesastowhereIhad

gonewrong.

Butinthedepression,arealizationbegantodawnonme-Ihadfailed,yes,butIhadalsolearnedvaluable

lessonsalongtheway.Armedwiththisnewfoundwisdom,IensuredthatIwoulddobetternexttime.Ithrewmyself

intomystudieswithreneweddetermination,devonringbooksandpracticingpastexamswithaneagernessIhad

neverknownbefore.

Whenthetimecametoretaketheexam,Iwasready.Iapproachedeachquestionwithconfidenceandclarity,

drawinguponthelessonsIhadlearnedfrommypreviousmissteps.

Whentheresultswereannounced,IheldmybreathasIscannedthelistofnames.Andthereitwas-myname,

shiningbrightlyamongthelistofsuccessfulcandidates.Atthatmoment,allthehardwork,allthelatenightsand

earlymornings,wereworthit.

AndasIlookbackonthatsunnyafternooninthehighschoolclassroom,Iamgratefulforthelessonsittaught

me,andthepersonithelpedmebecome.

56.Whydidtheauthorpanicwhenhefirsttooktheexam?

A.Hesatwithapoundingheart.

B.Hefoundthequestionstoodifficult.

C.Hewasnotfamiliarwiththeforeignlanguage.

D.Hewasinahurrywhenansweringthequestions.

57.Whatdidtheauthordoafterhefailedintheexam?

A.Heattendedvaluablelessonsinschool.

B.Heretooktheexamoverandoveragain.

C.Hepromisedtoarmhimselfwitheagerness.

D.Hedeterminedtoengagehimselfinlearning.

58.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“devouring''(paragraph4)?

A.beingtargetedatB.beingobligedfor

C.beingabsorbedinD.beingcreditedto

59.Accordingtothepassage,thisexperiencehelpedtheauthorbecome.

A.cheerfulandconsiderateB.objectiveanddemanding

C.toughandperseveringD.proudandtolerant

【答案】56.B57.D58.C59.C

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了作者從一次考試失敗的經(jīng)歷中變得堅韌不拔的故事。

[56題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段中"Iopenedtheexambookletandscannedthequestions,andIfeltawaveofpanic

overme.Thequestionsseemedforeign,andthetopicsunfamiliar.（我打開考試手冊，瀏覽了一下問題，我感到

一陣恐慌。這些問題似乎很陌生，話題也很陌生。戶可知，他覺得這些問題太難了，所以參加考試時驚慌失

措。故選B。

【57題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第四段中"Ithrewmyselfintomystudieswithreneweddetermination,devouringbooksand

practicingpastexamswithaneagernessIhadneverknownbefore.（我以全新的決心投入到學(xué)習(xí)中，如饑似渴地

啃書本，以前所未有的熱情復(fù)習(xí)過去的考試。戶可知，作者考試不及格后決心專心學(xué)習(xí)。故選D。

[58題詳解】

詞句猜測題。由文章第四段中"Ithrewmyselfintomystudieswithreneweddetermination（我以全新的決心投入

到學(xué)習(xí)中）”可知，作者以全新的決心投入到學(xué)習(xí)中，全神貫注于書本，以前所未有的熱情復(fù)習(xí)過去的考試。

劃線詞的含義為“全神貫注于"。A.beingtargetedat針對；B.beingobligedfor因某事而感謝；C.beingabsorbed

in全神貫注于；D.beingcreditedto歸功于。故選Co

[59題詳解】

推理判斷題。由文章第四段"Butinthedepression,arealizationbegantodawnonme一Ihadfailed,yes,butI

hadalsolearnedvaluablelessonsalongtheway.Armedwiththisnewfoundwisdom,IensuredthatIwoulddo

betternexttime.Ithrewmyselfintomystudieswithreneweddetermination,devouringbo