2024-2025學(xué)年高中英語Unit21HumanBiologyGrammar課時(shí)作業(yè)北師大版選修7

Unit21HumanBiology課時(shí)作業(yè)18Grammar語法專練(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與虛擬語氣)Ⅰ.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞1．Wecan'timaginethattwochildren________bekilledbythewashingmachineoftheirhouse.2．Oneofourrulesisthateverystudent________wearschooluniformwhileatschool.3．You________getthemachinerepairedthisweek.Iwon'tneedituntilnextmonth.4．—Thesegrapeslookreallybeautiful.—They________！Seetheprice$3.99apound.Veryexpensive,aren'tthey?5．—Thedeadlineisdrawingnear,butIfailedtochallengethetaskathirdtime.—________mybrotherhaveatry?6．Liza________wellnotwanttogoonthetrip—shehatestraveling.7．—DoyouknowwhereDavidis?Icouldn'tfindhimanywhere.—Well,he________havegonefar—hiscoat'sstillhere.8．—WillthebookIorderedarriveontime?—It________，ifthereisnotrafficjam.9．You________haveboughtthebookforme,butthankyouallthesame.10．—HaveyouheardofthenewsthatBritain'sformerPrimeMinister,BaronessThatcher,diedonApril18?—Yes.________sherestinpeace.答案與解析1．should句意：我們無法想象兩個(gè)孩子竟然被家里的洗衣機(jī)絞死了。should表示“竟然”。2．shall句意：我們的規(guī)定之一是學(xué)生在學(xué)校時(shí)須要穿校服。在明文規(guī)定中，常運(yùn)用shall來表示規(guī)定做的事情。3．needn't句意：這周你不必請人修這臺機(jī)器。到下個(gè)月我才用呢。依據(jù)題干中“Iwon'tneedituntilnextmonth.”可推知設(shè)空處表示“不必”。4．should句意：——這些葡萄看起來很美麗?！鼈儜?yīng)當(dāng)這樣！看價(jià)錢，3.99美元一磅，太貴了，是不是？依據(jù)句意可以猜出葡萄看起來好是應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)?，因?yàn)閮r(jià)格貴。5．Shall句意：——截止日期接近，但是我又一次挑戰(zhàn)這項(xiàng)任務(wù)失敗?！屛业牡艿茉囈幌驴梢詥幔靠疾榍閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞。shall用于第三人稱疑問句表示征求對方的看法。6．may/might句意：莉莎很可能不想去旅游——她厭煩旅游。依據(jù)設(shè)空處后的well可知本空填may或might。may/mightwelldosth.＝beverylikelytodosth.意為：很可能做某事。7．can't/couldn't句意：——你知道戴維在哪兒嗎？我到處找他都找不到?！?，他不行能走遠(yuǎn)，因?yàn)樗耐馓走€在這里。can't/couldn'thavedonesth.不行能做過某事。8．should句意：——我訂購的那本書會(huì)按時(shí)到貨嗎？——假如不交通堵塞的話，應(yīng)當(dāng)會(huì)。依據(jù)“ifthereisnotrafficjam”可推知設(shè)空處表示“應(yīng)當(dāng)”。9．needn't句意：你原來沒必要為我買這本書的，不過還是要感謝你。依據(jù)butthankyouallthesame可知此處表示“本沒必要買但是買了”。10．May句意：——你聽說英國前首相撒切爾夫人在4月18日逝世的消息了嗎？——聽說了。愿她安眠。may但愿，表示祝福。又如：Mayyoubothbehappy！祝你們倆華蜜！Ⅱ.虛擬語氣1．—It________(be)coolifIwonthiscontest.Idon'tthinkI'mgoodenough,though.—Giveitashot.Youneverknow.2．—Didyoumakeitatlast?—Yes.Butforyourhelp,it________(cause)aseriousloss.3．—Maxlooksnervous.—So________youifyouhadsofierceacompetition.4．—It'sashamethatyoumissedthelectureontheBritishculturegivenbyThompson.—I________(attend)it,butIwasbusypreparingforthecomingexam.5．Theycouldhaveescapedfromthebigfire,butunfortunately,someone________(lock)thedoor.6．—OurcompanywillorganizeatriptoHongKongnextmonth.Iamtakingmymotherthere.—I'dratheryou________(do).Afterallshehasjustrecoveredfromherillnessandshestillfeelsweak.7．We________(finish)theprojectontimewithoutyourtimelyhelp.8．IftheworldhadendedonDec.21st,2012,we________(be)abletoenjoythewonderfullifenow.9．TheAntarcticissomysticallydescribedbysomepeople.IfonlyI________(be)therebefore!10．IwishI________(share)thecarjourneyhomewithmyfriends.Nowtheyarewatchingthefootballmatchathome.答案與解析1．wouldbe——我要是能贏這場競賽就太好了。但是我想我不夠精彩。——試試看，很難說。通過句意和won得知，本句為表示將來的虛擬，所以設(shè)空處填wouldbe。2．would/couldhavecaused句意：——最終你勝利了嗎？——是的，要不是你的幫助，將/可能會(huì)有很大的損失?？疾樘摂M語氣。本句為與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，所以可用should/would/could/mighthavedone的形式。但should常用于第一人稱，might常用于可能性很小。3．would句意：——馬克斯看上去很驚慌。——假如是你參與這么激烈的競賽，你也會(huì)驚慌的。本句中主句和if條件從句都表示和現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，可改為：Youwouldalsolooknervousifyouhadsofierceacompetition.然后考慮采納“so＋be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋主語”句型替換主句形式。4．would/shouldhaveattended句意：——真缺憾你錯(cuò)過了湯普森所作的有關(guān)英國文化的講座?！冶鞠?應(yīng)當(dāng)參與的，但是我正忙于準(zhǔn)備即將到來的考試。依據(jù)題干中的wasbusy可知設(shè)空處表示與過去事實(shí)相反，故答案為would/shouldhaveattended。5．hadlocked句意：他們本可以從大火中逃出來，但不幸的是，有人把門鎖上了。依據(jù)題干中“couldhaveescaped”可推斷該句為與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣，故設(shè)空處表示過去；lock先于couldhaveescaped，即表示“過去的過去”，故用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)。6．didn't句意：——我們公司下個(gè)月將組織到香港旅游，我準(zhǔn)備帶我媽媽去那里?！覍幙赡悴粠?，終歸她剛剛從病中復(fù)原，身體還很虛弱。wouldrather接從句的時(shí)候，從句的謂語用一般過去時(shí)表示對現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼奶摂M。7．wouldn't/couldn'thavefinished句意：假如沒有你的剛好幫助，我們就不能按時(shí)完成那項(xiàng)工程了。withoutyourtimelyhelp相當(dāng)于含蓄條件從句，即ifithadn'tbeenforyourtimelyhelp，是和過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣，故句子謂語動(dòng)詞用wouldn't/couldn'thavedone形式。8．wouldn'tbe句意：假如世界在2012年12月21日滅亡了的話，我們現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)享受精彩的生活了。if從句與過去事實(shí)相反，而主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，故答案為wouldn'tbe。9．hadbeen句意：南極地區(qū)被一些人描述得很奇妙。我要是去過那里就好了！Ifonly＋句子(過去完成時(shí))，表示與過去相反的假設(shè)。10．hadshared句意：我要是和摯友拼車回家就好了?，F(xiàn)在他們都在家看足球賽了。在Iwish后的賓語從句中，假如表示與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，時(shí)態(tài)要用過去完成時(shí)。Ⅰ.閱讀理解“Plantswereexpectedtogetlargerwithincreasedcarbondioxideintheatmosphere,butchangesintemperature,humidityandnutrientavailabilityseemtohavetrumpedthebenefitsofincreasedcarbondioxide，”saidresearchersfromtheNationalUniversityofSingapore.45percentofthespeciesstudiednowreachsmalleradultsizesthantheydidinthepast.Theresearcherspointedoutthatwarmertemperaturesandchanginghabitats,causedbyclimatechange,arepossiblereasonsforshrinkingcreatures.“Wedonotyetknowthemechanismsinvolved,orwhysomeorganismaregettingsmallerwhileothersareunaffected，”theresearcherssaid.“Untilweunderstandmore,wecouldberiskingnegativeconsequencesthatwecan'tyetquantify.”Thechangewasbigincold-bloodedanimals.Onlytwodecadesofwarmertemperatureswereenoughtomakereptiles(爬行動(dòng)物)smaller.Anincreaseof1degreecentigradecausednearlya10percentincreaseinmetabolism(新陳代謝)．Greateruseofenergyresultedintinytortoisesandlittlelizards.Fisharesmallernowtoo.Thoughoverfishinghasplayedapartinreducingnumbers,experimentsshowthatwarmertemperaturesalsostopfishgrowth.Thereisarecentreportonwarmertemperatures'negativeeffectsonplankton(浮游生物),thebaseofthemarineecosystem.Warm-bloodedanimalsweren'timmunefromthesizechangecausedbyclimatechange.Manybirdsarenowsmaller.Mammalshavebeenminiaturizedtoo.Soaysheeparethinner.Reddeerareweaker.Andpolarbearsaresmaller，comparedwithhistoricalrecords.ThisisnotthefirsttimethishashappenedinEarth'shistory.55millionyearsago,awarmingeventsimilartothecurrentclimatechangecausedbees,spidersandantstoshrinkby50to75percentoverseveralthousandyears.Thateventhappenedoveralongtimethanthecurrentclimatechange.Thespeedofmodernclimatechangecouldmeanorganismsmaynotrespondoradaptquicklyenough,especiallythosewithlonggenerationtimes.So，itislikelythatmorenegativeinfluencesofclimatechangewillbeshowninfuture.1．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．Whydosomespeciesbecomesmaller?B．HowdoestemperaturechangeinEarth'shistory?C．Climatechangehasmanynegativeeffects.D．Speciesbecomesmallerasclimatewarms.2．Theunderlinedword“trumped”inthefirstparagraphcanbereplacedby________.A．beaten B．increasedC．strengthened D．equaled3．ResearchersfromtheNationalUniversityofSingaporebelievethat________.A．toomanystudiesonanimals'sizehavebeendoneB．a(chǎn)lltheanimalsontheearthhavebecomesmallerC．howclimatechangeaffectsanimals'sizehasnotbeenfoundclearlyD．climatechangehasmorenegativeeffectsonwarm-bloodedanimals4．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Birdhavesufferedmorefromclimatechangethanfish.B．Climatechangehaveevenaffectedplanktonnegatively.C．Cold-bloodedanimalsbecomesmallerbecauseofthelackoffood.D．ThewarmingeventhasneverhappenedinEarth'shistorybefore.答案與解析1．D標(biāo)題歸納題。從全文內(nèi)容歸納可知D項(xiàng)為最佳標(biāo)題。2．A詞義揣測題。從第一段內(nèi)容可知trumped的含義為beaten(戰(zhàn)勝)。3．C細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。從第三段內(nèi)容可知C項(xiàng)正確。4．B推理推斷題。從第四段最終一句Thereisarecentreportonwarmertemperatures'negativeeffectsonplankton(浮游生物)．..可知B項(xiàng)正確。Ⅱ.完形填空Ioftenreadofincidentsofmisunderstandingorconflict.I'mleft__1__.Whydothesepeoplecreatemistrustandproblems,especiallywiththosefromother__2__？IwasgrowingupinKualaLumpurintheearly1960s,__3__childrenfromdifferentracesandreligionsplayedandstudied__4__inharmony.Atthattimemyfamilylivedastone's__5__fromIsmail's.AndnoonewasbotheredthatIsmailwasaMalayMuslimandIwasanIndianHindu—wejust__6__ourdifferences.Perhaps,oureldershadnotfilledourheadswithunnecessaryadvice,well__7__orotherwise.Wewereninewhenwebecamefriends.Duringtheschoolholidays,we'd__8__thecountrysideonourbicycles,hopingto__9__theunexpected.AttimesIsmailwouldaccompanymyfamilyaswemadearareshoppingtriptotown.Wewouldbegladofhis__10__.WhenIwastwelve,myfamilymovedtoJohor.Ismail'sfamilylaterreturnedtotheirvillage,andI__11__touchwithhim.Onespringafternoonin1983,IstoppedataxiinKualaLumpur.I__12__mydestination.Thedriveracknowledgedmy__13__butdidnotmoveoff.Instead,helooked__14__atme.“Raddar？”hesaid,usingmychildhoodnickname(外號).Iwasastonishedatbeingso__15__addressed(稱呼).Unexpectedly!ItwasIsmail!Evenaftertwo__16__westillrecognizedeachother.Graspinghisshoulder,Ifeltatrueaffection,something__17__todescribe.Ifwecanallowourchildrentobe__18__withoutprejudice,they'llbuildfriendshipswithpeople,regardlessofraceorreligion,whowillbe__19__theirsidethroughthickandthin.Onsuchfriendshipsaresocietiesbuiltand__20__wecantrulybe,asWilliamShakespeareoncewrote，“wehappyfew,webandofbrothers.”1．A.interested B．pleasedC．puzzled D．excited2．A.parties B．citiesC．villages D．races3．A.why B．whichC．how D．when4．A.together B．a(chǎn)roundC．a(chǎn)lone D．a(chǎn)part5．A.drop B．throwC．move D．roll6．A.refused B．madeC．sought D．a(chǎn)ccepted7．A.paid B．meantC．preserved D．treated8．A.explore B．searchC．discover D．desert9．A.getthrough B．dealwithC．comeacross D．takeaway10．A.arrival B．choiceC．effort D．company11．A.lost B．gainedC．developed D．missed12．A.stated B．orderedC．decided D．chose13．A.attempts B．instructionsC．opinions D．a(chǎn)rrangements14．A.anxiously B．carelesslyC．disappointedly D．fixedly15．A.familiarly B．strangelyC．fully D．coldly16．A.departures B．monthsC．years D．decades17．A.possible B．funnyC．hard D．clear18．A.them B．themselvesC．us D．ourselves19．A.from B．byC．with D．a(chǎn)gainst20．A.still B．otherwiseC．then D．instead答案與解析本文是一篇夾敘夾議的記敘文，主要敘述了從小作者和摯友雖然種族信仰不同，但他們求同存異和諧相處，多年未見依舊相親如故，最終文章升華，號召大家都這樣去做。1．C句后的Why反映了作者的迷惑，故答案用puzzled。2．Drace人種，種族，3空后有照應(yīng)，做完形特殊要留意前后照應(yīng)這一點(diǎn)。3．D此處when引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，說明那個(gè)時(shí)候不同信仰不同種族的孩子們和諧相處。4．Atogether表示一起。5．Bastone'sthrow直譯為扔一塊石頭那么遠(yuǎn)的距離，現(xiàn)在常作固定詞組，意為“一步之遙，近在咫尺”。6．D上文中提到我們宗教信仰和種族不同但我們和平相處求同存異，所以此處用accept表示相互接受彼此的不同信仰。7．Bwellmeant亦是固定詞組，意為“善意好心”，或許祖先并未在我們腦子里打上烙印什么好什么不好。8．A我們會(huì)騎著自行車去鄉(xiāng)下探險(xiǎn)，explore意為“冒險(xiǎn)，探險(xiǎn)”。9．Ccomeacross等同于meetwith，意為“偶然遇到”。本空結(jié)合上句，去鄉(xiāng)村探險(xiǎn)期望偶遇不同尋常的東西。10．D我們很興奮他的陪伴(company)。11．Alosetouchwithsb.和某人失去聯(lián)絡(luò)，因?yàn)槲覀兌及崃思?，故失去了?lián)系。12．A攔下了出租車先要說明目的地，state陳述，說明。13．B我是乘客是上帝，故用instructions，即司機(jī)明白了我的指令。14．D由于驚異應(yīng)是聚精會(huì)神，不行思議，難以想象。用fixedly“盯著看”合乎語境。15．A被叫了小名，所以作者在異鄉(xiāng)被如此熟識地稱呼也是很驚訝。familiarly熟識地。16．Ddecade十年，從其次段的1960s到本段的1983也可粗略得出應(yīng)是二十多年過去了。17．C彼此一種真正的關(guān)愛卻很難用語言描述的東西。18．B照應(yīng)前面的孩子，假如我們能讓孩子做他們自己，彼此沒有偏見卑視。19．Bbyone'sside站在某人一邊，支持某人。20．Cthen然后，隨后，用于承接上文，建立這樣的和諧社會(huì)，那樣我們會(huì)很華蜜，是好兄弟。Ⅲ.語法填空Rachel：Wewillgoonanoutingnextweekend.Wouldyouliketogowithus?Michael：Iwillbefreethen.__1__areyougoing?Rachel：Ithinkwe'llgototheWesternHill.Yousee,it'sspringnow.Therearewildflowerseverywhere.Michael：Goodidea.That'sa__2__(love)place.Wecanalsoenjoyfreshairhere.Thereisabeautifulriver.AndIheartherearealotoffishinit.Itwillbeaniceplacefor__3__(fish)．Rachel：Soyoucangofishing__4__yougetthere.Michael：Wonderfulidea!Rachel：Bytheway,__5__doyouthinkweshouldgothere?Michael：Ithinkwe'd__6__(good)gotherebybikesothatwecanrelaxbetter.Youknowweare__7__(stress)allthetime.Whenshallwestartoff?Rachel：__8__(person),IthinkweshouldsetoutathalfpastsevenonSaturdaymorningiftheweatherisfine.Michael：I'lltell__9__wholeclassaboutitthisafternoonsothatmoreclassmateswilljoin__10__.Rachel：Goodidea.Ithinkmanymorestudentswouldlovetogo.Michael：Ithinkso.答案與解析1．Where依據(jù)答句可知用where。2．lovely形容詞作定語。3．fishing動(dòng)名詞作賓語。4．whenwhen引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，意為“當(dāng)……時(shí)”。5．how依據(jù)答句中的bybike可知用how提問。6．betterwe'dbetterdosth.我們最好做某事。7．stressedarestressed處于壓力之中。8．Personally副詞作狀語。9．thethewholeclass全班。10．u