廣東省陽(yáng)江市2023-2024學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期1月期末考試英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1廣東省陽(yáng)江市2023-2024學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期1月期末英語(yǔ)試題第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)ATopScientificBreakthroughsin2023Thepaceofinnovationneverslows,andtheimpactofthebreakthroughswillredefinethewaywelive,workandconnectwiththeworld.ANewEraforSpaceExplorationSpaceexplorationisoneofthecoremissionsinmanycountries.Recently,thenewestmissiontothemoonwaslaunchedasNASA’sArtemisProgram,whichwouldpavethewayforafuturemissiontoMars.Thisneweraofspaceexplorationwilldrivetechnologicaladvancementsinfieldsbeyondastronauticsandstimulateprogressinreal-worldapplicationslikematerials,foodscience,andmodernindustry.AMilestoneinAIPredictionsFordecades,thescientificcommunityhaschasedagreaterunderstandingofrelationshipsbetweenproteinfunctionsand3Dstructures.InJuly2023,DeepMindrevealedthatthefolded3Dstructureofaproteinmolecule(分子),whichreducedthenumberofhumanproteinswithunknownstructuraldatafrom4,800tojust29.WhiletherewillalwaysbechallengeswithAI,theabilitytopredictproteinstructuresinbiologyhasimplicationsacrossalllifesciences.GreenerFertilizerProductionEveryyear,billionsofpeopledependonfertilizersfortheongoingproductionoffood,andreducingthecarbonfootprintandexpensesinfertilizerproductionwouldreshapetheimpactagriculturehasonemissions.Toreduceenergyrequirements,researchersfromTokyoTechhavedevelopedanoble-metal-freecatalyst(催化劑),whichismuchmoreenvironmentallyfriendlyandsafertotheagriculturalproduces.Supercomputer—ExascaleExascalecomputers,whichcanperformamind-bogglingquintillion(1018)mathematicaloperationspersecond,finallyarrivedin2023.They’vealreadyhelpedrefineweatherforecastsanddesignnewmaterials,andnewoneswillbecomingonlinesoon.Theworld’smostpowerfulsupercomputers,operatingatthefarfrontierofspeedknownastheexascale,havenowbeguntoboom.Theseresultsfromexascalemachinescomingonlineinthenextfewyearspromisetoopenanewwindowintomaterials,climatescience,andmedicine.Tostayaheadofemergingtrends,newdiscoveriesanduniqueperspectives,weinviteyoutosubscribetoCASInsights!1.WhatdotheSpaceExplorationandFertilizerProductionhaveincommon?A.Theytakealotoftime. B.Theymakeinfluenceonthefood.C.Theyneedgovernmentcooperation. D.Theycostabigsumofmoneytomaintain.2.Whichaspecthasacloseconnectionwithbiology?A.ANewEraforSpaceExploration. B.AMilestoneinAIPredictions.C.GreenerFertilizerProduction. D.Supercomputers—Exascale.3.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A.Atextbook. B.Anexampaper. C.Amagazine. D.Asciencefiction.【答案】1.B2.B3.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章簡(jiǎn)要介紹了四項(xiàng)2023年的重大科學(xué)突破?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ANewEraforSpaceExploration中“Thisneweraofspaceexplorationwilldrivetechnologicaladvancementsinfieldsbeyondastronauticsandstimulateprogressinreal-worldapplicationslikematerials,foodscience,andmodernindustry.(這個(gè)太空探索的新時(shí)代將推動(dòng)航天以外領(lǐng)域的技術(shù)進(jìn)步，并刺激其在現(xiàn)實(shí)世界應(yīng)用方面的進(jìn)步，如材料、食品科學(xué)和現(xiàn)代工業(yè))”和GreenerFertilizerProduction中“Everyyear,billionsofpeopledependonfertilizersfortheongoingproductionoffood,andreducingthecarbonfootprintandexpensesinfertilizerproductionwouldreshapetheimpactagriculturehasonemissions.(每年，數(shù)十億人依靠化肥生產(chǎn)糧食，減少碳足跡和化肥生產(chǎn)費(fèi)用將重塑農(nóng)業(yè)對(duì)排放的影響)”可知，兩者的共同之處在于都影響著食物，前者的進(jìn)步可以推動(dòng)食品科學(xué)的進(jìn)步，后者是糧食生產(chǎn)的重要基礎(chǔ)。故選B項(xiàng)。【2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)AMilestoneinAIPredictions中“InJuly2023,DeepMindrevealedthatthefolded3Dstructureofaproteinmolecule(分子),whichreducedthenumberofhumanproteinswithunknownstructuraldatafrom4,800tojust29.WhiletherewillalwaysbechallengeswithAI,theabilitytopredictproteinstructuresinbiologyhasimplicationsacrossalllifesciences.(2023年7月，DeepMind揭示了一個(gè)蛋白質(zhì)分子的折疊3D結(jié)構(gòu)，將具有未知結(jié)構(gòu)數(shù)據(jù)的人類(lèi)蛋白質(zhì)數(shù)量從4800個(gè)減少到29個(gè)。雖然人工智能總會(huì)面臨挑戰(zhàn)，但預(yù)測(cè)生物學(xué)中蛋白質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)的能力對(duì)所有生命科學(xué)都有影響)”可知，AI預(yù)測(cè)方面的突破增進(jìn)了人類(lèi)對(duì)蛋白質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)的認(rèn)識(shí)，與生物學(xué)緊密相關(guān)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是最后一段“Tostayaheadofemergingtrends,newdiscoveriesanduniqueperspectives,weinviteyoutosubscribetoCASInsights!(為了保持領(lǐng)先于新興趨勢(shì)、新發(fā)現(xiàn)和獨(dú)特視角，我們邀請(qǐng)您訂閱CASInsights)”可知，文章簡(jiǎn)要介紹了四項(xiàng)2023年的重大科學(xué)突破，并在文末邀請(qǐng)讀者訂閱CASInsights。由此可知，文章應(yīng)該出自一本雜志。故選C項(xiàng)。BOncearichandcleverboyhadpracticallyeverythingaboycouldwant,sohewasnotinterestedinmosttoys.Becausehecouldn’tgetaveryoldmirror,heconvincedhisparentstobuyitfromamysteriousoldman.Whenthemirrorarrivedhome,theboywenttoseehisreflectioninit.Hisfacelookedverysadindeed.Hetriedsmilingandmakingfunnyfaces,buthisreflectioncontinuedwithitssadexpression.“Whataterriblemirror!It’sthefirsttimeI’veseenamirrorthatdidn’tworkproperly!”theboyjumpedviolently.Thatsameafternoonhewentintothestreettoplayandboughtafewtoys,butonhiswaytotheparkhesawalittlegirlwhowascryingherheartout.Thegirlwascryingsomuchandlookedsolonelythattherichboywentovertohelpherandtoseewhathadhappened.Thelittlegirltoldhimthatshehadlostherparents.Togetherthetwosetoffinsearchofthegirl’sparents.Asthelittlegirlwouldn’tstopcrying,theboyspenthismoneybuyinghersweetstocheerherup.Finally,aftermuchwalking,theyfoundherparentswhoweremuchworriedandwerelookingforhereverywhere.Therichboysaidgoodbyetothem.Asitwasgettinglate,hedecidedtoheadforhome,withoutbeingabletoplay.Athome,hewenttohisroom,andnoticedashininglightinthecorner,thesamecornerhehadleftthemirrorin.Seeingthis,hewentovertothemirror,andrealizedthatthelightwascomingfromhisownbody,soradiant(閃亮的)withhappinesshehadbecome.Andsoheunderstoodthemysteryofthatmirror,theonlymirrorwhichcouldfaithfullyreflectthetruejoyofitsowner.Herealizeditwastrue.Hefeltveryhappyathavinghelpedthatlittlegirl.Andsincethen,eachmorningwhenhelookedinthatmirrorandfailedtoseeaspecialshine,heknewwhathehadtodotobringitback.4.Howdidtheboyfeelwhenhefirstlookedintothemirror?A.Embarrassed.B.Angry.C.Worried.D.Satisfied.5.Whywasthelittlegirlcryingsohard?A.Shecouldn’tfindherparents.B.Shecouldn’tgetthemysteriousmirror.C.Herparentscouldn’tbuytoysforher.D.Theboyrefusedtogivehistoystoher.6.Whatcouldtheboyseeinthemirrorafterhewentbackfromthepark?A.Ashiningtoy.B.Abrokenmirror.C.Aradiantlight.D.Thelovelygirl.7.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A.Totellusahorriblestory.B.Tointroducetousastrangemirror.C.Towarnusnottobeselfish.D.Toencourageustohelpothers.【答案】4.B5.A6.C7.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。一個(gè)富有且聰明的男孩得到了一面神秘的鏡子，他照鏡子的時(shí)候發(fā)現(xiàn)自己很悲傷，但當(dāng)他幫助了一位小女孩后，他發(fā)現(xiàn)鏡中的自己散發(fā)出了快樂(lè)的亮光。他明白了這面鏡子能夠映射出主人的真正快樂(lè)，也知道自己應(yīng)該怎么做了?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Hetriedsmilingandmakingfunnyfaces,buthisreflectioncontinuedwithitssadexpression.‘Whataterriblemirror!It’sthefirsttimeI’veseenamirrorthatdidn’tworkproperly!’theboyjumpedviolently.(他試著微笑，做鬼臉，但他的倒影仍然帶著悲傷的表情?！嗝丛愀獾溺R子！這是我第一次看到不能正常用的鏡子！’男孩猛地跳了起來(lái)。)”可知，男孩第一次照鏡子時(shí)鏡子總是顯示他悲傷的樣子，他認(rèn)為鏡子壞了，所以會(huì)感到非常生氣。故選B?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Thelittlegirltoldhimthatshehadlostherparents.(小女孩告訴他她找不到自己的父母了。)”可知，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)小女孩找不到自己的父母，所以痛哭。故選A。【6題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Athome,hewenttohisroom,andnoticedashininglightinthecorner,thesamecornerhehadleftthemirrorin.(在家里，他走到自己的房間，注意到角落里有一道亮光，就在他放鏡子的那個(gè)角落里。)”可知，男孩從公園回到家后，他在鏡子里看到了一道亮光。故選C?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。通讀全文尤其是最后一段中的“Hefeltveryhappyathavinghelpedthatlittlegirl.Andsincethen,eachmorningwhenhelookedinthatmirrorandfailedtoseeaspecialshine,heknewwhathehadtodotobringitback.(幫助了那個(gè)小女孩，他感到非常高興。從那以后，每天早上他照鏡子并看不到特別的光芒時(shí)，他就知道該怎么做才能把它帶回來(lái)。)”可知，本文主要講述了一位富有且聰明的男孩得到了一面神秘的鏡子，他照鏡子的時(shí)候發(fā)現(xiàn)自己很悲傷，但當(dāng)他幫助了一位小女孩后，他發(fā)現(xiàn)鏡中的自己散發(fā)出了快樂(lè)的亮光，原來(lái)這面鏡子能夠映射出主人的真正快樂(lè)，他明白了自己要去幫助他人。由此可推測(cè)出，這個(gè)故事的目的是鼓勵(lì)我們?nèi)椭?，找到真正的快?lè)。故選D。CAsaresultoftrade,travelandmigration,differentcuisineshavespreadacrosstheworld.Manyrecipes,chefsandrestaurantstrytoannouncethattheirfoodofacountryorregionisthemostauthentic(正宗的).Butisthisagoodthing?Peoplecareaboutauthenticitybecausefoodtraditionsarecloselylinkedtoidentity,particularlyformigrantcommunities.Sociologistandprofessoroffoodstudies,KrishnenduRay,explainsthathomecookingisoftenthelastwaythatcommunitiescanshowtheiridentity.BritishcelebritychefJamieOliverwasaccusedoftryingtotakeadvantageofpositivefeelingsaboutJamaica.HisreadymealproducthadaJamaicanname,butwasunlikerealJamaicancooking.However,foodconsultantSaraKayaskswhetherthereareproblemswiththeideaofauthenticity.Shestressesthattheseideasoftencomefromtheexpectationsthatmajoritycultureshaveaboutminorityculturesandtheirfood.Thesecanberestricting—restauranteurshavecomplainedthatpeopleexpectAsianfoodtobecheaperthanthatfromEuropeancultures.Expectationscanalsogivepeopleafalseideaofwhatisauthentic.Whilelargecitiesarefullofeateriesrepresentingdifferentcountries—China,India,Italy,Mexicoandmore—theselabelscanoversimplifytherealityoffoodfromthesecountries.StephanieElizondoGreistissurprisedbytherecognitionthatfoodsinMexicoaremoreauthenticthanwhatsheategrowingupasaMexican-AmericaninTexas,becauseshefeelsthatbothareauthenticexamplesofMexicanfood.AmorecontroversialviewofauthenticitywasstatedbyAmericanChefAndrewZimmern,whoclaimedthathecouldbringinChinesedishesinamoreauthenticwaythanexistingrestaurants—manyofwhichareownedbyChinese-Americans.WriterandfoodpodcasterRuthTampointsoutthatwhiletheserestaurantsalteredtheirmenustosuitlocaltastes,sodoesZimmern.So,whilefoodandidentityarecloselylinked,andfailuretorespectauthenticitycancauseoffence,couldtherebeproblemswiththewholeideaofauthenticity?8.Whichofthefollowingfactorscausespeopletocareaboutauthenticity?A.Position. B.Decoration. C.Taste. D.Price.9.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph3?A.Eateriesindifferentcountriescontributetotheauthenticproblem.B.Expectationaboutauthenticitymaycauseproblems.C.AsianfoodischeaperthanEuropeanfood.D.YoucanenjoythetraditionaltasteofMexicanfoodbothinMexicoandAmerica.10.WhichstatementmightStephanieElizondoGreistagreewith?A.Therecanbeonlyoneauthentictasteinacountry.B.WhatsheeatsinTexasmeansnothingtoher.C.Theregionalspecialitiesshouldbethesameinacountry.D.Everypersoncanhavehisorherownrecognitionofauthenticity.11.Inwhichcolumnofthenewspapercanweprobablyreadthepassage?A.Food&Culture B.Science&TechnologyC.Sports&Health D.Literature&Art【答案】8.C9.B10.D11.A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇議論文，主要講述了人們?cè)谡務(wù)撌澄飼r(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)正宗的現(xiàn)象?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Manyrecipes,chefsandrestaurantstrytoannouncethattheirfoodofacountryorregionisthemostauthentic(正宗的).(許多食譜、廚師和餐館都試圖宣布他們所在國(guó)家或地區(qū)的食物是最正宗的。)”并結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，廚師或餐廳通常通過(guò)宣揚(yáng)自己食物的味道來(lái)表明自己是正宗的。由此推知，食物的味道使人們關(guān)心食物的正宗。故選C?！?題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Shestressesthattheseideasoftencomefromtheexpectationsthatmajoritycultureshaveaboutminorityculturesandtheirfood.(她強(qiáng)調(diào)，這些想法往往來(lái)自于多數(shù)文化對(duì)少數(shù)文化及其食物的期望。)”和“Expectationscanalsogivepeopleafalseideaofwhatisauthentic.(期望也會(huì)讓人們對(duì)什么是真實(shí)的產(chǎn)生錯(cuò)誤的想法。)”可知，本段主要講述了對(duì)正宗的期望可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生問(wèn)題。故選B?！?0題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“StephanieElizondoGreistissurprisedbytherecognitionthatfoodsinMexicoaremoreauthenticthanwhatsheategrowingupasaMexican-AmericaninTexas,becauseshefeelsthatbothareauthenticexamplesofMexicanfood.(StephanieElizondoGreist對(duì)墨西哥的食物比她在得克薩斯州長(zhǎng)大時(shí)吃的食物更正宗這種認(rèn)識(shí)感到驚訝，因?yàn)樗X(jué)得這兩種食物都是墨西哥食物的正宗例子。)”可推測(cè)出，她認(rèn)為每個(gè)人都有自己對(duì)正宗的認(rèn)識(shí)。故選D?！?1題詳析】推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，第一段“Asaresultoftrade,travelandmigration,differentcuisineshavespreadacrosstheworld.Manyrecipes,chefsandrestaurantstrytoannouncethattheirfoodofacountryorregionisthemostauthentic(正宗的).Butisthisagoodthing?(由于貿(mào)易、旅行和移民，不同的美食已經(jīng)傳播到世界各地。許多食譜、廚師和餐館都試圖宣布他們所在國(guó)家或地區(qū)的食物是最正宗的。但這是件好事嗎？)”引出了話(huà)題“人們強(qiáng)調(diào)食物正宗的現(xiàn)象”，這與食物和文化有關(guān)，因此最有可能出現(xiàn)在報(bào)紙的“食物與文化”模塊。故選A。DWhenMilletwasaboyheworkedonhisneedyfather’sfarm.Attheresthourinthefieldstheotherworkerswouldalltakenaps,butyoungMilletwouldspendtimedrawing.Finally,thevillagewherehelivedgavehimalittlemoneytoParistostudyart.WhenMilletreachedParis,hehadatoughtime.Fortunately,whenhewasalmoststarving,someoneboughtoneofhispeasantpaintings,whichenabledhisfamilytoleaveforBarbizon.Millet’spicturesofpeasantsatworkwerepaintedinauniqueway.Thepainterwouldgooutonthefarmsandwatchthemcarefully—digging,hoeing,spreadingmanure,sawingwood,orsowinggrain.Thenhewouldcomehomeandpaintwhathehadseen.Soastonishinglyaccuratewashismemorythathecouldpaintathomewithoutmodelsandgetallthemovementsofhisfiguresright.Whenhedidneedafiguretogoby,hewouldaskhiswifetoposeforhim.Oneofhisnotedartworksiscalled“TheSower”,whichshowsamanseeding.Hereachesintohisbagforseedandthenswingsbackwardtoscattertheseed,andwitheachswingofhishandthesowerstridesforward.InMillet’spicturethesowerhasbeenworkinghard,buthisswingingstepandarmstillmovesmoothly,likeamachine.Onlytheman’sheadrevealshisgreattiredness.Anothermasterpieceiscalled“TheGleaners”.Agleanerissomeonepickinguptheleftoverinthefieldafterthewheatharvest.WhenfarmersnearBarbizonareextremelybadly-off,eventhelittlethegleanerscanfindisahelp.YoucanseefromMillet’spicturewhatback-breakingworkgleaningmustbe.12.WhatdoweknowaboutMillet?A.Hiswifesupportedhimtobeapainter. B.Hewaskeenonpaintingasakid.C.HespenthiswholelifeinBarbizon. D.HewasbroughtupinParis.13.Howdidhepaintthelaboringfarmers?A.Askingmodelsforhelp. B.Imaginingfiguresinthefield.C.Rememberingwhathehadobserved. D.Recallingthedaysonhisfather’sfarm.14.WhatdoMillet’sworksconvey?A.Thefarmers’hardships. B.Thesceneoffarming.C.Hisloveforthevillage. D.Hisanxietyaboutthefarmers.15.Whichisthetextmostlikelytobetakenfrom?A.Ashort-storycollection B.ApersonaldiaryC.Amagazineofart D.Asciencemagazine【答案】12.B13.C14.A15.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了Millet從小就喜歡畫(huà)畫(huà)，他的畫(huà)作主要描繪了農(nóng)民勞動(dòng)時(shí)的場(chǎng)景。他通過(guò)記住他所觀察到的來(lái)描繪勞動(dòng)的農(nóng)民，且Millet的作品傳達(dá)了農(nóng)民的艱辛。文章最后介紹了他的兩幅作品?！?2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“WhenMilletwasaboyheworkedonhisneedyfather’sfarm.Attheresthourinthefieldstheotherworkerswouldalltakenaps,butyoungMilletwouldspendtimedrawing.(當(dāng)米勒還是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候，他就在貧窮的父親的農(nóng)場(chǎng)里干活。在地里休息的時(shí)候，其他的工人都會(huì)小睡一會(huì)兒，但小米勒會(huì)花時(shí)間畫(huà)畫(huà))”可知，Millet從小就喜歡畫(huà)畫(huà)。故選B?！?3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Thepainterwouldgooutonthefarmsandwatchthemcarefully—digging,hoeing,spreadingmanure,sawingwood,orsowinggrain.Thenhewouldcomehomeandpaintwhathehadseen.(畫(huà)家會(huì)到農(nóng)場(chǎng)去，仔細(xì)地看著他們挖土、鋤地、施肥、鋸木頭或播種。然后他回到家，把他所看到的畫(huà)下來(lái))”可知，他通過(guò)記住他所觀察到的來(lái)描繪勞動(dòng)的農(nóng)民。故選C?！?4題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“InMillet’spicturethesowerhasbeenworkinghard,buthisswingingstepandarmstillmovesmoothly,likeamachine.Onlytheman’sheadrevealshisgreattiredness.(在米勒的畫(huà)中，播種者一直在努力工作，但他擺動(dòng)的步伐和手臂仍然像機(jī)器一樣平穩(wěn)地移動(dòng)。只有這個(gè)人的頭顯示出他極度的疲倦)”以及最后一段中“YoucanseefromMillet’spicturewhatback-breakingworkgleaningmustbe.(從Millet的畫(huà)中可以看出，拾穗是一項(xiàng)多么累人的工作)”可推知，Millet的作品傳達(dá)了農(nóng)民的艱辛。故選A?！?5題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后第二段“Oneofhisnotedartworksiscalled“TheSower”,whichshowsamanseeding.(他的著名作品之一是《播種者》，畫(huà)的是一個(gè)人在播種)”以及最后一段“Anothermasterpieceiscalled“TheGleaners”.(另一部杰作叫做《拾穗者》)”且文章主要介紹了畫(huà)家Millet畫(huà)作特點(diǎn)的描述。由此推知，本文可能出自一本藝術(shù)雜志。故選C。閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分12.5分)DoLobsters(龍蝦)FeelPain?Thetraditionalmethodforcookingalobster—boilingitalive—raisesthequestionofwhetherornotlobstersfeelpain.____16____Lobstersgobadveryquicklyaftertheydie,andeatingadeadlobsterincreasestheriskofillnessandreducesthequalityofitsflavor.However,iflobstersarecapableoffeelingpain,themethodandothers,suchasstoringthelivelobsteronice,raisemoralquestionsforchefsandlobstereatersalike.____17____Lobstershaveaperipheralsystemlikehumans,butinsteadofasinglebrain,theypossessnervecluster(神經(jīng)簇).Becauseofthisdifference,someresearchersarguelobstersaretoodissimilartovertebrates(脊椎動(dòng)物)tofeelpain.Nonetheless,lobstersdosatisfyallofthestandardforapainresponse.Lobstersguardtheirinjuries,learntoavoiddangeroussituations,respondtoanesthetics,andarebelievedtopossesssomelevelofconsciousness.____18____Thereisgrowingevidencethatlobstersmayfeelpain.____19____Currently,boilinglobstersaliveisillegalinSwitzerland,NewZealand,andtheItaliancityReggioEmilia.ThemosthumanetoolforcookingalobsteristheCrustaStun.Thisdeviceelectrocutesalobster,makingitunconsciousinlessthanhalfasecondorkillingitin5to10seconds.Andthen,itcanbecutapartorboiled.Unfortunately,theCrustaStunistooexpensiveformostrestaurantsandpeopletoafford.Somerestaurantsplacealobsterinaplasticbagandplaceitinthefreezerforacoupleofhours,duringwhichtimeitlosesconsciousnessanddies.____20____Butitisprobablythemosthumaneoptionforkillingalobsterbeforecookingandeatingit.A.Thissolutionisnotideal.B.Soitisnowbecomingillegaltoboillobstersaliveorkeepthemonice.C.Lobstersarepopularfoodinmanycountries.D.Somostscientistsbelievethatinjuringalobstercausesphysicalpain.E.Scientistsdisagreeoverwhetherornotlobstersfeelpain.F.Manyrestaurantschoosemorehumanemethodstocookit.G.Thiscookingwayisusedtoimprovehumans’diningexperience.【答案】16.G17.E18.D19.B20.A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了一直以來(lái)科學(xué)家們對(duì)龍蝦是否會(huì)感到疼痛持不同意見(jiàn)，現(xiàn)在越來(lái)越多的證據(jù)表明，龍蝦可能會(huì)感到疼痛，因此一些國(guó)家禁止將龍蝦活煮或放在冰上，推薦使用更人道的水產(chǎn)品電擊器處理龍蝦，一些無(wú)力負(fù)擔(dān)該工具的餐館則盡量選擇其他人道的方式進(jìn)行處理?！?6題詳析】前文“Thetraditionalmethodforcookingalobster—boilingitalive—raisesthequestionofwhetherornotlobstersfeelpain.(傳統(tǒng)的烹飪龍蝦的方法——活煮龍蝦——引發(fā)了龍蝦是否會(huì)感到疼痛的問(wèn)題)”引入傳統(tǒng)活煮龍蝦的話(huà)題，后文“Lobstersgobadveryquicklyaftertheydie,andeatingadeadlobsterincreasestheriskofillnessandreducesthequalityofitsflavor.(龍蝦死后很快就會(huì)變質(zhì)，吃死龍蝦會(huì)增加患病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，并降低其味道的質(zhì)量)”具體解釋采用這種烹飪方式的原因，因此G項(xiàng)“Thiscookingwayisusedtoimprovehumans’diningexperience.(這種烹飪方式被用來(lái)改善人類(lèi)的用餐體驗(yàn))”符合語(yǔ)境，承上啟下，其中的Thiscookingway指代前文的boilingitalive。故選G?！?7題詳析】空處位于段首，需引出段落內(nèi)容。根據(jù)后文“Lobstershaveaperipheralsystemlikehumans,butinsteadofasinglebrain,theypossessnervecluster(神經(jīng)簇).Becauseofthisdifference,someresearchersarguelobstersaretoodissimilartovertebrates(脊椎動(dòng)物)tofeelpain.Nonetheless,lobstersdosatisfyallofthestandardforapainresponse.Lobstersguardtheirinjuries,learntoavoiddangeroussituations,respondtoanesthetics,andarebelievedtopossesssomelevelofconsciousness.(龍蝦像人類(lèi)一樣有一個(gè)外圍系統(tǒng)，但它們不是一個(gè)單一的大腦，而是神經(jīng)簇。由于這種差異，一些研究人員認(rèn)為龍蝦與脊椎動(dòng)物太不相似了，感覺(jué)不到疼痛。)”可知，本段主要介紹了對(duì)龍蝦是否會(huì)感到疼痛的兩種不同意見(jiàn)，因此E項(xiàng)“Scientistsdisagreeoverwhetherornotlobstersfeelpain.(科學(xué)家們對(duì)龍蝦是否會(huì)感到疼痛持不同意見(jiàn))”符合語(yǔ)境，統(tǒng)領(lǐng)后文內(nèi)容，其中的feelpain和后文的feelpain是同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選E?！?8題詳析】空處位于段尾，是對(duì)前文的總結(jié)，根據(jù)前文“Nonetheless,lobstersdosatisfyallofthestandardforapainresponse.Lobstersguardtheirinjuries,learntoavoiddangeroussituations,respondtoanesthetics,andarebelievedtopossesssomelevelofconsciousness.(盡管如此，龍蝦確實(shí)滿(mǎn)足了疼痛反應(yīng)的所有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。龍蝦會(huì)保護(hù)自己的傷口，學(xué)會(huì)避開(kāi)危險(xiǎn)的情況，對(duì)麻醉劑有反應(yīng)，并且被認(rèn)為具有一定程度的意識(shí))”可知，龍蝦被認(rèn)為是有一定程度的意識(shí)，由此可知，傷害龍蝦會(huì)讓它們感到疼痛，D項(xiàng)“Somostscientistsbelievethatinjuringalobstercausesphysicalpain.(因此，大多數(shù)科學(xué)家認(rèn)為，傷害龍蝦會(huì)導(dǎo)致身體疼痛)”和前文構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，是對(duì)前文的總結(jié)。故選D?！?9題詳析】根據(jù)前文“Thereisgrowingevidencethatlobstersmayfeelpain.(越來(lái)越多的證據(jù)表明，龍蝦可能會(huì)感到疼痛)”以及后文“Currently,boilinglobstersaliveisillegalinSwitzerland,NewZealand,andtheItaliancityReggioEmilia.(目前，在瑞士、新西蘭和意大利城市雷焦艾米利亞，煮活龍蝦是非法的)”可知，前文講述龍蝦會(huì)感到疼痛，后文講述法律問(wèn)題，所以空處應(yīng)是過(guò)渡句，B項(xiàng)“Soitisnowbecomingillegaltoboillobstersaliveorkeepthemonice.(因此，現(xiàn)在將龍蝦活煮或冷藏是違法的)”符合文意，和前文構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，并引出下文。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】前文“Somerestaurantsplacealobsterinaplasticbagandplaceitinthefreezerforacoupleofhours,duringwhichtimeitlosesconsciousnessanddies.(一些餐館把龍蝦放在塑料袋里，放在冰箱里幾個(gè)小時(shí)，在這段時(shí)間里，龍蝦失去知覺(jué)，死亡)”介紹了一些無(wú)力負(fù)擔(dān)水產(chǎn)品電擊器的餐館處理龍蝦的方法，后文“Butitisprobablythemosthumaneoptionforkillingalobsterbeforecookingandeatingit.(但在烹飪和食用龍蝦之前殺死它可能是最人性化的選擇)”對(duì)這種方法做出了評(píng)價(jià)，因此A項(xiàng)“Thissolutionisnotideal(這個(gè)解決方案并不理想)”符合語(yǔ)境，承接前文，和后文形成轉(zhuǎn)折，“這種方法”指前文“將龍蝦裝入塑料袋在冰箱凍死”。故選A。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。IwasgettingmoreexcitedaswegotoffthetrainatbeautifulGrandCentralStation.AfteratourattheMuseumofModernArt,we___21___RadioCityMusicHallandtheChristmastreeatRockefellerCenter.Inoneofthe___22___inthearea,IfoundatinyboxedsetofPeterRabbitbooks,perfectformy___23___.WasthereanythinglikeChristmasinNewYork?Havingexperiencedanexcitingandtiringtour,wecalleda___24___backtoGrandCentralStation.OnthewayhomeIrealizedthatmyhandbagwasgone--lostor___25___.Ihadnoidea.Allthemagicofthisspecialday___26___.Iglumly(悶悶不樂(lè)地)picturedajam-packedDepartmentofMotorVehiclesandallthephonecallsthatI’dhavetomaketogetmy___27___cardsreplacedwithnewones.AndI’dnever___28___allthosepreciousphotosofmydaughters.ThedaysslippedbywhileIgotridestocollegeand___29___goingtotheDMV(車(chē)管所)atsuchabusytimeofyear.ThenIgotanunexpected____30____,aboxwiththereturnaddressofRadioCityMusicHall.____31____,Iopeneditandshoutedinajoyful____32____.Therewasmyoldhandbag,witheverything____33____goodinside—license,cardsandphotos—andonethingthathadn’tbeenthere____34____,ahandwrittennote,saying,“Ifoundthishandbaglyingundertheseatofmytaxiby____35____.MerryChristmas!”21.A.reached B.entered C.visited D.noticed22.A.shops B.factories C.schools D.hospitals23.A.sons B.daughters C.cousins D.parents24.A.taxi B.car C.carriage D.bus25.A.covered B.hidden C.forgotten D.stolen26.A.arrived B.disappeared C.worked D.disturbed27.A.dirty B.useful C.old D.small28.A.shown B.encountered C.packed D.replaced29.A.putoff B.broughtabout C.reliedon D.cameround30.A.fax B.document C.reward D.delivery31.A.Disappointed B.Shocked C.Confused D.Frightened32.A.voice B.word C.speed D.moment33.A.gradually B.completely C.frequently D.originally34.A.though B.yet C.ever D.before35.A.comparison B.accident C.design D.nature【答案】21.C22.A23.B24.A25.D26.B27.C28.A29.A30.D31.C32.A33.B34.D35.B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了作者外出旅行時(shí)不小心丟失了手提包，在回家后搭乘的出租車(chē)司機(jī)將手提包寄給作者，并送上圣誕祝福的故事?！?1題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：參觀完現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)博物館后，我們參觀了無(wú)線(xiàn)電城音樂(lè)廳和洛克菲勒中心的圣誕樹(shù)。A.reached到達(dá)；B.entered進(jìn)入；C.visited參觀；D.noticed注意到。根據(jù)上文中的“AfteratourattheMuseumofModernArt”可知，作者游覽完了現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)中心，由此可知，作者在游覽“參觀”。故選C項(xiàng)?！?2題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在這個(gè)地區(qū)的一家商場(chǎng)里，我發(fā)現(xiàn)了一套小盒裝的彼得兔書(shū)，非常適合我的女兒們。A.shops商場(chǎng)；B.factories工廠；C.schools學(xué)校；D.hospitals醫(yī)院。根據(jù)下文中的“IfoundatinyboxedsetofPeterRabbitbooks”可知，作者發(fā)現(xiàn)一套適合女兒的書(shū)，由此可知，作者應(yīng)該在逛“商場(chǎng)”時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)的一套小盒裝的彼得兔書(shū)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在這個(gè)地區(qū)的一家商店里，我發(fā)現(xiàn)了一套小盒裝的彼得兔書(shū)，非常適合我的女兒們。A.sons兒子；B.daughters女兒；C.cousins表妹，堂兄；D.parents父母。根據(jù)下文的“AndI’dneverallthosepreciousphotosofmydaughters.”可知，作者從沒(méi)有把這些照片給女兒們看，由此可知，此處應(yīng)是“女兒們”符合語(yǔ)境。故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：經(jīng)歷了一次既刺激又累的旅行后，我們叫了一輛出租車(chē)回到中央車(chē)站。A.taxi出租車(chē)；B.car小車(chē)；C.carriage馬車(chē)；D.bus公交車(chē)。根據(jù)下文中的“Ifoundthishandbaglyingundertheseatofmytaxi”可知，在給作者的快遞里寫(xiě)著“在出租車(chē)的座位下發(fā)現(xiàn)的手提包”，由此可知，作者和家人應(yīng)該是叫了一輛“出租車(chē)”符合語(yǔ)境。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在回家的路上，我意識(shí)到我的手提包不見(jiàn)了——不是丟了就是被偷了。A.covered覆蓋；B.hidden隱藏；C.forgotten忘記；D.stolen偷。根據(jù)上文中的“OnthewayhomeIrealizedthatmyhandbagwasgone--lostor”可知，作者意識(shí)到手提包不見(jiàn)了，作者的推測(cè)是有可能丟了，或者“被偷”符合語(yǔ)境。故選D項(xiàng)?！?6題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這個(gè)特殊一天的神奇魅力全部消失了。A.arrived到達(dá)；B.disappeared消失；C.worked工作；D.disturbed打擾，弄亂。根據(jù)上文中的“myhandbagwasgone”可知，作者的手提包不見(jiàn)了，以及下文中的“Iglumly(悶悶不樂(lè)地)pictured”可知，作者丟了東西，心情不好，由此可知，此處應(yīng)指的是游覽帶來(lái)的魅力就“消失”了。故選B項(xiàng)?！?7題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我悶悶不樂(lè)地想象著汽車(chē)管理局里擠滿(mǎn)了人，我必須打很多電話(huà)才能把舊卡換成新卡。A.dirty臟的；B.useful有用的；C.old舊的；D.narrow狹窄的。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境以及下文中的“cardsreplacedwithnewones”可知，作者的包丟了，里面有卡，由此可知推斷，此處指的是作者把丟失的“舊”卡換成新卡，需要打很多的電話(huà)。故選C項(xiàng)。【28題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我從來(lái)沒(méi)有給他們看我女兒們的那些珍貴照片。A.shown展示；B.encountered偶遇，遇到；C.packed打包；D.replaced代替。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境以及下文中的“thosepreciousphotosofmydaughters.”可知，作者手提包不見(jiàn)了，意味著作者不能“展示”女兒們的珍貴照片。故選A項(xiàng)?！?9題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：日子一天天過(guò)去，我乘車(chē)去上大學(xué)，每年的這個(gè)時(shí)候，我都推遲去車(chē)管所的時(shí)間。A.putoff推遲；B.broughtabout引起，導(dǎo)致；C.reliedon依賴(lài)；D.cameround恢復(fù)知覺(jué)，蘇醒。根據(jù)下文中的“atsuchabusytimeofyear”可知，在一年中最繁忙的時(shí)候，作者會(huì)因此而“推遲”去車(chē)管所的時(shí)間。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然后我收到了一個(gè)意想不到的快遞，一個(gè)盒子，上面寫(xiě)著無(wú)線(xiàn)電城音樂(lè)廳的回信地址。A.fax傳真；B.document文件；C.reward獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，回報(bào)；D.delivery快遞。根據(jù)常識(shí)和下文中的“aboxwiththereturnaddressofRadioCityMusicHall.”可知，可知收到了一個(gè)上面有無(wú)線(xiàn)電城音樂(lè)廳的回信地址的盒子，由此可推測(cè)，此處指的是作者收到了一個(gè)意想不到的“快遞”符合語(yǔ)境。故選D項(xiàng)?！?1題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我感到迷惑，打開(kāi)后高興地喊叫起來(lái)。A.Disappointed失望的；B.Shocked吃驚的；C.Confused迷惑的；D.Frightened害怕的。根據(jù)上文中的“ThenIgotanunexpected______,aboxwiththereturnaddressofRadioCityMusicHall.”可知，收到一個(gè)沒(méi)有料想到的快遞，由此可知，此處應(yīng)是感到“迷惑”符合語(yǔ)境。故選C項(xiàng)?！?2題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我感到迷惑，打開(kāi)后高興地喊叫起來(lái)。A.voice聲音；B.word話(huà)語(yǔ)；C.speed速度；D.moment片刻。根據(jù)上文中的“Iopeneditandshouted…”可知，作者打開(kāi)后喊叫起來(lái)，由此可知，此處應(yīng)指的是以一種高興的“聲音”符合語(yǔ)境。故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：那是我的舊手提包，里面的東西都完好無(wú)損——駕照、證件和照片——還有一件以前沒(méi)有的東西，一張手寫(xiě)的便條，上面寫(xiě)著，“我偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)手提包躺在我的出租車(chē)座位下面。A.gradually逐漸地；B.completely完全地；C.frequently頻繁地；D.originally起初。根據(jù)下文中的“l(fā)icense,cardsandphotos”可知，包里的東西完好無(wú)損，所以此處指的是“完全地”符合語(yǔ)境。故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：包里還有一件以前沒(méi)有的東西，一張手寫(xiě)的便條，上面寫(xiě)著，“我偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)在我的出租車(chē)座位上放的手提包。圣誕快樂(lè)！”。A.though盡管；B.yet然而；C.ever曾經(jīng)；D.before以前。根據(jù)上文中的“andonethingthathadn’tbeenthere”可知，里面還有一個(gè)沒(méi)有的東西，結(jié)合下文中的“ahandwrittennote,”可知，此處指的是這張紙條是“以前”包里沒(méi)有的東西。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：包里還有一件以前沒(méi)有的東西，一張手寫(xiě)的便條，上面寫(xiě)著，“我偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)在我的出租車(chē)座位上放的手提包。圣誕快樂(lè)！”。A.comparison比較；B.accident事故；C.design設(shè)計(jì)；D.nature自然。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境以及上文中的““Ifoundthishandbaglyingundertheseatofmytaxi”可知，便條上寫(xiě)著在出租車(chē)的座位下發(fā)現(xiàn)手提包的，由此可推斷，此處指的是“偶然地”符合語(yǔ)境，byaccident意為“偶然地”。故選B項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Emojisarewidelyusedinourdailylivesandhavebecome___36___importantwayofcommunication.Thefirstemojiswerecreatedin1999byJapanesedesignerShigetakaKurita,___37___workedonamobileInternetplatform___38___(call)i-mode.Kuritaattemptedtodevelopasimplewayforpeople___39___(express)emotionsinshorttextmessages.Asemojisgained___40___(popular),theyfacedasignificanttechnicalhurdle(障礙):earlyemojiscouldnot___41___(send)acrossdifferentmobileplatforms,sincetherewasnostandardizedencoding(編碼).Thisissuewasresolv