河南省許昌市部分學校2024-2025學年高二上學期期中模擬測試英語試題（解析版）

高級中學名校試卷PAGEPAGE1河南省許昌市部分學校2024-2025學年高二上學期期中模擬測試英語試題第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AJoinaZionNationalParkranger(護林人)tolearnaboutwhatmakesZionNationalParkunique.Programsarefreeandcreatedforclassroomsandindividuals.Weconnecttoyourschoolorhomethroughafreeweb-basedprogram.Youwillbeprovidedwithalinktothevideoconferenceaheadoftimeviaanemailinvite.Registrationisopen!Clickontheprogrambelowformoreinformation.Program1—ChatwithaRangerInChatwithaRanger,studentslearnaboutZionNationalPark,theparkservice,andthelifeofaranger.Studentsprepareandsendquestionsaheadoftime.Thisprogramcanbeadaptedtofitdifferentcurriculumobjectives,andisappropriateforanyagegroup.Program2—PollinationInvestigationInthisdistancelearningprogram,studentswilldiscoverwhatpollinationisandhowimportantitistoallecosystems.Lookingattherelationshipbetweenplantsandpollinators,participantswillseehowtheyhaveinfluencedeachotherandwillbechallengedtocreatetheirownperfectpollinator.Program3—Whooo’sintheCanyon?WholeftthesecluesbehindhereinthehighcanyonsofZionNationalPark?Afeather,smallbones,andhoothootinginthetreescanbeheardasyourclassroomgoesonavirtualhikeofZiontodiscovertheMexicanspottedowl.Learnitabouthowtheowlusesitsspecialadaptationstosurviveinthisdesertenvironment.Program4—TheForests,Wetlands,andDesertsofZionThisdistancelearningprogramfocusesontheplantsandanimalsthatliveinZion’svaryingecosystems.Studentswilllearnabouttheiradaptationsandrelationshipstoeachotherinthisinteractivelessonwithacreativeandcriticalthinkingactivity.1.Whichprogramrequiresparticipantstomakepreparationsinadvance?A.ChatwithaRanger. B.PollinationInvestigation.C.Whooo’sintheCanyon? D.TheForests,Wetlands,andDesertsofZion.2.Whatcanparticipantslearnfromprogram3?A.Survivalstrategiestakenbyowlsinthepark. B.Waystoprepareahiketourinthepark.C.Threatsbroughtbythedesertenvironment. D.AvarietyofecosystemsinZionNationalPark.3.Whatdothelistedprogramshaveincommon?A.Theyinvolveinteractiveactivities.B.Theyincludeavirtualtourofdifferenttrails.C.Theyareaccessiblethroughweb-basedprogram.D.Theyrequireparticipantstovisittheparkinperson.【答案】1.A2.A3.C【語篇解讀】本文為一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了四個可用于了解ZionNationalPark的學習項目。【1題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據文章Program1—ChatwithaRanger部分“Studentsprepareandsendquestionsaheadoftime.(學生提前準備并發(fā)送問題。)”可知,該項目要求參與者提前準備問題，故選A?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據文章Program3—Whooo’sintheCanyon?部分“Learnitabouthowtheowlusesitsspecialadaptationstosurviveinthisdesertenvironment.(了解貓頭鷹是如何用它特殊的適應能力在沙漠環(huán)境中生存的。)”可知,參與者在第三個項目中能了解到貓頭鷹的生存策略，故選A。【3題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第一段“Weconnecttoyourschoolorhomethroughafreeweb-basedprogram.Youwillbeprovidedwithalinktothevideoconferenceaheadoftimeviaanemailinvite.(我們通過免費的網絡程序連接到您學?；蛘吣?。您將通過電子郵件邀請?zhí)崆矮@得視頻會議的鏈接。)”可知,這四個項目可從網絡程序中獲取。故選C。BOnahotJunedayin2015,Iretiredafter34yearsofteachinghighschool.Then,Idrovetomeetmynewpianoteacher,Mark.IhadworkedformorethanthreedecadesasabusyEnglishteacherwithanendlessstreamofpaperstomarkandpreciouslittletimetoexperimentorlearnnewskills.IwasdeterminedtomakeupforallIhadbeenmissing.Iwantedtofinallymasterthepianoandlearnhowtomakemusic.ItoldMarkIhadaspecificconcretegoal:toplayClairdelunebyClaudeDebussy,apieceIrememberhearingfromearlychildhood.DeterminedthattherewouldbeadaywhenIwouldtotallymasterthispiece,Isetmyselfadeadline:Iwouldperformbeforeagatheringoffriendsonmy60thbirthday.FormonthsIdidnothingbutfuriously(猛烈地)practise.Whenthedaycame,around30friendsandrelativescrowdedintomydiningroomtohearmeplay,andasidefromafewminorslips,Imanagedtopullitoffwithoutembarrassingmyself.Peopleclappedwarmly.Imadeit.Ihadrisentoachallenge,butIstilldidn’tfeelthatIwasreally“makingmusic”.Afterthat,myprogresswaspainfullyslow.Ihadcometohatehearingmyselfplaymusicbadly.Igotnopleasurefromtheactofmissingnotes.IbeganfocusingonwhatfewthingsIcoulddo:gardeningandcycling.IcametounderstandthatIdidn’thavetobethatmanI’dalwaysthoughtIoughttobe.Icouldjustdowhatfeelsgood.So,afternearlyfiveyearsoflessons,Iquit.Istilllovemusic;Iregularlygoouttoconcerts.Butnowmypianodoesnothingmorethansitsilentlyinmydiningroom,displayingfamilyphotosandcollectingdust.AndI’mperfectlyhappywiththat.4.Whydidtheauthorlearnthepianoafterretiringfromteaching?A.Toimpresshisfriendsandrelatives. B.Toavoidtheboredomofretirement.C.Tostartanewcareerasaconcertpianist. D.Topursuealong-timepassionformusic.5.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph4?A.Theauthorattendedaconcertofpianomusic.B.Theauthorperformedsuccessfullydespiteafewerrors.C.Theauthorfeltembarrassedabouthispianoperformance.D.Theauthorquithispianoimmediatelyafterhis60thbirthday.6.Whatdoestheauthordowithhispianonow?A.Heusesitformusiclessons. B.Heusesitforperformance.C.Heusesitforsomethingunrelatedtomusic. D.Heplaysitforpersonalenjoymentoccasionally.7.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheauthor?A.Inner-directedandhardworking. B.Conventionalandcareless.C.Ambitiousandkind-hearted. D.Lazyandpessimistic.【答案】4.D5.B6.C7.A【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者從最初對鋼琴技藝的執(zhí)著追求，到隨后的放下，最終在園藝和騎行中獲得滿足的故事。【4題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段“IwasdeterminedtomakeupforallIhadbeenmissing.Iwantedtofinallymasterthepianoandlearnhowtomakemusic.(我決心彌補我所失去的一切。我想最終掌握鋼琴，學習如何制作音樂)”可知，作者在退休后學習鋼琴是為了追求對音樂的長期熱愛。故選D。【5題詳析】推理判斷題。根據第四段“DeterminedthattherewouldbeadaywhenIwouldtotallymasterthispiece,Isetmyselfadeadline:Iwouldperformbeforeagatheringoffriendsonmy60thbirthday.FormonthsIdidnothingbutfuriously(猛烈地)practise.Whenthedaycame,around30friendsandrelativescrowdedintomydiningroomtohearmeplay,andasidefromafewminorslips,Imanagedtopullitoffwithoutembarrassingmyself.Peopleclappedwarmly.Imadeit.Ihadrisentoachallenge,butIstilldidn’tfeelthatIwasreally“makingmusic”.(我下定決心，總有一天我能完全掌握這首曲子，于是給自己定了一個最后期限：在我60歲生日那天，我要在一群朋友的聚會上表演。幾個月來，我除了拼命練習什么也沒做。那天，大約有30個親戚朋友擠在我的餐廳里聽我演奏，除了一些小失誤外，我設法做到了，沒有讓自己尷尬。人們熱烈鼓掌。我做到了。我已經接受了挑戰(zhàn)，但我仍然不覺得我真的在“做音樂”)”可知，盡管有一些小的失誤，作者仍出色地完成了表演。故選B?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據最后一段“Butnowmypianodoesnothingmorethansitsilentlyinmydiningroom,displayingfamilyphotosandcollectingdust.(但現在，我的鋼琴除了靜靜地坐在我的餐廳里，展示家庭照片和收集灰塵之外，什么也不做)”可知，作者的鋼琴現在被放在餐廳里，積滿了灰塵。即作者用鋼琴做了一些與音樂無關的事情。故選C?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據第二段“IwasdeterminedtomakeupforallIhadbeenmissing.Iwantedtofinallymasterthepianoandlearnhowtomakemusic.(我決心彌補我所失去的一切。我想最終掌握鋼琴，學習如何制作音樂)”以及第四段“FormonthsIdidnothingbutfuriously(猛烈地)practise.(幾個月來，我除了拼命練習什么也沒做)”可知，作者是一個有決心且努力奮進的人。故選A。CWhenitcomestodiatoms(硅藻類)thatliveintheocean,newresearchsuggeststhatphotosynthesis(光合作用)isnottheonlystrategyforaccumulatingcarbon.Instead,thesesingle-celledarealsobuildingbiomassbyfeedingdirectlyonorganiccarbonintheocean.Thesenewfindingscouldleadresearcherstoreducetheirestimateofhowmuchcarbondioxidediatomspulloutoftheairviaphotosynthesis,whichinturn,couldtakeamuchcloserlookattheunderstandingoftheglobalcarboncycle,whichisespeciallyrelevantgiventhechangingclimate.ThenewfindingswerepublishedinScienceAdvancesonJuly17,2024.TheteamshowedthatthediatomCylindrothecaclosterium,whichisfoundinoceansaroundtheworld,regularlyperformsamixofbothphotosynthesisanddirecteatingofcarbonfromorganicsourcessuchasplankton(浮游生物).Inmorethan70%ofthewatersamplestheresearchersanalyzedfromoceansaroundtheworld,theteamfoundsignsofsimultaneousphotosynthesisanddirectorganiccarbonconsumptionfromCylindrothecaclosterium.Theteamalsoshowedthatthisdiatomspeciescangrowmuchfasterwhenconsumingorganiccarboninadditiontophotosynthesis.Furthermore,thenewresearchhintedatthepossibilitythatspecificspeciesofbacteriaarefeedingorganiccarbondirectlytoalargepercentageofthesediatomslivingallacrosstheglobalocean.Thisworkisbasedonagenome-scalemetabolicmodelingapproachthattheteamusedtorevealthemetabolismofthediatomCylindrothecaclosterium.Theteam’snewmetabolicmodelingdatasupportrecentlabexperimentssuggestingthatsomediatomsmayrelyonstrategiesotherthanphotosynthesistointakethecarbontheyneedtosurvive,thriveandbuildbiomass.TheUCSanDiegoledteamisintheprocessofexpandingthescopeoftheprojecttodeterminehowwidespreadthisnon-photosyntheticactivityisamongotherdiatomspecies.8.What’snewaccordingtotheresearch?A.Thewayofthediatom’scarbonaccumulation. B.Theimpactofclimateondiverseseaplants.C.Theprocedureofexploringcarbon. D.Thesystemofbuildingbiomass.9.Whatdothenewfindingsmakeresearchersmorefocuson?A.Thecausesofclimatechange. B.Thegraspofthecarboncycle.C.Thebadeffectofphotosynthesisondiatoms. D.Aroughestimateoftheamountofcarbondioxide.10.Whatdoweknowfromparagraph3?A.Alargenumberofdiatomsmayfeedonbacteria.B.Thediatomlivesonplankton.C.Watersamplesarekeyfactorsfortheresearch.D.Diatomspeciesgrowfasterwithsufficientsunlight.11.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.PhotosynthesisinDiatoms B.Plankton’sRoleinOceansC.NewCarbonStrategiesinDiatoms D.AdvancesinModelingData【答案】8.A9.B10.A11.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一個新的研究發(fā)現——海洋硅藻不僅通過光合作用積累碳，還通過直接攝取海水中的有機碳來構建生物量?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段中“Whenitcomestodiatoms(硅藻類)thatliveintheocean,newresearchsuggeststhatphotosynthesis(光合作用)isnottheonlystrategyforaccumulatingcarbon.Instead,thesesingle-celledarealsobuildingbiomassbyfeedingdirectlyonorganiccarbonintheocean.(當談到生活在海洋中的硅藻時，新的研究表明光合作用并不是積累碳的唯一策略。相反，這些單細胞生物也通過直接以海洋中的有機碳為食來產生生物量。)”可知，新研究發(fā)現海洋硅藻不僅通過光合作用積累碳，還通過直接攝取海水中的有機碳來構建生物量。這說明硅藻積累碳的方式是新的發(fā)現。故選A?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段中“Thesenewfindingscouldleadresearcherstoreducetheirestimateofhowmuchcarbondioxidediatomspulloutoftheairviaphotosynthesis,whichinturn,couldtakeamuchcloserlookattheunderstandingoftheglobalcarboncycle,whichisespeciallyrelevantgiventhechangingclimate.

(這些新發(fā)現可能會導致研究人員減少他們對硅藻通過光合作用從空氣中吸收多少二氧化碳的估計，這反過來又可以更深入地了解全球碳循環(huán)，這與氣候變化尤其相關。)”可知，這些新發(fā)現可能會導致研究人員減少他們對硅藻通過光合作用從空氣中吸收二氧化碳量的估計，轉而更加關注全球碳循環(huán)的理解。故選B?！?0題詳析】推理判斷題。根據第三段中“Furthermore,thenewresearchhintedatthepossibilitythatspecificspeciesofbacteriaarefeedingorganiccarbondirectlytoalargepercentageofthesediatomslivingallacrosstheglobalocean.(此外，這項新的研究暗示了一種可能性，即特定種類的細菌直接為生活在全球海洋中的大部分硅藻提供有機碳)”可知，大量的硅藻可能以細菌為食。故選A?！?1題詳析】主旨大意題。根據第一段“Whenitcomestodiatoms(硅藻類)thatliveintheocean,newresearchsuggeststhatphotosynthesis(光合作用)isnottheonlystrategyforaccumulatingcarbon.Instead,thesesingle-celledarealsobuildingbiomassbyfeedingdirectlyonorganiccarbonintheocean.(當談到生活在海洋中的硅藻時，新的研究表明光合作用并不是積累碳的唯一策略。相反，這些單細胞生物也通過直接以海洋中的有機碳為食來產生生物量。)”以及通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了硅藻在積累碳方面新的發(fā)現，即硅藻不僅通過光合作用積累碳，還通過直接攝取海水中的有機碳來構建生物量。這是硅藻在碳積累方面的新策略，因此最適合的標題是C選項“NewCarbonStrategiesinDiatoms(硅藻中的新碳策略)”。故選C。DAccordingtoareportin2023,theWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)recommendedthatnon-sugarsweetenersnotbeusedasameansofachievingweightcontrolorreducingtheriskofdiseases.Theguidelinecameasasurprise.Afterall,theverypurposeofnon-sugarsweeteners-whichcontainlittletonocalories—istohelpconsumerscontroltheirweightandreducetheirriskofdiseasebyreplacingsugar.Initsreport,theWHOcitedevidencethatlong-termuseofnon-sugarsweetenersisassociatedwithanincreasedriskofdiabetes(糖尿病)anddeath.Howisitthatnon-sugarsweetenersarelinkedtothenegativehealtheffectsthey’resupposedtofendoff?TheWHOmadeitsrecommendationafterreviewinghundredsofpublishedstudies.Theproblemisthattheoverwhelmingmajorityofthesestudiesareobservational.Insuchstudies,subjectstendtoself-reporttheirfoodintake,whichmightnotguaranteeinaccuracy.Moreimportantly,observationalstudiescannotdeterminecauseandeffect.Arenon-sugarsweetenerscausingdiabetes,orarepeopleatriskofdiabetessimplymorelikelytoconsumethem?Lastly,therearenumerousvariablesthatresearcherscan’tpossiblycontrolforinthesestudiesthatcouldinfluencetheresults.Randomizedcontrolledtrials(RCTs)telladifferentstoryaboutnon-sugarsweeteners.Thesestudiescontrolforvariablesbyrandomlyassigningpeopletoeitheratreatmentorcontrolgroup,andtheycandeterminecauseandeffect.Theyshowthatsweetenersmodestlybenefitweightlossandhelpcontrolbloodsugar,withoutthenegativeeffectsseeninobservationalresearch.ThedownsideofRCTsisthattheyareshorterinduration,oftenlastingjustafewmonths.Sonegativeeffectscouldappearafterlongeruseandwewouldn’tbeabletotellfromtheseRCTs.Butwealsocan’ttellfromobservationalstudies,whichonlymeasurecorrelationandnotcausality(因果關系).Changingthecurrentsituationmightbehard,though.RCTsareexpensiveandrequirerecruitingparticipants,settingupdietplans,andregularlymeasuringsubjects’healthoutcomes.Forchangetohappen,itmightneedtostartatthetop,wherescienceisfundedGovernmentagencies,whichappropriatebillionsforresearch,shouldstartprioritizingRCTs.12.Whatdotheunderlinedphrase“fendoff”probablymeaninparagraph2?A.Putout. B.Defendagainst. C.Keepup. D.Counton.13.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.TheWHO’ssuggestionsonobservationalstudies.B.Thestrategiestodecidecauseandeffectinconductingstudies.C.Thesignificanceofcontrollingvariablesinobservationalstudies.D.ThelimitationsoftheobservationalstudiesintheWHOreport.14.WhatisafeatureofRCTsaccordingtothetext?A.Theycostlittle. B.Theytendtolastlong.C.Theycancontrolvariablesanddeterminecausality. D.Theyrequireparticipantstoself-reportrelateddata.15.HowshouldthegovernmenthelpRCTs?A.Bymakingappropriateplans. B.Byprovidingfinancialsupport.C.Byraisingpeople’sawarenessofhealth. D.Byfoundingmorerelatedgovernmentagencies.【答案】12.B13.D14.C15.B【語篇解讀】本文的體裁是一篇說明文。它主要解釋了世界衛(wèi)生組織（WHO）關于非糖甜味劑使用的推薦，并詳細分析了支持這一推薦的研究證據和現有研究的局限性?！?2題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據第二段“Initsreport,theWHOcitedevidencethatlong-termuseofnon-sugarsweetenersisassociatedwithanincreasedriskofdiabetes(糖尿病)anddeath.Howisitthatnon-sugarsweetenersarelinkedtothenegativehealtheffectsthey’resupposedtofendoff?(在報告中，世界衛(wèi)生組織引用了長期使用非糖甜味劑與糖尿病和死亡風險增加有關的證據。非糖甜味劑是如何與它們本應fendoff的負面健康影響聯系在一起的？)”可知，非糖甜味劑與糖尿病和增加死亡風險有關，即它們本應“防御”的負面健康影響有關，這里的fendoff應理解為“防御，抵擋”或“對抗”。A.Putout撲滅；B.Defendagainst防御，抵抗；C.Keepup跟上，趕上；D.Counton指望，依靠。故選B。【13題詳析】主旨大意題。根據第三段“TheWHOmadeitsrecommendationafterreviewinghundredsofpublishedstudies.Theproblemisthattheoverwhelmingmajorityofthesestudiesareobservational.Insuchstudies,subjectstendtoself-reporttheirfoodintake,whichmightnotguaranteeinaccuracy.Moreimportantly,observationalstudiescannotdeterminecauseandeffect.Arenon-sugarsweetenerscausingdiabetes,orarepeopleatriskofdiabetessimplymorelikelytoconsumethem?Lastly,therearenumerousvariablesthatresearcherscan’tpossiblycontrolforinthesestudiesthatcouldinfluencetheresults.(世衛(wèi)組織在審查了數百項已發(fā)表的研究后提出了這一建議。問題是這些研究絕大多數是觀察性的。在這樣的研究中，受試者傾向于自我報告他們的食物攝入量，這可能不能保證不準確。更重要的是，觀察性研究不能確定因果關系。是無糖甜味劑導致糖尿病，還是有患糖尿病風險的人更容易食用它們？最后，在這些研究中，有許多研究人員無法控制的變量可能會影響結果。)”可知，這一段主要講述了WHO報告中觀察性研究的局限性，包括自報告數據不準確的問題和無法確定因果關系的問題，故選D?！?4題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據第四段中的“Thesestudiescontrolforvariablesbyrandomlyassigningpeopletoeitheratreatmentorcontrolgroup,andtheycandeterminecauseandeffect(這些研究通過將人們隨機分配到治療組或對照組來控制變量，他們可以確定因果關系。他們表明，甜味劑對減肥有一定的好處，有助于控制血糖，沒有觀察性研究中看到的負面影響。隨機對照試驗的缺點是持續(xù)時間較短，通常只持續(xù)幾個月。)”可知，RCTs能夠控制變量并確定因果關系，故選C。【15題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據最后一段“Forchangetohappen,itmightneedtostartatthetop,wherescienceisfundedGovernmentagencies,whichappropriatebillionsforresearch,shouldstartprioritizingRCTs.(要想發(fā)生改變，可能需要從最高層開始，那里的科學是由政府機構資助的，它們?yōu)檠芯繐芸顢凳畠|美元，應該開始優(yōu)先考慮RCTs。)”可知，政府應該通過提供財政支持來幫助RCTs，故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Tomakescience’sstoriesmoreconcreteandengaging,it’simportanttousesomeeffectivestrategies.Herearefourofthem.PutpeopleinthestoryScience’sstoriesoftenlackhumancharacters.___16___.Characterscanbealsopeopleaffectedbyascientifictopic,orinterestedinlearningmoreaboutit.Besides,theycanbestorytellerswhoaresharingtheirpersonalexperiences.___17___Peopleoftenthinkofscienceasobjectiveandfair.Butscienceisactuallyahumanpracticethatcontinuouslyinvolveschoices,misstepsandbiases(偏見).Ifyouexplainscienceasacourse,youcanwalkpeoplethroughthesequenceofhowscienceisdoneandwhyresearchersreachcertainconclusions.___18___.Andtheycanalsostressthereasonwhypeopleshouldtrustthecourseofsciencetoprovidethemostaccurateconclusionspossiblegiventheavailableinformation.IncludewhatpeoplecareaboutScientifictopicsareimportant,buttheymaynotalwaysbethepublic’smostpressingconcerns.InApril2024,apollingcompanyfoundthat“thequalityoftheenvironment”wasoneofthelowest-rankedprioritiesamongpeopleintheUS.Thestoriesabouttheenvironmentcouldweaveinconnectionstohigher-prioritytopics.___19___.Tellscience’sstoriesScientists,ofcourse,canbesciencecommunicators,buteveryonecantellscience’sstories.Whenweshareinformationonlineabouthealth,ortalktofriendsandfamilyabouttheweather,wecontributetoinformationthatcirculatesaboutsciencetopics.___20___.Thinkaboutallofastory’scharacteristics—character,action,sequence,scope,storytellerandcontent-andhowyoumightincorporatethemintothetopic.A.ExplainscienceasaprocessB.ShootattractiveshortsciencevideosC.ScientiststhemselvescanactuallybecomeidealonesD.ThispracticeistostresswhythecontentisimportantE.YoucantellgrowthstoriesofremarkableteenagescientistsF.SciencecommunicatorscanemphasizehowscienceisconductedG.Youmayaswellborrowfeaturesfromstoriestostrengthenyourmessage【答案】16.C17.A18.F19.D20.G【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了四種使科學故事更具體且引人入勝的策略?！?6題詳析】上文“Science’sstoriesoftenlackhumancharacters.(科學的故事往往缺乏人物角色。)”說明科學的故事缺乏人物角色?？仗庬樈由衔?，應介紹科學故事中的人物可以是誰。C項中的idealones指代前文中的humancharacters，說明C項“科學家本身可以成為理想的人物角色”，符合語境。故選C?！?7題詳析】下文“Peopleoftenthinkofscienceasobjectiveandfair.Butscienceisactuallyahumanpracticethatcontinuouslyinvolveschoices,misstepsandbiases(偏見).Ifyouexplainscienceasacourse,youcanwalkpeoplethroughthesequenceofhowscienceisdoneandwhyresearchersreachcertainconclusions.(人們通常認為科學是客觀和公正的。但實際上，科學是一種不斷涉及選擇、失誤和偏見的人類活動。如果你把科學解釋為一個過程，你可以帶領人們了解科學研究的步驟以及研究人員為何會得出特定的結論。)”說明本段主要介紹了如果把科學解釋成一個過程，你可以帶領人們了解科學是如何進行的。A項“將科學解釋為一個過程?！边m合作本段的主旨句，統領全段。故選A。【18題詳析】下文“Andtheycanalsostressthereasonwhypeopleshouldtrustthecourseofsciencetoprovidethemostaccurateconclusionspossiblegiventheavailableinformation.(他們還可以強調為什么人們應該信任科學的過程，因為這一過程能夠在現有信息的基礎上提供盡可能準確的結論。)”說明科學傳播者可以讓人們信任科學的過程?？仗幒拖挛牟⒘姓f出科學傳播者的作用。下文中的they指代F項中的Sciencecommunicators，說明科學傳播者可以強調科學是如何進行的，也可以強調為什么人們應該信任科學的過程。所以F項“科學傳播者可以強調科學是如何進行的”符合語境。故選F。【19題詳析】上文“Thestoriesabouttheenvironmentcouldweaveinconnectionstohigher-prioritytopics.(關于環(huán)境的故事可能會與更高優(yōu)先級的話題交織在一起。)”說明關于環(huán)境的故事可以與更高優(yōu)先級的主題聯系起來?？仗幹赋鲞@樣的目的。D項中的“Thispractice”指代前文中的“將環(huán)境故事與更高優(yōu)先級主題聯系起來”這一做法，說明D項“這樣做是為了強調內容的重要性?！狈险Z境。故選D?！?0題詳析】上文“Scientists,ofcourse,canbesciencecommunicators,buteveryonecantellscience’sstories.Whenweshareinformationonlineabouthealth,ortalktofriendsandfamilyabouttheweather,wecontributetoinformationthatcirculatesaboutsciencetopics.(當然，科學家可以成為科學傳播者，但每個人都可以講述科學的故事。當我們在網上分享有關健康的信息，或與朋友和家人談論天氣時，我們?yōu)閭鞑ビ嘘P科學主題的信息做出了貢獻。)”說明我們每個人通過分享日常生活中的信息，都可以成為科學傳播者?？仗庬樈忧拔?，引出下文，指出如何做來強化信息的傳遞。G項中的“borrowfeaturesfromstories”和下文中的“astory’scharacteristics-character,action,sequence,scope,storytellerandcontent”相呼應，所以G項“你也不妨借用故事的特點來加強你的信息”符合語境。故選G。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。In2018,MollyBakerunfortunatelylostherhusbandinasevereskiingaccident.Shewas___21___.Inthefirstseveralweeksafterhispassing,herfriendsandfamily___22___agreatdealofsupport.Butafterawhile,thecardsandmealsstartedto___23___.“Peoplehadtogetbacktotheirnormal___24___.Andsothingskindofdroppedoff,”Bakerrecalled.ThatwaswhenoneofBaker’sfriends,CarlaVail,thoughtupawayto___25___thehelpforanentireyear.Shecalleditthe“CalendarGirls”.Vailgatheredthenamesof31ofBaker’sfriendswhowantedtohelp,and___26___eachfriendaparticularday.VailalsogaveBakerthenamesonthe___27___,soBakercouldknowwhatto___28___eachday.“Andwhatthatlookedlikeforthemwasthatonthatday,theywouldreachouttomeinsome___29___ways—maybeviatext,oracard,”Bakersaid.Lookingback,BakerfeelsthatVail’s____30____wasessentialtohelpinghercopewithherhusband’sdeath,becauseshewas____31____atthattime.“Alotofpeoplearereallyuncomfortablearound____32____,”Bakersaid.“Sowhattheydois,insteadofdoingsomething,thatthey____33____donothing.Itwasnicetohavethat‘CalendarGirls’setup.”Today,Bakertriestodosomethingsimilarforherfriendsgoingthrough____34____.Inhardtimes,sheknowshow____35____itistohavesomethingtolookforwardtoeveryday.21.A.cautious B.unconscious C.desperate D.impassive22.A.extended B.demanded C.announced D.assumed23.A.passdown B.showup C.breakup D.slowdown24.A.exercise B.routine C.diet D.growth25.A.resist B.continue C.explain D.test26.A.ordered B.sent C.owed D.assigned27.A.furniture B.file C.calendar D.Internet28.A.expect B.absorb C.propose D.define29.A.rare B.strange C.specific D.generous30.A.curiosity B.thoughtfulness C.ambition D.toughness31.A.innocent B.optimistic C.tolerant D.lonely32.A.panic B.evidence C.failure D.grief33.A.simply B.hardly C.skillfully D.secretly34.A.distraction B.addiction C.loss D.annoyance35.A.amusing B.valuable C.astonishing D.universal【答案】21.C22.A23.D24.B25.B26.D27.C28.A29.C30.B31.D32.D33.A34.C35.B【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了2018年3月，MollyBaker在一次滑雪事故中失去了丈夫，為了繼續(xù)幫助她，Baker的朋友CarlaVail想出了一個辦法，幫她度過了艱難的一年。【21題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：MollyBaker在2018年因為一場嚴重的滑雪事故不幸失去了她的丈夫。她當時很絕望。A.cautious謹慎的；B.unconscious無意識的；C.desperate絕望的；D.impassive冷漠的。根據上文“MollyBakerunfortunatelylostherhusbandinasevereskiingaccident.”可知，MollyBaker失去了她的丈夫，因此一定非常絕望。故選C項?！?2題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在他去世后的頭幾周，她的朋友和家人給予了她很大的支持。A.extended延伸，提供，表示；B.demanded要求；C.announced宣布；D.assumed認為。根據前文“MollyBakerunfortunatelylostherhusbandinasevereskiingaccident.”可知，MollyBaker失去了她的丈夫，因此家人和朋友提供了很大的支持。extendsupport意為“提供幫助”。故選A項?！?3題詳析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：但過了一段時間，卡片和飯菜開始減少了。A.passdown傳下來；B.showup出現；C.breakup分手；D.slowdown減速，減少。根據下文“Peoplehadtogetbacktotheirnormal______.”可知，人們要回歸正常生活，所以給MollyBaker的幫助就減少了。故選D項?！?4題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：人們必須回歸他們正常的日常生活。A.exercise練習；B.routine常規(guī)；C.diet飲食；D.growth生長。根據上文“Butafterawhile,thecardsandmealsstartedto______.”可知，過了一段時間，卡片和飯菜開始減少了，是因為人們要回歸他們正常的日常生活。故選B項。【25題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：就在那時，Baker的一位朋友CarlaVail想出了一個辦法，讓這種幫助持續(xù)整整一年。A.resist抵抗；B.continue繼續(xù)；C.explain解釋；D.test測試。根據下文“Shecalleditthe“CalendarGirls”.”可知，CarlaVail想出了一個辦法，讓這種幫助持續(xù)整整一年，并稱之為“日歷女孩”。故選B項?！?6題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：Vail收集了31個想要幫忙的Baker的朋友的名字，并給每個朋友分配了一個特定的日期。A.ordered命令；B.sent發(fā)送；C.owed欠（債等）；D.assigned分配。根據下文“eachfriendaparticularday”可知，Vail給每個朋友分配了一個特定的日期。故選D項?！?7題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Vail還把名字寫在日歷上，這樣Baker就可以知道每天該期待什么了。A.furniture家具；B.file文件；C.calendar日歷；D.Internet因特網。根據上文“Shecalleditthe“CalendarGirls”.”以及下文“soBakercouldknowwhatto______eachday.”可知，Vail稱之為“日歷女孩”，故指還把名字寫在日歷上。故選C項?！?8題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.expect期望；B.absorb吸收；C.propose建議；D.define定義。根據下文“Andwhatthatlookedlikeforthemwasthatonthatday,theywouldreachouttomeinsome______ways—maybeviatext,oracard,”可知，MollyBaker可以在那一天以特定的方式收到卡片或者短信，因此MollyBaker可以根據日歷知道每天該期待什么。故選A項?！?9題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：“對他們來說，那一天的樣子就是他們會以某種特定的方式聯系我——也許是通過短信或賀卡，”Baker說。A.rare稀有的；B.strange奇怪的；C.specific特定的；D.generous慷慨的。根據下文的解釋“—maybeviatext,oracard”可知，MollyBaker的朋友們會以特定的方式聯系她，比如發(fā)短信或者寄賀卡。故選C項?！?0題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：回想起來，Baker覺得Vail的體貼對她應對丈夫的去世至關重要，因為那時她很孤獨。A.curiosity好奇心；B.thoughtfulness體貼；C.ambition雄心；D.toughness堅韌。根據上文“ThatwaswhenoneofBaker’sfriends,CarlaVail,thoughtupawayto______thehelpforanentireyear.”可知，CarlaVail想出了一個辦法，讓這種幫助持續(xù)整整一年，所以Baker覺得Vail的體貼對她應對丈夫的去世至關重要。故選B項。【31題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.innocent無辜的；B.optimistic樂觀的；C.tolerant寬容的；D.lonely孤獨的。根據上文“Peoplehadtogetbacktotheirnormal______.Andsothingskindofdroppedoff”可知，當MollyBaker的朋友都回歸自己的生活時，她很孤獨。故選D項。【32題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“很多人在悲傷面前真的很不舒服，”Baker說。A.panic恐慌；B.evidence證據；C.failure失?。籇.grief悲傷。根據上文“Lookingback,BakerfeelsthatVail’s______wasessentialtohelpinghercopewithherhusband’sdeath”可知，MollyBaker失去了她的丈夫，所以她的朋友們面對的是她的悲傷。故選D項?！?3題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：“所以他們所做的就是什么都不做。擁有’日歷女孩’這個設置很好。”A.simply簡單地；B.hardly幾乎不；C.skillfully熟練地；D.secretly秘密地。根據上文“Sowhattheydois,insteadofdoingsomething,”可知，很多人在悲傷面前真的很不舒服，所以他們只是什么都不做。故選A項?！?4題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：如今，Baker試圖為她那些經歷失去的朋友做一些類似的事情。A.distraction分心；B.addiction上癮；C.loss損失；D.annoyance煩惱。根據空前“Today,Bakertriestodosomethingsimilarforherfriendsgoingthrough”可知，MollyBaker現在會做類似的事來幫助那些與她同樣經歷失去的朋友。故選C項?！?5題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在艱難的時刻，她知道每天都能有事情可期待是多么有價值。A.amusing有趣的；B.valuable有價值的；C.astonishing令人驚訝的；D.universal普遍的。根據下文“havesomethingtolookforwardtoeveryday.”可知，在艱難的時刻，每天都能有事情可期待是有價值的。故選B。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。WiththeInternationalConferenceonFoodLossandWasteclosedonSaturdayinJinan,ShandongProvince,thecountryhassentasignalto____36____wo