新課標(biāo)2024高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)課時(shí)作業(yè)368-1Alandofdiversity新人教版選修8

PAGE1課時(shí)作業(yè)368-1AlandofdiversityⅠ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Shewas________(hire)onthestrengthofhercomputerskills.2．Themajorityoftheinterviewees________(prefer)watchingTVathometogoingtothecinema.3．Trump________(elect)asthepresidentoftheUnitedStates.4．Itsuddenlyoccurred________himthatheshouldadoptthehomelesschild.5．Weshouldnothave________(race)discrimination.6．Iwishtobeconsideredasan________(apply)fortheposition.7．Whoeverbreakstheschoolruleswillsurelyreceive________(punish)．8．Thereisagreatdealofevidence________(indicate)thatlisteningtosoftmusiccanreducestress.9.________(apparent),theiPods,ifusedprobably,arehelpfultoourstudy,especiallytoourEnglishlistening.10．Greatchangeshavetakenplacesinceourcountry________(reform)andopenedtotheoutsideworld30yearsago.答案1.hired2.prefer3.waselected4.to5.racial6．a(chǎn)pplicant7.punishment8.indicating9．Apparently10.reformedⅡ.選詞填空takein，bymeansof，markout，keepup，teamupwith，makealife，applyfor，backtoback,liveon,agreatmany1．TheysettleddowninCanadaand________forthemselves.2．Ilistenedtothespeechcarefully,butIstillcouldn't________.3.________theInternet,wecankeepintouchbysendingemails.4．Mr.Brownsentanemailtothemanager,________ajobinthecompany.5．Theysat________alongtheriver.6．Avolleyballcourthadbeen________onthegrass.7．He________hisbrotherinthedoubles,whichdrewmuchattentionoftheaudience.8．Inmanycountries,youngpeoplestill________thetraditionthatwomenwillgetmarriedinalongwhitedress.9．Tomfoundthattherewere________peoplealreadythere.10．CancerclaimedthelifeofSteveJobsattheageof56,whosespiritwill________foreverinApple.答案1．madealife2.takein3.Bymeansof4．a(chǎn)pplyingfor5.backtoback6.markedout7．teamedupwith8.keepup9.agreatmany10．liveonⅢ.閱讀理解A(2024年高考·課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Wemaythinkwe'reaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices(裝置)wellaftertheygooutofstyle.That'sbadnewsfortheenvironment—andourwallets—astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslife—fromwhenitsmineralsareminedtowhenwestopusingthedevice.Thismethodprovidedareadoutforhowhomeenergyusehasevolvedsincetheearly1990s.Devicesweregroupedbygeneration.Desktopcomputers,basicmobilephones,andbox-setTVsdefined1992.Digitalcamerasarrivedonthescenein1997.AndMP3players,smartphones,andLCDTVsenteredhomesin2002,beforetabletsande-readersshowedupin2007.Asweaccumulatedmoredevices,however,wedidn'tthrowoutouroldones.“Theliving-roomtelevisionisreplacedandgetsplantedinthekids'room,andsuddenlyoneday,youhaveaTVineveryroomofthehouse，”saidoneresearcher.Theaveragenumberofelectronicdevicesrosefromfourperhouseholdin1992to13in2007.We'renotjustkeepingtheseolddevices—wecontinuetousethem.AccordingtotheanalysisofBabbitt'steam,olddesktopmonitorsandboxTVswithcathoderaytubesaretheworstdeviceswiththeirenergyconsumptionandcontributiontogreenhousegasemissions(排放)morethandoublingduringthe1992to2007window.Sowhat'sthesolution(解決方案)?Theteam'sdataonlywentupto2007,buttheresearchersalsoexploredwhatwouldhappenifconsumersreplacedoldproductswithnewelectronicsthatservemorethanonefunction,suchasatabletforwordprocessingandTVviewing.Theyfoundthatmoreon-demandentertainmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.1．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofnewdevices?A．Theyareenvironment-friendly.B．Theyarenobetterthantheold.C．Theycostmoretouseathome.D．Theygooutofstylequickly.2．WhydidBabbitt'steamconducttheresearch?A．Toreducethecostofminerals.B．Totestthelifecycleofaproduct.C．Toupdateconsumersonnewtechnology.D．Tofindoutelectricityconsumptionofthedevices.3．Whichofthefollowingusestheleastenergy?A．Thebox-setTV. B．Thetablet.C．TheLCDTV. D．Thedesktopcomputer.4．Whatdoesthetextsuggestpeopledoaboutoldelectronicdevices?A．Stopusingthem. B．Takethemapart.C．Upgradethem. D．Recyclethem.答案與解析本文是一篇科普說明文。文章講解并描述了新舊電子設(shè)備的差別，舊電子設(shè)備耗能高，不環(huán)保。所以作者主見運(yùn)用新電子設(shè)備。1．A觀點(diǎn)看法題。依據(jù)文章第一段中的That'sbadnewsfortheenvironment—andourwallets—astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.可知，運(yùn)用舊的電子設(shè)備對(duì)環(huán)境和我們的錢包都是壞消息。這些過時(shí)的設(shè)備做相同的事情要消耗比新設(shè)備更多的能量。由此推知作者認(rèn)為新電子設(shè)備環(huán)保、節(jié)能。故選A。2．D細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章其次段中的Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslife可知，Babbitt'steam探討的目的是弄清晰這些設(shè)備用了多少電。故選D。3．B細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章最終一段中的Theyfoundthatmoreon-demandentertainmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.可知，平板電腦是耗能最少的電子設(shè)備，可以降低44%的耗能。故選B。4．A推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章的整體內(nèi)容可知，因?yàn)榕f的電子設(shè)備耗能高，不環(huán)保。所以作者建議停止運(yùn)用舊的電子設(shè)備。故選A。B(2024年高考·天津卷)There'sanewfrontierin3Dprintingthat'sbeginningtocomeintofocus:food.Recentdevelopmenthasmadepossiblemachinesthatprint，cook,andservefoodsonamassscale.Andtheindustryisn'tstoppingthere.FoodproductionWitha3Dprinter,acookcanprintcomplicatedchocolatesculpturesandbeautifulpiecesfordecorationonaweddingcake.Noteverybodycandothat—ittakesyearsofexperience,butaprintermakesiteasy.ArestaurantinSpainusesaFoodinito“re-createformsandpieces”offoodthatare“exactlythesame，”freeingcookstocompleteothertasks.Inanotherrestaurant,allofthedishesanddessertsitservesare3D-printed，ratherthanfarmtotable.Sustainability(可持續(xù)性)Theglobalpopulationisexpectedtogrowto9.6billionby2050,andsomeanalystsestimatethatfoodproductionwillneedtoberaisedby50percenttomaintaincurrentlevels.Sustainabilityisbecominganecessity.3Dfoodprintingcouldprobablycontributetothesolution.Someexpertsbelieveprinterscouldusehydrocolloids(水解膠體)fromplentifulrenewableslikealgae(藻類)andgrasstoreplacethefamiliaringredients(烹飪?cè)?.3Dprintingcanreducefueluseandemissions.Grocerystoresofthefuturemightstock“food”thatlastsyearsonend,freeingupshelfspaceandreducingtransportationandstoragerequirements.NutritionFuture3Dfoodprinterscouldmakeprocessedfoodhealthier.HodLipson,aprofessoratColumbiaUniversity,said,“Foodprintingcouldallowconsumerstoprintfoodwithcustomizednutritionalcontent,likevitamins.Soinsteadofeatingapieceofyesterday'sbreadfromthesupermarket,you'deatsomethingbakedjustforyouondemand.”ChallengesDespiterecentadvancementsin3Dfoodprinting,theindustryhasmanychallengestoovercome.Currently,mostingredientsmustbechangedtoapaste(糊狀物)beforeaprintercanusethem,andtheprintingprocessisquitetime-consuming,becauseingredientsinteractwitheachotherinverycomplexways.Ontopofthat,mostofthe3Dfoodprintersnowarerestrictedtodryingredients,becausemeatandmilkproductsmayeasilygobad.Someexpertsareskepticalabout3Dfoodprinters,believingtheyarebettersuitedforfastfoodrestaurantsthanhomesandhigh-endrestaurants.5．Whatbenefitdoes3Dprintingbringtofoodproduction?A．Ithelpscookstocreatenewdishes.B．Itsavestimeandeffortincooking.C．Itimprovesthecookingconditions.D．Itcontributestorestaurantdecorations.6．Whatcanwelearnabout3DfoodprintingfromParagraph3?A．Itsolvesfoodshortageseasily.B．Itquickensthetransportationoffood.C．Itneedsnospaceforthestorageoffood.D．Itusesrenewablematerialsassourcesoffood.7．AccordingtoParagraph4,3D-printedfood________．A．ismoreavailabletoconsumersB．canmeetindividualnutritionalneedsC．ismoretastythanfoodinsupermarketsD．cankeepallthenutritioninrawmaterials8．Whatisthemainfactorthatprevents3Dfoodprintingfromspreadingwidely?A．Theprintingprocessiscomplicated.B．3Dfoodprintersaretooexpensive.C．Foodmaterialshavetobedry.D．Someexpertsdoubt3Dfoodprinting.9．Whatcouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?A．3DFoodPrinting:DeliciousNewTechnologyB．ANewWaytoImprove3DFoodPrintingC．TheChallengesfor3DFoodProductionD．3DFoodPrinting:FromFarmtoTable答案與解析本文是一篇科普類短文閱讀。文章主要介紹了3D打印技術(shù)在食物上的應(yīng)用取得了進(jìn)展，但目前仍面臨著很多方面的挑戰(zhàn)。5．B推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章Foodproduction中敘述了沒有閱歷的人可以用3D打印機(jī)做出困難的巧克力雕塑和漂亮的婚禮蛋糕，以及餐廳能夠用3D打印機(jī)打印出全部的菜肴和甜點(diǎn)，從而可以推斷出3D打印的優(yōu)勢(shì)是節(jié)約了做飯的時(shí)間和精力。故選B。6．D細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第三段Someexpertsbelieveprinterscouldusehydrocolloids(水解膠體)fromplentifulrenewableslikealgae(藻類)andgrasstoreplacethefamiliaringredients(烹飪?cè)?．可知，3D打印機(jī)可以運(yùn)用可再生材料作為食物來源。故選D。7．B推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章第四段Foodprintingcouldallowconsumerstoprintfoodwithcustomizednutritionalcontent,likevitamins.(食品打印可以讓消費(fèi)者打印定制養(yǎng)分的食物)，從而可以推斷出3D打印出來的食物可以滿意個(gè)人養(yǎng)分需求。故選B。8．C細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章最終一段mostofthe3Dfoodprintersnowarerestrictedtodryingredients,becausemeatandmilkproductsmayeasilygobad.可知，阻擋3D打印食物進(jìn)一步廣泛運(yùn)用的緣由是原料必需是干的，含水多的肉和牛奶不能應(yīng)用于3D打印因?yàn)楹芎?jiǎn)單壞。故選C。9．A主旨大意題。文章主要介紹了3D打印技術(shù)在食物上的應(yīng)用取得了進(jìn)展，但目前仍面臨著很多方面的挑戰(zhàn)。所以用標(biāo)題3DFoodPrinting:DeliciousNewTechnology，故選A。Ⅳ.語(yǔ)法填空閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。(2024年高考·課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)DietshavechangedinChina—andsotoohasitstopcrop.Since2011,thecountry__1__(grow)morecornthanrice.Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentover___2__past25years,whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.Atasteformeatis__3__(actual)behindthechange:Animportantpartofitscornisusedtofeedchickens,pigsandcattle.Anotherreasonforcorn'srise:Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice___4__(improve)waterquality.Cornuseslesswater__5__riceandcreateslessfertilizer(化肥)runoff.Thisswitchhasdecreased__6__(pollute)inthecountry'smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople.AccordingtotheWorldBank,Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotal__7__(globe)fertilizerconsumptio