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碩士研究生英語(yǔ)學(xué)位-23(總分100,考試時(shí)間90分鐘)PARTⅠLISTENINGCOMPREHENSIONSectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearnineshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversationaquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbereadonlyonce.Choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesgivenbymarkingthecorrespondingletterwithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourmachine-scoringAnswerSheet.
【點(diǎn)此下載音頻文件】1.A.Eatalittlebitpotatochips.
B.Staywithhisdecision.
C.Changehisgoal.
D.Throwawaythetrash.2.A.Amymisseslecturesfromtimetotime.
B.Amydoesn'tpaymuchattentioninclass.
C.Amyprobablyknowshowtoanswerthisquestion.
D.Amyisstuckwiththesamequestion.3.A.Apetpsychologist.
B.Aschoolteacher.
C.Afitnesstrainer.
D.Afurnituredesigner.4.A.Shecan'tgivehimanygoodadvice.
B.Sheisveryfamiliarwiththecity.
C.SheisnewtoNewYork.
D.Shewon'tlendahandtohim.5.A.Someonefamousisridinginthecar.
B.Shehasanicecollectionofcarphotos.
C.Thecarisinfrontofsomethinginteresting.
D.Thedesignofthecarisreallyimpressive.
【點(diǎn)此下載音頻文件】6.A.ThetraintotheMarketSquareiscancelled.
B.ThemanhasmissedthetraintotheMarketSquare.
C.Thenexttrainwillleaveintenminutes.
D.Theman**etoawrongstation.7.A.Hedoesn'tbelieveherstory.
B.Heisnotsurprisedtohearthat.
C.Healsowantstoloseweight.
D.Hecareslittleabouthissize.8.A.
Marywillshowupontime.
B.Maryisalwayslate.
C.Maryhasagoodexcuseforherabsence.
D.Marywaskeptbusywithwork.9.A.Heisaclumsyperson.
B.Heisagoodwaiter.
C.Heisacarefulguy.
D.Heisatoughman.SectionBDirections:Inthissectionyouwillheartwomini-talks.Attheendofeachtalk,therewillbesomequestions.Boththetalksandthequestionswillbereadtoyouonlyonce.Aftereachquestion,therewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesgivenbymarkingthecorrespondingletterwithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourmachine-scoringAnswerSheet.
【點(diǎn)此下載音頻文件】1.A.One.
B.Two.
C.Three.
D.Four.2.A.Becausetheylearnedadifferentwritingstructure.
B.Becausetheydon'tappreciatethistypeofformulawriting.
C.Becausetheyusedtowritelongacademicpapers.
D.Becausetheyhavedifferentproblem-solvingstrategies.3.A.Placingthethesisatthebeginning.
B.Writingshortersentences.
C.Statingthemainideaattheendofthepaper.
D.Usingfewerdescriptivewords.
【點(diǎn)此下載音頻文件】4.A.Organicfarmingcanreducesoilerosion.
B.Organiccropsproduceloweryields.
C.Organicallygrownfoodtastesstrange.
D.Organicfarmingisbetterfortheenvironment,5.A.
Itwillgrow70%.
B.Ittendstoberelativelystable.
C.Itisexpectedtodecline.
D.Itcoulddouble.6.A.Organicfarmingonalargescale.
B.Acombinationoforganicandconventionalmethods.
C.Conventionalfarmingwithoutanyuseoffertilizers.
D.Geneticfarmingusedwithcaution.SectionCDirections:Inthissectionyouwillhearashortlecture.Listentotherecording**pletethenotesaboutthelecture,Youwillbeartherecordingtwice.Aftertherecordingyouareaskedtowritedownyouranswerson,theAnswerSheet,Younowhave25secondstoreadthenotesbelow.
【點(diǎn)此下載音頻文件】1.Whetherit'syourfriend'stermpaperorwordsofawell-knownauthor,plagiarismis______(3words).2.First,whenCassiequotesanauthordirectly,sheuses______(2words)aroundthewords.3.Second,she'scarefultouse______(4words)whenshe'snotquotingdirectly.4.Third,shecanuseideaslikedrawings,speeches,music,structuralmodelsandstatisticsaslongas______(3words).5.Andlastly,sheisawarethatsomeideasare______(2words)anddon'tneedasource.PARTⅡVOCABULARYSectionADirections:Therearetenquestionsinthissection.Eachquestionisasentencewithonewordorphraseunderlined,BelowthesentencearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosethewordorphrasethatisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedone.Markthecorrespondingletterwithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourmachine-scoringAnswerSheet.1.Theamountofhomeassignmentsnormallydiminishestowardstheendofthesemester.A.decreases
B.improves
C.mounts
D.fluctuates2.Withoutthesepreventivemeasures,televisionpicturewouldbecomeunclearandfragmented.A.fragile
B.invisible
C.discontinued
D.vulgar3.Weenjoyedtheholidayexceptfortheexpensethatseemedalittlebitbeyondourexpectation.A.apartfrom
B.thanksto
C.priorto
D.asfor4.Theheavyearthquakeoccurredintheafternoon,causinganinconceivabledamage.A.unnecessary
B.unreasonable
C.unavoidable
D.unbelievable5.I'11trytofulfillmypromisetomyparentsthatIcantakecareofmyselfatcollege.A.fallbackon
B.liveupto
C.goinfor
D.breakdowninto6.Wildlifeconservationinvolvescaringfortheirhabitatandcreatingmorenaturereserves.A.reservation
B.utilization
C.dedication
D.protection7.Thereisstillsomereluctanceonthepartofemployerstobecomeinvolvedinthisproject.A.comingfrom
B.resultingin
C.focusedon
D.concernedwith8.Itisgenerallyrecognizedthatdifferentformsofmusiccanconveydifferentkindsofsentiment.A.audience
B.instrument
C.requirement
D.emotion9.Thespokesmantalkedaboutthecauseoftheaccident,butthemediadidn'tseemtobuyit.A.purchase
B.exaggerate
C.accept
D.confirm10.Aspoliticalstabilityisoneofourprimeconcerns,wehavemuchfaithinthegovernment.A.minor
B.principal
C.ordinary
D.previousSectionBDirections:Therearetenquestionsinthissection.Eachquestionisasentencewithsomethingmissing.BeloweachsentencearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD,Chooseonewordorphrasethat**pletesthesentence,Markthecorrespondingletterwithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourmachine-scoringAnswerSheet.1.Ifonehopestoeatabrain-healthdiet,______whattobelievecanbeoverwhelming.A.wearingout
B.figuringout
C.turningout
D.runningout2.Rescuetroopsweresenttohelpthevehicles______thedeepsnowatshortnotice.A.stuckin
B.soakedwith
C.affiliatedto
D.intendedfor3.Eatingbettercouldhelpreducethebrain______,saveourmemoryandkeeponealert.A.package
B.leakage
C.drainage
D.shrinkage4.Humanlanguagecanimpartdetailedinformationaboutmattersnotdirectly______tooursenses.A.disposable
B.accessible
C.feasible
D.edible5.Thisstudyinvolvesmonitoringthesleep______of100mentallyhealthypeopleaged45to80.A.rules
B.orders
C.characters
D.patterns6.Smokersmayresumesmokingtocontrolweightsincepoundstypically______whensmokingisdiscontinued.A.growup
B.coverup
C.creepup
D.lookup7.Thegovernmentwill______alongtimetodissipatethemistrustamongstakeholdersinthemarket.A.take
B.spend
C.cost
D.involve8.Harvardreceived30,489applicationsthisyear,______29,114applicationslastyear.A.forexample
B.comparedto
C.suchas
D.butfor9.ThedesiretospeakgoodEnglishhasdriventhesechildrentomakearemarkabletwo-hour______toschooleveryday.A.visit
B.tour
C.journey
D.outing10.OurbusinesspartnerinBeijingisfriendlyenoughtooffermeacar______.A.tonoavail
B.onmyown
C.beyondmyreach
D.atmydisposalPARTⅢCLOZEDirections:Thereare10questionsinthispartofthetest.Readthepassagethrough.Then,gobackandchooseonesuitablewordorphrasemarkedA,B,C,orDforeachblankinthepassage.Markthecorrespondingletterofthewordorphraseyouhavechosenwithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourmachine-scoringAnswerSheet.
Recentprogressinpublichealthhashelpedpeoplelivelongerandhealthierlives.Thereisabundantevidenceof
1
theuseofexistingknowledgehasledtomajorimprovementsinthelife
2
andqualityoflifeofmiddle-agedandolderpeople.Yetapproximatelyfourinfivechronicdiseasedeathsnowoccurinlowandmiddleincomecountries,whosepeoplearealsomore
3
todyingprematurely.
Theresultsofstudiessuggestthataglobalgoalforpreventingchronicdiseaseisneededtogeneratethe
4
actionsrequiredtoreducethediseaseburden.Thetargetforthisproposedgoalisanadditional2%reductioninthedeath
5
fromchronicdiseaseannuallyoverthenext10yearsto2015.Theindicatorsforthemeasurementofsuccess
6
thisgoalarethenumberofchronicdiseasedeaths
7
andthenumberofhealthylifeyearsgained.Thistargetwasdeveloped
8
theachievementsofseveralcountries,suchasPoland,whichachieveda6-10%annualreductionincardiovasculardeathsduringthe1990s.Similarresultshavebeenrealizedinanumberofcountries
9
in**prehensiveprogramshavebeen
10
.1.A.which
B.how
C.what
D.that2.A.form
B.origin
C.expectancy
D.story3.A.easy
B.prone
C.immune
D.possible4.A.sustained
B.retained
C.entertained
D.constrained5.A.quantity
B.extent
C.toll
D.intensity6.A.near
B.at
C.towards
D.by7.A.increased
B.prevented
C.saved
D.destroyed8.A.aheadof
B.basedon
C.knownto
D.lackingin9.A.byfar
B.justnow
C.sofar
D.sothat10.A.introduced
B.performed
C.rehearsed
D.watchedPARTⅣREADINGCOMPREHENSIONDirections:Inthispartofthetest,therearefiveshortpassages,Readeachpassagecarefully,andthendothequestionsthatfollow.Choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesgivenandmarkthecorrespondingletterwithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourmachine-scoringAnswerSheet.PassageOne
Overthepast30years,thechildhoodobesityrateintheUnitedStateshasdoubledforchildrenandtripledforadolescents.Since95percentofyoungpeopleareenrolledinschools,manyexpertsbelieveinnovativeschoolprogramscangoalongwaytohelpingfightchildhoodobesity.
CalvaryPreschoolinPittsford,Vermont,iseventeachingthechildrenhowtoenjoyplayingoutside.TheideaofhavingtoteachkidshowtoplayoutsideleavesAnitaCaldwell,ateacherthere,dumbfounded."Youjustkindoftakeforgrantedthatkidswanttogooutsideandplaybutthenyourecognize,whenyoutalktothem,thattheydon't,"saysCaldwell."TheyspendtheirdaywithalargescreenTVandsomesnacks."
Fellowteacher,LauraPeterson,agrees."WhenIwasgrowingup--'shoo!'--outthedoorinthemorningandyou'dplayoutsideuntilthestreetlightscameonatnight."Butit'sdifferenttoday,shesays.Withmanyparentsworking,it'softeneasierforthemtohavetheirkidsplayinsidewithavideogameorwatchTV
Petersonsaysanearlychildhoodeducationclassgotherthinkingaboutwaystoincorporatemoreactivityintotheirschoolday.Shebegantoresearchplaygroundequipmentandfoundmanyexpertsrecommendingthebenefitsof"backtonature"unstructuredplay.Kidstodayaremoreusedtostructuredplay,wheretheyhavetofollowrules,listentoacoach,orplayonspecificequipment.So,shesays,theirfirstbigchallengewasgettingthekidstofreelyexplorethethingsalongthetrail.
"Whenwestartedtogooffthetrailintothewoods,thekidshadnoideawhattodo.Isaid,'Wow,lookatallthesetrees,let'splay!'Andtheykindoflookedatme,'Whatareyoutalkingabout?'Sowehadtoshowthemhowtowalkontreesandhowtoswingoffthemontootherbranchesandseethelittleholesunderneaththatyoucanplayin."
Atatimewhenmanyschoolshavecutbackontheirphysicaleducationprograms,Calvary'sweeklyhikedayisunique.Onedayaweekoutsideprobablyisn'tenough,Petersonsays.Butasshewatchesherstudentsrunthroughthewoods,shesmiles,andsaysit'sagoodstart.1.Whatistheopinionofmanyexpertsonchildhoodobesity?A.Schoolsarelargelytoblamefortheproblem.
B.Schoolscanactuallydolittleabouttheproblem.
C.Schoolscanplayabigroleinaddressingtheproblem.
D.Schoolsaresupposedtooffersolutionstotheproblem.2.Theword"dumbfounded"(Para.2)mostprobablymeans______.A.relieved
B.surprised
C.uninterested
D.excited3.Comparedwiththekidsinthepast,kidstoday______.A.wouldratherplayalone
B.enjoyindooractivitiesmore
C.preferorganizedoutdoorplays
D.spendmoretimeplayingwithparents4.Intheunstructuredplay,kidsmostly______.A.needtofollowordersstrictly
B.learntousebasicequipment
C.havetoworkwithateam
D.playwithoutmuchrestriction5.Paragraph5mainlydescribes______.A.thekids'unfamiliaritywiththewoods
B.thekids'understandingofwoods
C.thepurposeoftrainingkidsinthewoods
D.thebenefitsofplayinginthewoods6.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizestheauthor'sattitudetowardoutdoorplay?A.Critical.
B.Neutral.
C.Supportive.
D.Unclear.PassageTwo
In1977IrenePepperbergdidsomethingverybold.Atatimewhenanimalsstillwereconsideredautomaticinbehavior,shesetouttofindoutwhatwasonanothercreature'smindbytalkingtoit.
Atthattime,manyscientistsbelievedanimalswereincapableofanythought.Theyweresimplymachines,robotsprogrammedtoreacttostimulibutlackingtheabilitytothinkorfeel."That'swhyIstartedmystudieswithAlex,"Pepperbergsaid.Alexwasaone-year-oldAfricangrayparrotPepperbergboughtinaChicagopetstore.Sheletthestore'sassistantpickhimoutbecauseshedidn'twantotherscientistssayinglaterthatshe'dintentionallychosenanespeciallysmartbirdforherwork.GiventhatAlex'sbrainwasthesizeofashelledwalnut,mostresearchersthoughtPepperberg's**municationstudywouldfail.
UnderPepperberg'spatientinstruction,AlexlearnedhowtousehisvocaltracttoimitatealmostonehundredEnglishwords.Theywereclearlyateam--andbecauseoftheirwork,thenotionthatanimalscanthinkisnolongersofanciful.SinceAlexwasabletoproduceacloseapproximationofthesoundsofsomeEnglishwords,Pepperbergcouldaskhimquestionsaboutabird'sbasicunderstandingoftheworld.Ofcourseshecouldn'taskhimwhathewasthinkingabout,butshecouldaskhimabouthisknowledgeofnumbers,shapes,andcolors.Todemonstrate,Pepperbergtookagreenkeyandasmallgreencupfromabasketonashelf.SheheldupthetwoitemstoAlex'seye.
"What'ssame?"sheasked.
Withouthesitation,Alex'ssaid."Co-lor."
"What'sdifferent?"Pepperbergasked.
"Shape,"Alexsaid.Hisvoicehadthedigitizedsoundofacartooncharacter.Butthewords--andwhatcanonlybecalledthethoughts--wereentirelyhis.
And,then,asiftoofferfinalproofofthemindinsidehisbird'sbrain,Alexspokeup."Talkclearly!"hecommanded,whenoneoftheyoungerbirdsPepperbergwasalsoteachingmispronouncedthewordgreen."Talkclearly!""Theyneedtobeabletodistinguishcolorstoknowwhenafruitisripeorunripe,"Pepperbergnoted."Theyneedtoknowtheshapesoftheirenemies.Andithelpstohaveaconceptofnumbersifyouneedtokeeptrackofyourflock.Foralonglivedbird,youcan'tdoallofthiswithinstinct;cognitionmustbeinvolved."1.IrenePepperbergisprobablysomeonewho______.A.likestofollowthebooks
B.isalwayspreparedforchances
C.knowswhentogiveup
D.hasapioneeringspirit2.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph2thatAlex______.A.wasanextremelycleverbird
B.waswell-trainedbythepetstore
C.wasrandomlychosenforthestudy
D.wastooyoungforthestudy3.HowdidotherscientistsviewPepperberg'sstudyatfirst?A.Itwouldbealong-termproject.
B.Itwouldprobablybeafruitlesseffort.
C.Itwouldbehardtojudgeitsvalue.
D.Itwouldbeaninterestingattempt.4.Pepperberg'sstudywithAlexwasintendedtoprovethatanimals______.A.dohavethoughts
B.dolivelonglives
C.canbecomeman'sfriends
D.canlearntospeak5.Theword"cognition"inthelastparagraphreferstoA.thereproductionofhumansound
B.theunderstandingofthehumanworld
C.theabilitytoacquireknowledge
D.theskilltolookafterone'sflock6.Thepassagefocuseson______.A.thenewwayofcommunicationPepperbergproposed
B.theproblemsthatPepperbergfacedintheexperiment
C.whatcausedPepperbergtocarryouttheexperiment
D.howPepperbergprovedhertheoryaboutanimalthoughtPassageThere
Evenduringthehorseandcarriagedays,trafficinbigcitieswasoftenheavy.Policeofficershadtobestationedfulltimedirectingtrafficatbusyintersections.
Theworld'sfirsttrafficlightcameintobeingbeforetheautomobilewasinuse,andtrafficconsistedonlyofpedestrians,carriagesandwagons.OnDecember10,1868,thefirsttrafficlightswereinstalledoutsidetheBritishHousesofParliamentinLondon,bytherailwayengineerJ.P.Knight.Theyresembledrailwaysignalsofthetime,withsignalingarmsandredandgreengaslampsfornightuse.Thegaslanternwasturnedwithaleveratitsbasesothattheappropriatelightfacedtraffic.Unfortunately,itexplodedon2January1869,injuringthepolicemanwhowasoperatingit.
ThemodernelectrictrafficlightisanAmericaninvention.Asearlyas1912inSaltLakeCity,Utah,policemanLesterWireinventedthefirstred-greenelectrictrafficlights.On5August1914,theAmericanTrafficSignalCompanyinstalledatrafficsignalsystem.Ithadtwocolors,redandgreen,andabuzzer,basedonthedesignofJamesHoge,toprovideawarningforcolorchanges.ThedesignbyJamesHogeallowedpoliceandfirestationstocontrolthesignalsincaseofemergency.Thefirstfour-way,three-colortrafficlightwascreatedbypoliceofficerWilliamPottsinDetroit,Michiganin1920.
TimersontrafficlightswerefirstseeninTaipei,China,andthenbroughttotheU.S.afteranengineerdiscovereditsuse.ThoughuncommoninmostAmericanurbanareas,timersarestillusedinsomeotherWesternHemispherecountries.Timersareusefulfordriverstoplanifthereisenoughtimetoattempttocrossthecrossroadbeforethelightturnsredandtheamountoftimebeforethelightturnsgreen.
Thecolorsofthetrafficlightsarepsychologicallyassociatedwiththemessagetheyaremeanttotransmit.Redisclassicallyseenasacolorrepresentingdangerorcaution.(Therearecountlessphrasesandidiomsthatuse"red"asamessageofthebadorunknown--"inthered"and"seeingred.")Green,ontheotherhand,isareassuringcolorinmostcultures--thecolorofnatureandgrowth;ofharmony,freshness,andfertility.Greenhasastrongemotionalcorrespondencewiththeideaofsafety,andwasintuitivelychosentoguidepedestriansresponsiblythroughanintersection.1.Beforetrafficlightswereputintoplace,______.A.traffichadbeguntoshowsignsofproblems
B.carshadalreadycausedsometrafficproblems
C.trafficcongestionwasconsideredoutofcontrol
D.therewasnotmuchtrafficonurbanroads2.itcanbelearnedthatthefirsttrafficlight______.A.couldbecontrolledfromadistance
B.waspoweredbyelectricity
C.hadtobeoperatedbyhand
D.causedmoreharmthangood3.Thefirstelectronictrafficlightwasinventedby______.A.JamesHoge
B.J.P.Knight
C.LesterWire
D.WilliamPotts4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsabouttimersistrue?A.TheywereinventedbyanAmericanengineer.
B.TheyarewidelyusedinmostAmericancities.
C.Theyarequitenecessaryfordirectingtraffic.
D.Theyhelpdriversmakedecisionsatthecrossroads.5.Inthelastparagraph,theauthormeansto______.A.analyzetheculturalmeaningsofdifferentcolors
B.explainwhyredandgreenarechosenfortrafficlights
C.pointoutthebenefitsofdesigningcoloredtrafficlights
D.praisetheinventorsoftrafficlightsfortheircreativity6.Thepassagemainlydiscusses______.A.thefunctionoftrafficlights
B.theevolutionoftrafficlights
C.theimportanceoftrafficlights
D.theoperationoftrafficlightsPassageFouro
Muchinkhasbeenspilledonthequestionofhumanhairlessness:why,asDesmondMorrisputitinthetitleofabookpublishedini967,humankindis"TheNakedApe."Lessattentionhasbeenpaid,though,tothefactthathumansarenotreallyhairlessatall.Persquarecentimeterhumanskinhasasmanyhairfollicles(毛囊)asthatofothergreatapes.Thedifferenceisinthefinenessofthehair.Thesefinehumanhairsdonotseemtoperformanyofthefunctionsoftheircounterpartsinmorehairyspecies(insulationandsignaling).Sowhataretheyfor?
ThatisaquestionaddressedbyIsabelleDeanandMichaelSiva-JothyofSheffieldUniversity,inBritain,whotooktremendouspersuasionandefforttorecruit29volunteers--19menand10women.Eachhadapatchofskinononearmshaved,markedwithapenandsurroundedbypetroleumjelly,andapatchofthesamesizeontheothermarkedandsurrounded,butnotshaved.Thebugshadbeenfedaweekandthenstarved,sotheywereeagertoeat.Volunteerswereaskedtolookawaywhilearesearcherputabugononeoftheskinpatches.Thevolunteerwasthensupposedtorecord,usingapress-buttoncounter,thenumberoftimesheperceivedtheinsectmovingonhisskin.
Thedifferencewassignificant.Whenthebugwasonahairypatchitwasdetected,onaverage,everyfourseconds.Whenitwasonashavedpatch,morethantensecondselapsedbetweendetections.Moreover,thebugsseemedtofindithardertolocateagoodspottobitewhentheyweresurroundedbyhair.Thoughnovolunteerwasactuallybitten,becausethevigilanceofthewatchingresearchermeanttheinsectswereremovedwhentheywerereadyforbiting,bugsonhairyskintookaboutafifthlongerthanthoseonshavedskintoattempttobitetheirhosts.
Inbothcasesmenwerebetteroffthanwomenwhenthebugswerereleasedonunshavenpatchesofskin,thoughtherewasnosignificantdifferencebetweenthesexeswhentheywereshaved.Theconclusionisthatonereasonhumanbodyhairhasnot**pletelyistowarnandprotectusfromtheattentionofhostileinsects.1.TheauthorthinksthatDesmondMorrisandthoseholdingsimilarviews______.A.haveoverlookedthefact
B.haveneverstudiedhumanhairlessness
C.have**monsense
D.haveraisedagoodargument2.DeanandSiva-Jothyhypothesizedbeforetheexperimentthatthebodyhairofhumans______.A.isbasicallyuseless
B.mayeventuallydisappear
C.performsrealfunctions
D.playsasimilarroleasthatofotherspecies3.1tisimpliedinthepassagethat______.A.volunteersfortheexperimentweredifficulttofind
B.manystudentsweredeniedthechancetobeinthetest
C.morevolunteerswereneededtomakethetestreliable
D.studentsingeneralwereinterestedintheexperiment4.Paragraph2focusesontheexperiment's______.A.requirements
B.procedure
C.feasibility
D.rationale5.Significantdifferencewasfound______.A.betweenmaleandfemalevolunteersunderallconditions
B.whenonepartoftheskinwasshavedwhiletheotherremainedhairy
C.whensomebugswerestarvedwhiletheotherswerewell-fed
D.whensomevolunteerswereallowedtoseewhiletheothersweren't6.ThefindingsoftheexperimentA.giveareasonableexplanationforwhyhumanbodyhairhasshrunk
B.failtoestablishalinkbetweenhumanbodyhairandskinproblems
C.offeroneevidenceforwhyhumanbodyhairisstillheretothisday
D.confirmwhatwehavealreadyknownabouthumanbodyhairPassageFive
CARDINALMEZZOFANTIofBolognawasasaintwhowassaidtospeak72languages.NoonewascertainofthetrueFigure,butitwasalot.VisitorsflockedfromallcornersofEuropetotesthimandcameawaystunned.Twocondemnedprisonerswereduetobeexecuted,butnooneknewtheirlanguagetoheartheirconfession.Mezzofantilearneditinanight,heardtheirsinsthenextmorningandsavedthemfromhell.
Orsothelegendgoes.InBabelNoMore,MichaelErardhaswrittenthefirstseriousbookaboutthepeoplewhomastervastnumbersoflanguages.Ajournalistwithsomelinguisticstraining,Mr.Erardisnotahyperpolyglothimself,butheapproacheshistopicwithbothwonderandahealthydashofskepticism.
Tofindoutwhetheranyonecouldreallylearnsomanylanguages,Mr.ErardsetouttofindmodernMezzofantis.Thepeoplehemeetsarecertainlyinteresting.Onemanwithamentalageofninehasavastmemoryforforeignwordsandtheuseofgrammaticalendings,buthecannotseemtobreakfreeofEnglishword-order.KenHale,whowasalinguistatMITanddiedin2001,wassaidtohavelearned50languages.Professionallinguistsstillswearbyhistalent.Butheinsistedhespokeonlythreeandcouldmerely"talk"inothers.Mr.Erardsaysthattruehyperpolyglotterybeginsatabout11languages,andthatwhilelegendsabound,triedandtestedexemplarsarefew.
Hyperpolyglotsarelikelytobeintroverted,which**easasurprisetosome.Hale'ssonalwayssaidthat,inhisfather'scase,languageswereacloakforashyman.EmilKrebs,aGermandiplomatwhowasalso.creditedwithknowing
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