專題03 閱讀理解議論文(原卷版)-五年（2017-2021）高考英語真題分項(xiàng)匯編（浙江專用）

五年（2017-2021）高考英語真題分項(xiàng)匯編（浙江專用）閱讀理解·議論文1.（2021年1月，浙江高考）Atthestartofthe20thcentury，anAmericanengineernamedJohnElfrethWatkinsmadepredictionsaboutlifetoday.Hispredictionsaboutslowingpopulationgrowth，mobilephonesandincreasingheightwereclosetothemark.Buthewaswronginoneprediction：thateverybodywouldwalk10milesaday.Today，inAustralia，mostchildrenonaveragefall2，000stepsshortofthephysicalactivitytheyneedtoavoidbeingoverweight.Intheearly1970s，40percentofchildrenwalkedtoschool，whilein2010，itwasaslowas15percent.Thedeclineisnotbecausewehaveallbecomelazy.Familiesarepressedfortime，manywithbothparentsworkingtopayfortheirhouse，oftenworkinghoursnotoftheirchoosing，livingincar﹣dependentneighborhoodswithlimitedpublictransport.Theothersideofthecoinisequallyadeprivation：forhealthandwell﹣being，aswellaslostopportunities（機(jī)會(huì)）forchildrentogettoknowtheirlocalsurroundings.Andforparentstherearelostopportunitiestowalkandtalkwiththeiryoungscholarabouttheirday.Mostparentswillhaveeagerlyaskedtheirchildabouttheirday，onlytomeetwitha"good"，quicklyfollowedby"I'mhungry".Thisisalsomyexperienceasamother.Butsomewhereoverthedailywalkmoreaboutmyson'sdaycomesout.Ihearhimmakingsenseoffriendshipanditslimits.Thisistheunexpectedandrareparentalopportunitytohearmore.Manyprimaryschoolssupportwalkingschool﹣busroutes（路線），withdaysofregular，parent﹣accompaniedwalks.Doingjustoneoftheseafewtimesaweekisbetterthannothing.Itcanbetoughtobeginandtakesalittleplanning﹣runningshoesbythefrontdoor，lunchesmadethenightbefore，umbrellasonrainydaysandhatsonhotones﹣butit'scertainlyworthtrying.24．WhydoestheauthormentionWatkins'predictionsinthefirstparagraph？A.Tomakecomparisons.B.Tointroducethetopic.C.Tosupportherargument.D.Toprovideexamples.25．WhathascausedthedecreaseinAustralianchildren'sphysicalactivity？A.Plainlaziness.B.Healthproblems.C.Lackoftime.D.Securityconcerns.26．Whydoestheauthorfindwalkingwithhersonworthwhile？A.Shecangetrelaxedafterwork.B.Shecankeepphysicallyfit.C.Shecanhelpwithherson'sstudy.D.Shecanknowhersonbetter.2.（2018年6月，浙江高考）Asculturalsymbolsgo,theAmericancarisquiteyoung.TheModelTFordwasbuiltatthePiquettePlantinMichiganacenturyago,withthefirstrollingofftheassemblyline（裝配線）onSeptember27,1908.Onlyelevencarswereproducedthenextmonth.ButeventuallyHenryFordwouldbuildfifteenmillionofthem.ModernAmericawasbornontheroad,behindawheel.ThecarshapedsomeofthemostlastingaspectsofAmericanculture:theroadsidediner,thebillboard,themotel,eventhehamburger.Formostofthelastcentury,thecarrepresentedwhatitmeanttobeAmerican—goingforwardathighspeedtofindnewworlds.Theroadnovel,theroadmovie,thesearethemosttypicalAmericanideas,bornofabundantpetrol,cheapcarsandanever-endinginterstatehighwaysystem,thelargestpublicworksprojectinhistory.In1928HerbertHooverimaginedanAmericawith“achickenineverypotandacarineverygarage.”Sincethen,thissocietyhasmovedonward,neverlookingback,asthecartransformedAmericafromafarm-basedsocietyintoanindustrialThecarsthatdrovetheAmericanDreamhavehelpedtocreateaglobalecologicaldisaster.InAmericathedemandforoilhasgrownby22percentsince1990.Theproblemsofexcessive（過度的）energyconsumption,climatechangeandpopulationgrowthhavebeendescribedinabookbytheAmericanwriterThomasL.Friedman.Hefearstheworst,buthopesforthebest.Friedmanpointsoutthatthegreeneconomy（經(jīng)濟(jì)）isachancetokeepAmericanstrength.“Theabilitytodesign,buildandexportgreentechnologiesforproducingcleanwater,cleanairandhealthyandabundantfoodisgoingtobethecurrencyofpowerinthenewcentury.”1.Whyishamburgermentionedinparagraph2?A.ToexplainAmericans’lovefortravellingbycar.B.ToshowtheinfluenceofcarsonAmericanculture.C.TostressthepopularityoffastfoodwithAmericans.D.TopraisetheeffectivenessofAmerica’sroadsystem.2.WhathastheuseofcarsinAmericaledto?A.Declineofeconomy.B.Environmentalproblems.C.Ashortageofoilsupply.D.Afarm-basedsociety.3.WhatisFriedman’sattitudetowardsAmerica’sfuture?A.Ambiguous.B.Doubtful.C.Hopeful.D.Tolera3.（2017年11月，浙江高考）Thereareenergysavingstobemadefromallrecyclablematerials,sometimeshugesavings.Recyclingplasticsandaluminum,forinstance,usesonly5%to10%asmuchenergyasproducingnewplasticorsmelting（提煉）aluminum.Longbeforemostofusevennoticedwhatwenowcall"theenvironment,"BuckminsterFullersaid,"Pollutionisnothingbuttheresources（資源）wearenotharvesting.Weallowthemtobeleftaroundbecausewe'vebeenignorantoftheirvalue."Totakeoneexample,let'scomparethethrowawayeconomy（經(jīng)濟(jì)）witharecyclingeconomyaswefeedacatforlife.Sayyourcatweigh5kgandeatsonecanoffoodeachday.Eachemptycanofitsfoodweights40g.Inathrowawayeconomy,youwouldthrowaway5,475cansoverthecat's15-yearlifetime.That's219kgofsteel-morethanafifthofatonandmorethan40timesthecat'sweight.Inarecyclingeconomy,wewouldmakeonesetof100canstostartwith,thenreplacethemoverandoveragainwithrecycledcans.Sincealmost3%ofthemetalislostduringreprocessing,we'dhavetomakeanextra10canseachyear.Butinall,only150canswillbeusedupoverthecat'slifetime-andwe'llstillhave100leftoverforthenextcat.Insteadofusingup219kgofsteel,we'veusedonly6kg.Andbecausetheprocessofrecyclingsteelislesspollutingthanmakingnewsteel,we'vealsoachievedthefollowingsignificantsavings:inenergyuse-47%to74%;inairpollution-85%;inwaterpollution-35%;inwateruse-40%.4.WhatdoesBuckminsterFullersayaboutpollution?A.Itisbecomingmoreserious.B.Itdestroystheenvironment.C.Itbenefitstheeconomy.D.Itistheresourcesyettobeused.5.Howmanycanswillbeusedupinacat's15-yearlifetimeinarecyclingeconomy?A.50 B.100C.150 D.2506.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Topromotetheideaofrecycling.B.Tointroduceanenvironmentalist.C.Todiscussthecausesofpollution.D.Todefendthethrowawayeconomy.4.（2017年6月，浙江高考）GettinglesssleephasbecomeabadhabitformostAmericankids.Accordingtoanewsurvey(調(diào)查)bytheNationalSleepFoundation,51%ofkidsaged10to18gotobedat10pmorlateronschoolnights,eventhoughtheyhavetogetupearly.LastyeartheFoundationreportedthatnearly60%of7-to12-year-oldssaidtheyfelttiredduringtheday,and15%saidtheyhadfallenasleepatschool.Howmuchsleepyouneeddependsalotonyourage.Babiesneedalotofrest:mostofthemsleepabout18hoursaday!Adultsneedabouteighthours.Formostschool-agechildren,tenhoursisideal(理想的).ButthenewNationalSleepFoundationsurveyfoundthat35%of10-to12-year-oldsgetonlysevenoreighthours.Andguesswhatalmosthalfofthesurveyedkidssaidtheydobeforebedtime?WatchTV.“MorechildrenaregoingtobedwithTVson,andtherearemoreopportunities(機(jī)會(huì))tostayawake,withmorehomework,theInternetandthephone,”saysDr.MaryCarskadon,asleepresearcheratBrownUniversityMedicalSchool.Shesaystheseactivitiesatbedtimecanzxxkgetkidsallexcitedandmakeithardforthemtocalmdownandsleep.Otherexpertssaypartoftheproblemischemical.Changinglevelsofbodychemicalscalledhormonesnotonlymaketeenagers’bodiesdevelopadultcharacteristics,butalsomakeithardforteenagerstofallasleepbefore11pm.Becausesleepinessissuchaproblemforteenagers,someschooldistrictshavedecidedtostarthighschoolclasseslaterthantheyusedto.Threeyearsago,schoolsinEdina,Minnesota,changedthestarttimefrom7:25amto8:30am.Students,parentsandteachersarepleasedwiththeresults.7.WhatisthenewNationalSleepFoundationsurveyon?A.Americankids’sleepinghabits. B.Teenagers’sleep-relateddiseases.C.Activitiestopreventsleeplessness. D.Learningproblemsandlackofsleep.8.Howmanyhoursofsleepdo11-year-oldsneedeveryday?A.7hours. B.8hours.C.10hours. D.18hours.9.WhydoteenagersgotosleeplateaccordingtoCarskadon?A.Theyareaffectedbycertainbodychemicals.B.Theytendtodothingsthatexcitethem.C.Theyfollowtheirparents’examples.D.Theydon’tneedtogotoschoolearly.5.（2016年10月，浙江高考）Digitaltechnology-emailandsmartphonesespecially-havevastlyimprovedworkers'abilitytobeproductiveoutsideofatraditionaloffice.Evenso,mostwhite-collarworkstillhappensinanoffice.Onereasonisthat,accordingtofindingsofanewsurvey(調(diào)查)ofofficeworkersconductedbyWakefieldResearchfortheITcompanyCitrix,mostbossesaredoubtfulaboutremoteworking.Halfoftheworkerssaytheirbossdoesn'tacceptit?andonly35percentsayit’stolerated.Skepticalbosseswilllikelyhavetheirdoubtsreinforced(加深)bythesamesurvey,whichshowsthat43percentofworkerssaythey’vewatchedTVoramoviewhile“working”remotely,while35percenthavedonehousework，and28percenthavecookeddinner.Itistrue,however，thatworkingathomemakespeoplemuchmoreefficient(高效的)，becauseitallowsworkerstotakecareofannoyinghouseworkwhilestillgettingtheirjobsdone.It’smuchfaster,forexample,toshopforgroceriesataquartertothreethantostandinlineduringtheafter-workrush.Thefactthatsuchpracticesremainofficiallyunacceptedreflectshowfar