專(zhuān)題05 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)（原卷版）

動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法①表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。常與頻度副詞連用。Ioftentakeawalkinthepark.我經(jīng)常在公園散步。TheseT-shirtsarenew.這些T恤衫是新的。②表示客觀事實(shí)、真理。Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.太陽(yáng)東升西落。③在時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。Ifitdoesn’traintomorrow,Iwillgobikeridingintheopenair.如果明天不下雨，我將在戶(hù)外騎自行車(chē)。I’lltellherthegoodnewswhenshecomesback.當(dāng)她回來(lái)的時(shí)候，我將把這個(gè)好消息告訴她。④表示按計(jì)劃或安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)。但只限于start，begin，leave，go，come，arrive，return，takeplace等。1）ShanghaiWildAnimalPark_________manyvisitorseveryyear.A)attracted B)attracts C)hasattracted D)willattract2）Mynextdoorneighbor_________footballwithhisfriendseverySaturday.A)hadplayed B)playing C)hasplayed D)plays3）Wayne’ssister_________asawaitressinabigrestaurantforthetimebeing.A)worksB)worked C)hasworkedD)willwork一般過(guò)去時(shí)的定義①一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如yesterday，thedaybeforeyesterday，lastweek，in2015，threedaysago，theotherday，justnow，atthemoment，thismorning，onceuponatime，longlongago?！猈hatdidyoudoyesterday?昨天你做了什么？—Iwentswimming.我去游泳了。②表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。WhenIwasatmiddleschool,Ioftenwenttoschoolbybike.我讀中學(xué)時(shí)經(jīng)常騎自行車(chē)去學(xué)校。一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法(1)表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或所處的狀態(tài)。常與yesterday,lastweek,in1989,justnow,amomentago,theotherday等連用。Hewasherejustnow.他剛才還在這里。Whatdidyoudoyesterday?你昨天做了什么事?(2)在過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。Weoftenplayedtogetherwhenwewerechildren.我們小時(shí)候常在一起玩。注意：表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作還可用usedto和would。Heusedtosmokealot,buthedoesn’tnow.他過(guò)去經(jīng)常抽煙，但現(xiàn)在不抽了。Wheneverwewereintrouble,hewouldhelpus.每當(dāng)我們遇到困難，他都會(huì)幫助我們。(3)表示主語(yǔ)過(guò)去的特征或性格。AtthattimeshewasverygoodatEnglish.那時(shí)她英語(yǔ)學(xué)得很好。(4)用在狀語(yǔ)從句中表示過(guò)去將來(lái)。Hesaidhewouldwaituntiltheycameback.(5)一般過(guò)去時(shí)有時(shí)可以表示現(xiàn)在，多與want,hope,wonder,think,intend等動(dòng)詞連用，使語(yǔ)氣更委婉。Iwonderedifyoucouldhelpme.不知你能不能幫我一下。有時(shí)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)也是時(shí)態(tài)一致的需要。Ididn’tknowyouwerehere.我不知道你在這里。注意：(1)表示一系列的動(dòng)作，盡管有先后，都用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，最后兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞之間用and連結(jié)。Heopenedthedoor,rushedoutandthendisappeared.他打開(kāi)門(mén)，沖了出去，然后就消失了。(2)注意在語(yǔ)境中理解＂我剛才/原來(lái)還不……＂。—Yourphonenumberagain?Ididn’tquitecatchit.請(qǐng)?jiān)僬f(shuō)一次你的電話(huà)號(hào)碼，好嗎？我剛才沒(méi)聽(tīng)清楚。—It’s2566666.是2566666。1）Youcan’tfindAliceinShanghainow.She_________toAmericalastweek.A)hasflown B)hadflown C)flew D)willfly2）Kitty’sfamily__________intothenewflatthreeyearsago.A)moved B)wasmoving C)willmove D)moves3）WangMeng_________threegoldmedalsattheVancouver(溫哥華)WinterOlympicGames.A)wins B)won C)willwin D)wouldwin4）Theteachersinourschool_________onatwo-daytriptothemountainslastweekend. A)go B)goes C)went D)willgo5）Millionsofvisitorsthroughouttheworld_________Shanghaiduring2010WorldExpo. A)visit B)willvisitC)wouldvisitD)visited一般將來(lái)時(shí)主要構(gòu)成形式一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，事情或存在的狀態(tài)，也表示將來(lái)經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事情。1.will/shall+動(dòng)詞原形，shall用于第一人稱(chēng)，常被will所代替。will在陳述句中用于各人稱(chēng)，在征求意見(jiàn)時(shí)常用于第二人稱(chēng)，willnot=won’t，shallnot=shan’t。WhichparagraphshallIreadfirst?我先讀哪一段呢？Willyoubeathomeatseventhisevening?今晚七點(diǎn)回家好嗎？2.begoingto+不定式，表示將來(lái)。a.主語(yǔ)的意圖，即將做某事。Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?明天打算作什么呢？b.計(jì)劃、安排要發(fā)生的事。Theplayisgoingtobeproducednextmonth。這出戲下月開(kāi)播。c.有跡象要發(fā)生的事。Lookatthedarkclouds,thereisgoingtobeastorm.看那烏云，暴風(fēng)雨快來(lái)了。3.be+不定式表將來(lái)，按計(jì)劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。WearetodiscussthereportnextSaturday.我們下星期六討論這份報(bào)告。4.beaboutto+不定式，意為＂馬上做某事＂。HeisabouttoleaveforBeijing.他馬上要去北京。注意：beabouttodo不能與tomorrow,nextweek等表示明確將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。1）SimonisinterestedinAmericanculture.He_________EnglishatTrojanUniversitynextyear. A)study B)studied C)willstudy D)wouldstudy2）AnotherbridgeacrosstheYangtzeRiver_________builtinoneortwoyears.was B)hasbeen C)wouldbe D)willbe3）They_________theirclassroomtowelcomemecomingChristmastomorrowafternoon.A)decorate B)willdecorate C)aredecorating D)decorated4）Mostofourclassmates_________tocollegeinacoupleofyears.A)goB)willgoC)havegoneD)went5）There_________aDisneylandParkinShanghaiPudongNewAreainthenearfuture.A)isB)willbeC)wasD)wouldbe現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的定義現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)主要用于表示目前正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，有時(shí)也可表示現(xiàn)階段在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。TheteacherisgivingusanEnglishlesson.老師正在給我們上英語(yǔ)課。Thefarmersaregettingintheircrops.農(nóng)民們正在收割莊稼。Wearemakingpreparationsfortheconference.我們一直在為會(huì)議作準(zhǔn)備。1.It’s______________(sun)todayinShanghai.2.—Howisit______________(go),Tom?—Notbad.Thankyou.3.Lookattheboy.He______________(study).4.Soundslikeyou______________(have)agoodtimenow.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法詳解(1)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，此時(shí)句中往往有表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)then,atthattime,thistime,yesterday等。Iwasdoingmyhomeworkwhenmymothercametohome.(2)敘述在過(guò)去的同一時(shí)間都在進(jìn)行的幾個(gè)動(dòng)作，通常用While。Iwasstudyingatcollegewhilemybrotherwasteachingatuniversity.(3)表示在過(guò)去某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)一直持續(xù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Theywereexpectingyouyesterday,butyoudidn’tturnup.1.WhenIsawheronthewayhere,he________amagazine.A.reads B.isreading C.wasreading D.willread2.—Whyweren’tyouatthemeetingthismorning?—I_______forafriendofmine.Wehaven’tseeneachotherforyears!A.waited B.havewaited C.waswaiting D.amwaiting3.—Itwasreallykindofyoutogivemealifthome.—Oh,don’tmentionit.I_______pastyourhouseanyway.A.hadcome B.willcome C.havecome D.wascoming4.—Rememberthefirsttimewemet,Jim?—OfcourseIdo.You________inthelibrary.A.werereading B.haveread C.willread D.read5.—Icalledyoubutyoudidn’treplytome.—Oh,sorry,I________Dad,wherearewegoing?(《爸爸去哪兒》)atthecinema.A.watched B.havewatched C.waswatching D.hadwatched現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來(lái)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響或后果。也就是說(shuō)，動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過(guò)去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在。Ihavealreadypostedthephoto.我已經(jīng)把照片寄走了。強(qiáng)調(diào)post對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響＂照片不在這里＂。2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以用來(lái)表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻的、持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作(用行為動(dòng)詞表示)或狀態(tài)(be動(dòng)詞表示)，常與for(+時(shí)間段)，since(+時(shí)間點(diǎn)或過(guò)去時(shí)的句子)連用，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如：Hehaslivedheresince1978.自從1978年以來(lái)，他一直住在這兒。(動(dòng)作起始于1978年，一直住到現(xiàn)在，可能還要繼續(xù)住下去。)注意：for和since的用法。①for+時(shí)間段譯為：……時(shí)間②since+過(guò)去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)(譯為：自從……以來(lái))③since+時(shí)間段+ago④since+從句(過(guò)去時(shí))⑤Itis+時(shí)間段+since+從句(過(guò)去時(shí))注意：瞬間動(dòng)詞(buy,die,join,lose...)與for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間段連用時(shí)，要改變成延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。變化如下：come/arrive/reach/getto→bein goout→beout finish→beoveropen→beopen die→bedead buy→haveFallill→beill Comeback→beback Puton→beon/wearWorry→beworried Catchacold→haveacold1.—Look!Someone__________theclassroom.—Well,itwasn’tme,Ididn’tdoit.A.iscleaning B.wascleaning C.hascleaned D.willclean2.Morethansixmillionguests________ShanghaiDisneylandParksincelastJune.A.visit B.visited C.werevisiting D.havevisited3.—HasyourcousinarrivedinBeijingyet?—Yes.She________Beijingsinceyesterdaymorning.A.arrivedin B.hasarrivedin C.hasbeenin D.hasbeento4.Britain________toleaveEuropeanUnionlastyear.DavidCameron,formerPrimeMinister________sincethen.A.decided;retired B.decided;hasbeenretiredC.hasdecided;retired D.hasdecided;hasretired5.—WhendidtheWhitescometoChina?—They________Chinaforsevenyears.A.havecometo B.havebeenin C.havecomein D.havebeento被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的各種時(shí)態(tài)形式時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)例句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主語(yǔ)+am/is/are+過(guò)去分詞+其他Historyismadebythepeople.歷史是人們創(chuàng)造的。一般過(guò)去時(shí)主語(yǔ)+was/were+過(guò)去分詞+其他TheletterwaswritteninEnglish.這封信是用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)的。ThecarsweremadeinShanghai.這些車(chē)是上海生產(chǎn)的。一般將來(lái)時(shí)主語(yǔ)+willbe+過(guò)去分詞+其他Yourjobwillbekeptopenforyourreturn.你的工作將保留到你回來(lái)。Whenwilltheworkbefinished?這項(xiàng)工作什么時(shí)候完成？現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)主語(yǔ)+am/is/am+being+過(guò)去分詞+其他Anewrailwayisbeingbuilt.一條新鐵路正在修建。Becausemycarisbeingrepaired,Ihavetogotoworkbytaxi.因?yàn)槲业能?chē)正在修理，所以我不得不坐出租車(chē)去上班。過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)主語(yǔ)+was/were+being+過(guò)去分詞+其他Thehallwasbeingbuiltlastyear.I’mnotsureifitiscompleted.這個(gè)個(gè)大廳去年正在修建，我不清楚建好了沒(méi)有。TheroadwasbeingwidenedwhenIpassedbythevillage.當(dāng)我經(jīng)過(guò)那個(gè)村莊時(shí)，道路正在加寬?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去分詞+其他HasthesportsmeetingbeenputoffuntilnextFriday?運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)已經(jīng)推遲到下周五了嗎？過(guò)去完成時(shí)主語(yǔ)+hadbeen+過(guò)去分詞+其他Theroomhadbeenbrokenintobeforewecame.我們來(lái)之前已經(jīng)有人強(qiáng)行進(jìn)過(guò)這間屋子。AnewhotelhadbeenbuiltwhenIgotthere.我到那兒時(shí)，一座新旅館已經(jīng)建好了。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞+其他Hertemperatureshouldbetakentwiceaday.她的體溫應(yīng)該一天量?jī)纱巍fheated,watercanbeturnedintovapour.如果受熱，水會(huì)變成蒸氣。按要求改寫(xiě)下列句子，一空一詞。1.IsteagrowninSouthChina?(改為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))______________people______________teainSouthChina?2.Iamgivenabirthdaypresentbymyparentseveryyear.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)Abirthdaypresent________________________________________________________bymyparentseveryyear.3.Theworkisgoingtobefinishedintwodays.(對(duì)劃線提問(wèn))How____________________________theworkgoingtobefinished?4.ThechildrenwillsinganEnglishsong.(改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))AnEnglishsong__________________________________________bythechildren.5.Youneedn’tdoitnow.(改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))It__________________________________________byyounow.6.Peopleusemetalformakingmachines.(改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))Metal__________________________________________makingmachines.7.Hemademedothatforhim.(改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))I________________________________________________________thatforhim.8.Theyarewatchingthefootballmatch.Thefootballmatch__________________________________________bythem.9.Didtheybuildabridgehereayearago?(改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))______________abridge______________herebythemayearago?10.Theyhavesoldoutthelightgreendresses.(改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))Thelightgreendresses__________________________________________out.11.Wecallthegame＂Lianliankan＂.(改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))Thegame____________________________＂Lianliankan＂byus.隨堂練習(xí)1.(2019福建名校模擬,27)—WhereisDavid?Ican’tfindhimanywhere.—Oh,hetohaveatalkwithMrWhiteinhisofficejustnow.

A.asked B.wasasking C.wasasked2.(2019福州質(zhì)檢,31)Weontheprogramfortwoyears,andIbelieveitwillsoonbefinished,sopleasedon’tgiveupnow.

A.worked B.willwork C.haveworked3.(2019泉州質(zhì)檢,33)—Waiter,I’dlikeaglassoffreshgrapejuice.—Sorry,Madam.Grapejuiceonlyinsummerdays.

A.serves B.served C.isserved4.(2019龍巖質(zhì)檢,27)—Whatareyousoexcitedabout?—Ianinvitationtotheconcert.Ican’twaittogo.

A.receive B.willreceive C.havereceived5.(2019廈門(mén)質(zhì)檢,29)—Sam,haveyouheardofEHang184?—Sure,ittohelpusescapefromthecity’sterribletrafficjams.

A.invented B.isinventing C.isinvented6.(2