《水處理技術(shù)（雙語(yǔ)）》課件-水的供給與凈化單元

Watersupplyunit水的供給單元概述Overview本模塊介紹了為確保飲用水的質(zhì)量而所需的程序以及特定的指導(dǎo)值。Thismoduledescribestheproceduresrequiredtoensurethequalityofdrinkingwaterandthespecificguidelinevalues.由于普通的實(shí)驗(yàn)室設(shè)備即可完成該項(xiàng)工作，因此本模塊重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)配水系統(tǒng)。Thismoduleemphasizeswaterdistributionsystemssinceordinarylaboratoryequipmentcandothejob.它提供了各種練習(xí)，以便學(xué)員能高效操作各種泵，測(cè)量管道系統(tǒng)內(nèi)的水壓和流量，將水運(yùn)輸至水塔，向不同壓力區(qū)供水，并了解檢測(cè)失水量的方法。Itprovidesavarietyofexercisessothatparticipantscanefficientlyoperatevariouspumps,measurewaterpressureandflowwithinapipingsystem,transportwatertoawatertower,supplywatertodifferentpressurezones,andunderstandmethodsfordetectingwaterloss.概述Overview概述Overview本系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)用于學(xué)習(xí)模塊“供水”、“監(jiān)控、控制與優(yōu)化操作”及“水和廢水處理廠的水凈化和能源優(yōu)化”。Thesystemisdesignedforthelearningmodules"Watersupply","Monitoring,controlandoptimizationofoperations"and"Waterpurificationandenergyoptimizationinwaterandwastewatertreatmentplants".由于本系統(tǒng)可用于三種學(xué)習(xí)模塊，其應(yīng)用范圍廣泛，因此學(xué)員們可在其上進(jìn)行多種練習(xí)。Sincethesystemcanbeusedforthreelearningmodules,ithasawiderangeofapplications,sostudentscanperformavarietyofexercisesonit學(xué)習(xí)模塊“監(jiān)控、控制與優(yōu)化操作”中，泵是主要主題之一，其他練習(xí)針對(duì)的是水運(yùn)輸控制技術(shù)，從而采用最佳方式向消費(fèi)者分配飲用水。Inthelearningmodule"Monitoring,ControlandOptimizationofOperations",thepumpisoneofthemaintopics,whileotherexercisesfocusonwatertransportcontroltechniquesinordertooptimallydistributedrinkingwatertoconsumers.此外，研究?jī)?nèi)容還包括水從源頭到消費(fèi)者的流向。Inaddition,thestudycoverstheflowofwaterfromthesourcetotheconsumer.概述Overview功能Function該工作單元通過高架水箱（例如：水塔）進(jìn)行水的儲(chǔ)存和配送。Thisworkunitstoresanddistributeswaterthroughanelevatedwatertank(e.g.,watertower).通過泵向高架水箱注水，泵可以在控制模式或調(diào)節(jié)模式下工作。取水量通過閥來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。Waterisinjectedintotheelevatedtankbymeansofapump,whichcanoperateincontrolmodeorregulationmode.Thewaterwithdrawalisdonethroughavalve.過程控制軟件調(diào)節(jié)閥的開關(guān)特性。輸送污水時(shí)，根據(jù)取水特性產(chǎn)生泵控制和沖擊載荷的反饋信息。Processcontrolsoftwareregulatestheopeningandclosingcharacteristicsofthevalve.Whenconveyingwastewater,feedbackinformationonpumpcontrolandshockloadsisgeneratedbasedonthewithdrawalcharacteristics.圖為過程控制軟件theprocesscontrolsoftware圖為閥

a

valve圖為高架水箱theelevatedwatertank功能Function另一個(gè)培訓(xùn)重點(diǎn)是“供應(yīng)水量與實(shí)際送達(dá)水量”的平衡。Anotherfocusofthetrainingwasthebalancebetween"watersuppliedandwateractuallydelivered".許多供水系統(tǒng)存在泄漏并造成顯著的浪費(fèi)，專業(yè)人員的排查工作有著重大的實(shí)際意義。Manywatersystemshaveleaksandcausesignificantwaste,andtheworkofprofessionalstoidentifythemisofgreatpracticalimportance.該裝置可來(lái)提供相應(yīng)練習(xí)，使用閥來(lái)模擬泄漏，然后確定泄漏位置。Thedevicecanbeusedtoprovideacorrespondingexercise,usingthevalvetosimulatealeakandthendeterminethelocationoftheleak.圖為自來(lái)水管爆裂

theburstwaterpipe圖為工作人員排查管網(wǎng)隱患

thestaffinvestigatingthehiddendangersofthepipenetwork水的基本要求Basicrequirementsofwater根據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織(WHO)的飲用水質(zhì)量指導(dǎo)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，“獲得安全的飲用水至關(guān)重要，是一項(xiàng)基本人權(quán)，也是一項(xiàng)保障健康的有效舉措”。AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)guidelinesfordrinkingwaterquality,"accesstosafedrinkingwaterisessential,abasichumanright,andaneffectivesafeguardforhealth".第4版飲用水質(zhì)量指導(dǎo)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定了各種要求，以確保飲用水的安全性，包括最低要求的步驟和特定的指導(dǎo)值，以及如何應(yīng)用這些要求。The4theditionoftheDrinkingWaterQualityGuidelinespecifiesrequirementstoensurethesafetyofdrinkingwater,includingtheminimumrequiredstepsandspecificguidancevalues,andhowtoapplytheserequirements.下表給出了世界衛(wèi)生組織(WHO)規(guī)定的飲用水質(zhì)量最重要的參數(shù)。ThefollowingtablegivesthemostimportantparametersofdrinkingwaterqualityasdefinedbytheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO).水的基本要求Basicrequirementsofwater水是一種基礎(chǔ)必需品，為滿足基本要求并保障公共衛(wèi)生，必須提供足量的用水。下表顯示的是世界衛(wèi)生組織(WHO)推薦的達(dá)到公共衛(wèi)生要求所需的水量。Waterisabasicnecessityandmustbeavailableinsufficientquantitiestomeetbasicrequirementsandtosafeguardpublichealth.ThefollowingtableshowstheamountofwaterrecommendedbytheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)tomeetpublichealthrequirements.獲取最佳水平的飲用水指的是家庭中每人每天的用水量為100l或以上。這些值對(duì)于“極低”的健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)具有重大意義。Accesstooptimallevelsofdrinkingwaterisdefinedas100lormoreofwaterperpersonperdayinthehousehold.Thesevaluesaresignificantfor"verylow"healthrisks.獲取中等水平的飲用水是指在100m范圍內(nèi)家庭中每人每天的可用飲水的用量為50l。這意味著“低健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”。Accesstoamediumlevelofdrinkingwaterisdefinedas50lofavailablewaterperpersonperdayinahouseholdwithin100m.Thismeans"lowhealthrisk".供水目標(biāo)Watersupplytarget可靠安全地為人們提供飲用水Reliableandsafesupplyofdrinkingwatertopeople水的質(zhì)量和數(shù)量必須:Thequalityandquantityofwatermustbe:符合國(guó)家飲用水標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在任何時(shí)候都足以滿足家庭、工業(yè)和消防服務(wù)的需求，Meetingnationaldrinkingwaterstandardsissufficientfordomestic,industrialandfireserviceneedsatalltimes.例如，壓力必須高到足以:在家淋浴。Forexample,thepressuremustbehighenoughto:showerathome.供水目標(biāo)Watersupplytarget為工業(yè)生產(chǎn)輸送足夠的水Deliveringenoughwaterforindustrialproduction使用消防軟管確保有效滅火Usefirehosestoensureeffectivefiresuppression原水或未經(jīng)處理的水來(lái)自河流、湖泊或地下蓄水層

Raworuntreatedwaterfromrivers,lakesoraquifers供水目標(biāo)Watersupplytarget原水取水系統(tǒng)包括:取水點(diǎn)、泵站和管道系統(tǒng)Rawwaterintakesystemincluding:intakepoint,pumpingstationandpipingsystem在凈化設(shè)備中，水被凈化以達(dá)到可飲用的狀態(tài)Inapurificationfacility,waterispurifiedtoadrinkablestate

通過水庫(kù)和管道網(wǎng)絡(luò)，水被分配給消費(fèi)者

Throughanetworkofreservoirsandpipes,waterisdistributedtoconsumers主要組件Maincomponents1.罐，3Ltank,3L2.再循環(huán)泵recirculationpump3.溢流緣overflowflange4.2位2通電磁閥2-position2-waysolenoidvalve5.電容式接近傳感器capacitiveproximitysensor6.雙通球閥，配備氣動(dòng)旋轉(zhuǎn)執(zhí)行器2-wayballvalvewithpneumaticrotaryactuator7.浮球開關(guān)floatswitch8.I/O接口I/Ointerface9.流量傳感器flowsensor10.鋁支撐板aluminumsupportplate11.超聲傳感器ultrasonicsensorWaterpurificationunits水的凈化單元概述Overview生活用水必須符合特定的要求，最重要的是，它必須要能安全飲用。Waterfordomesticusemustmeetspecificrequirementsand,mostimportantly,itmustbesafetodrink.飲用水指的是既適合飲用、洗滌和烹飪等生活用途，也適合一般工業(yè)用途的水。Drinkingwaterisdefinedaswaterthatissuitableforbothdomesticusessuchasdrinking,washingandcooking,andforgeneralindustrialuse.如果水能安全飲用，則不會(huì)導(dǎo)致疾病，且如果外觀和口感均可接受，即可稱為符合飲用質(zhì)量的用水。Waterissaidtobeofdrinkingqualityifitissafetodrink,ifitdoesnotcausediseaseandifitisacceptableinappearanceandtaste.水凈化是指從原水中除去污染物的凈化過程Waterpurificationisthepurificationprocessofremovingcontaminantsfromrawwater.其目的是以特定的程序達(dá)到把水凈化的效果，并用水作不同的用途。Theaimistoachievetheeffectofpurifyingthewaterwithaspecificprocedureandusingitfordifferentpurposes.水凈化的方法有很多，此模塊模擬污水處理中的凈化系統(tǒng)，主要是殺菌消毒，殺菌：水中含有細(xì)菌、病菌，可放入適量的藥物進(jìn)行殺菌、消毒。Therearemanymethodsofwaterpurification,thismodulesimulatesthepurificationsysteminsewagetreatment,mainlysterilizationanddisinfection,sterilization:thewatercontainsbacteria,germs,youcanputtherightamountofdrugsforsterilizationanddisinfection.如：漂白粉、氯氣及新型消毒劑二氧化氯等。Suchas:bleach,chlorineandnewdisinfectantssuchaschlorinedioxide.概述Overview功能Function該工作單元是一款具有基本水處理功能的裝置，采用水箱及溢流邊緣的形式。Theworkingunitisabasicwatertreatmentunitintheformofatankandanoverflowrim.Atankwithasubmersiblepumpisrequiredforoperation.工作時(shí)需要使用到一個(gè)帶潛水泵的水箱?？赏瓿伤畠艋?、監(jiān)控、控制與優(yōu)化操作、水和廢水處理裝置的能源優(yōu)化，通過在水凈化系統(tǒng)上進(jìn)行練習(xí)，了解各種水凈化過程的原理、功能和操作。Waterpurification,monitoring,controlandoptimizationofoperations,energyoptimizationofwaterandwastewatertreatmentunitscanbeaccomplished.Bypracticingonthewaterpurificationsystem,theylearntheprinciples,functionsandoperationsofvariouswaterpurificationprocesses.一方面，他們應(yīng)用習(xí)得的技能來(lái)產(chǎn)生對(duì)環(huán)境安全的流出物，另一方面確保飲用水凈化。Ontheonehand,theyapplytheacquiredskillstoproduceeffluentsthataresafefortheenvironmentandontheotherhandensuredrinkingwaterpurification.設(shè)置流量值進(jìn)行流量控制Setflowvalueforflowcontrol通過模擬量壓力測(cè)量來(lái)測(cè)量水位Waterlevelmeasurementbyanalogpressuremeasurement通過電容式接近開關(guān)來(lái)檢測(cè)水位Waterleveldetectionbycapacitiveproximityswitch學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)Learningfocus飲用水和氯：全世界均利用氯來(lái)處理飲用水。過量添加氯不僅令水廠浪費(fèi)資金，而且對(duì)環(huán)境和消費(fèi)者也產(chǎn)生不利影響。

采用手動(dòng)加量方法的氯含量測(cè)量附加包，1：1在線模擬了氯含量測(cè)量的練習(xí)情景?？梢粤私饧勇炔僮?，還能夠?qū)W習(xí)如何對(duì)故障做出響應(yīng)和優(yōu)化。

Drinkingwaterandchlorine:Ch