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課程主題:閱讀理解專題(科普類)授課時(shí)間:學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)1.掌握科普類閱讀理解的考查類型;2.掌握科普類閱讀理解的解題技巧。教學(xué)內(nèi)容【進(jìn)門測(cè)試】建議5minChinaachievedsolidyear-on-yearGDPgrowthof6.9percentinthefirstthreequarters,puttingitinapositiontocomfortablyachieveitswhole-yeartargetofaround6.5percent.Analystssaidthesolidgrowthtrendisexpectedtobecarriedintothefourthquarter.Growthwas6.8percentinthethirdquarter,comparedwith6.9percentinbothfirstandsecondquarters,accordingtotheNationalBureauofStatistics.Chinahaskeptitsgrowthwithinthe6.7to6.9percentrangefornineconsecutivequarters.“Theresilienceof(China’seconomic)developmenthassignificantlyimproved,”saidNBSspokesmanXingZhihongonThursday.China’sindustrialoutputgrewat6.7percentinthefirstthreequarters,upfrom6percentayearago.Retailsalesgrowthwas10.4percentintheJanuary-Septemberperiod,unchangedfromayearago,whilefixed-assetinvestmentgrowtheasedto7.5percent,downfrom8.2percentinthesameperiodlastyear.XingsaidChinahasalsomadeprogressinadvancingitssupply-sidestructuralreform,withcorporatedebtlevelsandcosts,forexample,reducedyear-on-yearinthefirstthreequarters.Thequalityofgrowthhassignificantlyimproved,withresidentialincomeandcorporateprofitsbothregisteringhigheryear-on-yeargrowth,Xingsaid.Chinahasattachedmoreimportancetothequalityofgrowthinrecentyears.XiJinping,generalsecretaryoftheCommunistPartyofChinaCentralCommittee,saidonWednesdayduringtheParty’s19thNationalCongressthatthecountry“hasbeentransitioningfromaphaseofrapidgrowthtoastageofhigh-qualitydevelopment”.It’slikelythatgrowthremainstableinthefourthquarter,saidLianPing,chiefeconomistofBankofCommunications.“Thepropertymarketandconsumptionwillhelpstabilizegrowthinthefourthquarter.”Realestatedevelopmentgrowthreached8.1percentinthefirstthreequarters,2.3percentagepointshigherthanayearago.Consumptiontraditionallyisrobustinthefourthquarter.MostanalystsforecastthatChina’sGDPgrowthcouldbe6.8percentor6.9percentforthewholeyear,beatingthepresettargetofaround6.5percent.ZhouXiaochuan,governorofthePeople’sBankofChina,thecentralbank,saidonSundayitmayevenreach7percentthisyear.Ifitturnedouttobeatleast6.8percent,itwouldbethefirstannualgrowthaccelerationsince2010.1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.Thesolidgrowthtrendwillnotappearinthefourthquarter.B.Chinahasmaintainedarangeof6.7%to6.9%for9consecutivequarters.C.XingsaidthattheresilienceofChina’seconomicdevelopmenthassignificantlyimproved.D.Growthwas6.8percentinthesecondquarter.2.WhatcanwelearnfromLianPing?A.Thequalityofgrowthhassignificantlyimproved.B.China’sGDPgrowthcouldbe6.8percentor6.9percentforthewholeyear.C.Itmayevenreach7percentthisyear.D.HeisthechiefeconomistofBankofCommunications.3.Whatisthearticlemainlyabout?A.China’sGDP B.China’seconomictargetC.ThetrendofChina'seconomicdevelopment D.ThelevelofChina’seconomic4.Wherecanwemostpossiblyfindthisarticle?A.ChinaDaily B.Science C.OverseaEnglish D.Teens答案:1-4BDCA【多元導(dǎo)學(xué)】建議10min人們?cè)詾槿祟惖拇竽X在幼兒時(shí)期結(jié)束時(shí)就完全停止發(fā)育了。然而,在過去的十年間,有研究表明人類的大腦從青春期開始到成年初期的這段時(shí)間內(nèi)仍然在變化,請(qǐng)你收集資料了解相關(guān)內(nèi)容!【互動(dòng)精講】建議70min知識(shí)點(diǎn)一(科普類閱讀理解的特點(diǎn)及命題方式)【知識(shí)梳理】一:考點(diǎn)描述科普類文章是高考英語的??碱}材,每年高考都有所涉及,每五篇閱讀文章至少有一篇是科普文章,有的省份的考題甚至出現(xiàn)兩篇科普文章(如2005年的江蘇卷在五篇閱讀文章中就有兩篇是關(guān)于科普文章的閱讀),以體現(xiàn)英語語言的實(shí)用性,同時(shí)也增加了試題的難度。因此,同學(xué)們?cè)谄綍r(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中一定要對(duì)此引起高度的重視。二:材料特點(diǎn)這類文章的總體特點(diǎn)是:科技詞匯多,句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜,理論性強(qiáng),邏輯嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。具體說來它有以下幾個(gè)特點(diǎn):1.文章中詞匯的意義比較單一、穩(wěn)定、簡明,不帶感情色彩,具有單一性和準(zhǔn)確性的特點(diǎn)。這類文章通常不會(huì)出現(xiàn)文學(xué)英語中采用的排比、比喻、夸張等修辭手法,一詞多義的現(xiàn)象也不多見。2.句子結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜,語法分析較困難。為了描述一個(gè)客觀事物,嚴(yán)密地表達(dá)自己的思想,作者經(jīng)常會(huì)使用集多種語法現(xiàn)象于一體的長句3.常使用被動(dòng)語態(tài),尤其是一些慣用被動(dòng)句式。三:命題特點(diǎn)科普類閱讀的主要命題形式有事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題、詞義猜測(cè)題、推理判斷題以及主旨概括題等,其中推理判斷題居多。四:應(yīng)對(duì)策略1.要想做好科普英語閱讀理解題,同學(xué)們就要注意平時(shí)多讀科普知識(shí)類文章,學(xué)習(xí)科普知識(shí),積累常見的科普詞匯,從根本上提高科普英語的閱讀能力。2.要熟悉科普類文章的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)??破疹愇恼乱话阌蓸?biāo)題(Headlines),導(dǎo)語(Introductions),背景(Background),主體(Mainbody)和結(jié)尾(Ends)五部分構(gòu)成。標(biāo)題是文章中心思想高度而又精辟的概括,但根據(jù)歷年的高考真題情況來看,這類閱讀理解材料一般不給標(biāo)題,而要同學(xué)們選擇標(biāo)題。導(dǎo)語一般位于整篇文章的首段。背景交待一個(gè)事實(shí)的起因。主體則對(duì)導(dǎo)語概括的事實(shí)進(jìn)行詳細(xì)敘述。這一部分命題往往最多,因此,閱讀時(shí),同學(xué)們要把這部分作為重點(diǎn)。結(jié)尾往往也是中心思想的概括,并與導(dǎo)語相呼應(yīng),命題者常在此要設(shè)計(jì)一道推理判斷題。3.在進(jìn)行推理判斷時(shí),同學(xué)們一定要以閱讀材料所提供的科學(xué)事實(shí)為依據(jù),同時(shí)所得出的結(jié)論還應(yīng)符合基本的科普常識(shí)?!纠}精講】In2015,researchersfromAustralia’sDeakinUniversitypublishedoneofthefirststudiesmeasuringfood’sphysicaleffectonthelefthippocampus(海馬體),aseahorse-shapedbrainregioncrucialformemory,learning,anddecisionmaking.ItisalsooneofthefirstareastoshrinkinpeoplewithAlzheimer’sdiseaseandotherformsofdementia(癡呆).255peoplefilledoutdietsurveysandthenunderwentMRI(磁共振掃描成像)thatmeasuredtheirbrains.Fouryearslater,theyreturnedforanotherscaninresponsetoarequestfromtheresearchers.Thestudyfoundthatthelefthippocampuswasbiggerandheavierinthehealthyeatersthanintheunhealthyones,regardlessofage,sex,weight,exercisehabits,orgeneralhealth.Thatmeanseatingtherightfoodsandskippingthewrongstuffcouldhelpprotectagainstdeclinesinthinkingandmemorythatleadtodementia.Healthyeatingdoesn’tjustpreventbraindecline.Itraisesscoresonthinkingandmemorytests,accordingtoastudypublishedinMarch2019thattracked2,621Americanwomenandmenfor30years.“Greenleafyvegetableshavegoodeffectsthatmayprotectbothfemalesandmalesagainstcognitive(認(rèn)知的)declineanddementia,”saysleadresearcherClaireMcEvoy,RD,oftheCentreforPublicHealthatQueen’sUniversityBelfastinNorthernIreland.Evenalittlehealthyfoodgoesalongway.Accordingtoa2018RushUniversitystudythattracked960peoplefor4.7years,participantswhoatejust1.3extraservingsofgreenleafyvegetablesadayshowedcognitiveabilitiessimilartothoseofpeople11yearsyounger.Howarethesepowerfoodsworkingwithyourbraincells?Animalandtest-tubeexperimentssuggestthatcompoundsinhealthydietshelpnewcellsmakecopiesofDNAwhentheydivideandmultiply.Meanwhile,high-fat,high-sugarprocessedfoodsharmbraincells.Whilefoodservesasanimportantbrainprotector,expertssaybrainsupplements(補(bǔ)品)aren’tallthateffective.Studiesshowthattheydon'tmakebraincellsactiveinasignificantlypositiveway.“Letthebuyerbecautious,”saysDavidHogan,MD,aspecialistattheUniversityofCalgary.Astudyofnootropics(益智藥)intheNovember2019JournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociationrevealedthattheunapproveddrug—piracetam(乙酰胺吡略烷酮)wasfoundinfouroutoffivebrandstested,atlevelsthatcouldcausesideeffectssuchasdepression.1.Whydidtheresearchershavethe255peoplereturnforanotherMRIscanfouryearslater?A.TotestwhethertheyhadAlzheimer’sdisease.B.Toseewhateffectsdietshadonthelefthippocampus.C.Tostudyhowtheykepthealthyinthefouryears.D.TodeepentheirresearchintoAlzheimer’sdisease.【答案】B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段...fouryearslater,theyreturnedforanotherscaninresponsetoarequestfortheresearchers.可知,他們回來是為了再做一次掃描來給實(shí)驗(yàn)提供數(shù)據(jù),也就是說研究者想看看飲食對(duì)左海馬有什么影響。故選B。2.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph2?A.Healthyeatinghelpstoreducetheriskofdementia.B.Unhealthydietisamajorcontributingfactorincognitivedecline.C.Ageandsexhavenothingtodowithourgeneralhealth.D.Plant-baseddietshavegreatereffectsonwomenthanmen.【答案】A【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段Thestudyfoundthatthelefthippocampuswasbiggerandheavierinthehealthyeatersthanintheunhealthyones,regardlessofage,sex,weight,exercisehabits,orgeneralhealth.可知,吃健康的食物是可以對(duì)海馬體有積極的影響的,健康的飲食有助于降低患癡呆癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。故選A。3.WhichofthefollowingwouldDavidHoganmostprobablyagreewith?A.Brainsupplementsareashelpfulashealthydiets.B.We’dbettertakebrainsupplementsforconvenience.C.Weshouldbecarefulwhentakingbrainsupplements.D.Brainsupplementshaveasmanysideeffectsasprocessedfoods.【答案】C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段...Letthebuyersbecautious.可知,我們?cè)诜么竽X補(bǔ)品時(shí)應(yīng)該小心。,因?yàn)樗l(fā)現(xiàn)有些藥可以導(dǎo)致像抑郁癥這樣的副作用的。故選C。4.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.YestoGreenLeafyVegetablesB.YestoNootropicsC.NotoIntelligenceD.NotoDementia【答案】A【解析】文章標(biāo)題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知,本文都在講健康的飲食對(duì)海馬體的積極影響。故選A。知識(shí)點(diǎn)二(科普類閱讀理解的解題方法)【知識(shí)梳理】【題型說明】科普知識(shí)類文章在高考試卷中是倍受青睞的又一寵兒。每年高考都有關(guān)于科普知識(shí)類閱讀理解材料的考查。這類文章的特點(diǎn)是科技詞匯多,句子長且結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜,理論性和邏輯性又都較強(qiáng),再加之文章所介紹的知識(shí)對(duì)于同學(xué)們來說是比較陌生的。因此,同學(xué)們看這類文章覺得是霧里看花?!疚恼绿攸c(diǎn)】科普類文章的主要特點(diǎn):1.文章中詞匯的意義比較單一、穩(wěn)定、簡明,不帶感情色彩,具有單一性和準(zhǔn)確性的特點(diǎn)。綜觀整篇文章可以明顯看出,它沒有文學(xué)英語中常采用的排比、比喻、夸張等修飾手段,一詞多義的現(xiàn)象也不多見。2.句子結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜,語法分析較困難。為了描述一個(gè)客觀事物,嚴(yán)密地表達(dá)自己的思想,作者經(jīng)常會(huì)使用集多種語法現(xiàn)象與一體的長句。3.常使用被動(dòng)語態(tài),強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者。4.常使用雙重否定句?!窘Y(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)】科普知識(shí)類文章結(jié)構(gòu)一般也是由標(biāo)題(Headlines),導(dǎo)語(Introductions),背景(Background),主體(Mainbody)和結(jié)尾(Ends)五部分構(gòu)成。標(biāo)題是文章中心思想高度而又精辟的概括,高考這類閱讀理解材料一般也不給標(biāo)題,而要同學(xué)們選擇標(biāo)題。導(dǎo)語一般位于整篇文章的首段。背景交待一個(gè)事實(shí)的起因。主體則對(duì)導(dǎo)語概括的事實(shí)進(jìn)行詳細(xì)敘述。這一部分命題往往最多,因此,閱讀時(shí),同學(xué)們要把這部分作為重點(diǎn)。結(jié)尾往往也是中心思想的概括,并與導(dǎo)語相呼應(yīng),命題者常在此要設(shè)計(jì)一道推理判斷題?!緜淇继嵝选恳龊眠@類閱讀理解題,先要掌握這類文章的特點(diǎn)和結(jié)構(gòu),真正讀懂并理解它。其次,工夫在課外,平時(shí)一定要多讀科技幻想類文章,比如:太空與海洋、創(chuàng)造與發(fā)明、計(jì)算機(jī)發(fā)展、人類未來、動(dòng)物世界等。特別是從網(wǎng)上搜尋一些取材原版、內(nèi)容時(shí)新、語言鮮活的科技幻想類材料閱讀。這樣長期堅(jiān)持,既可以增長知識(shí)、開闊視野,又可以擴(kuò)充科技詞匯,還能提高解答這種類型試題的能力。我們何樂而不為呢?【鞏固練習(xí)】AManystudieshaveshownhowplayingvideogamescanleadtostructuralchangesinthebrain,includingincreasingthesizeofsomeregions,ortofunctionalchanges,suchasactivatingtheareasresponsibleforattention.NewresearchfromtheUniversityatObertadeCatalunya(UOC)hasgonefurthertoshowhowcognitive(認(rèn)知的)changescantakeplaceevenyearsafterpeoplestopplaying.Thestudyinvolved27peoplebetweentheagesof18and40withandwithoutanykindofexperiencewithvideogaming.“Peoplewhowerevideogamersbeforeadolescence,despitenolongerplaying,performedbetterwiththeworkingmemorytasks,whichrequirementallyholdingandprocessinginformationtogetaresult,"saidMarcPalaus,theauthorofthestudy.Theresultsshowthatpeoplewithoutexperienceofplayingvideogamesasachilddidnotbenefitfromimprovementsinprocessingandavoidingirrelevantstimuli(刺激).Indeed,theywereslowerthanthosewhohadplayedgamesaschildren,whichmatchedwhathadbeenseeninearlierstudies.“Peoplewhoplayedregularlyaschildrenperformedbetterfromtheoutsetinprocessing3Dobjects,althoughthesedifferenceswerenarrowedaftertheperiodoftraininginvideogaming,whenbothgroupsshowedsimilarlevelssaidPalaus.Thestudylastedamonthandtheresearchersanalyzedparticipants'cognitiveskills,includingworkingmemory,atthreepoints:beforestartingthetraininginvideogaming,attheendofthetraining,andfifteendayslater.ThevideogameusedwasNintendo'sSuperMario64.AccordingtoPalaus,whatmostvideogameshaveincommonisthattheyinvolveelementsthatmakepeoplewanttocontinueplaying,andthattheygraduallygetharderandpresentaconstantchallenge.“Thesetwothingsareenoughtomakeitanattractiveandmotivatingactivity,which,inturn,requiresconstantandintenseuseofourbrain'sresources.“Videogamesareaperfectrecipeforstrengtheningourcognitiveskills,almostwithoutournoticing.However,it'snotthereasonforplayingtoomuch,"hesaid.1.Whatcanbelearnedaboutthestudy?A.Itlooksatdifferentgames. B.Itisaimedatadultgamers.C.Itsparticipantsareadults. D.Itsauthorlikesplayinggames.2.Howdidpeopleplayingnovideogamesaschildrenbehaveinthestudy?A.Theytendedtoignoreirrelevantstimuli.B.Theyfailedtophysicallyhold3Dobjects.C.Theyperformedveryslowlyaftertraining.D.Theydidworseinworkingmemorytasks.3.WhatmayMarcPalaussuggestdoing?A.Findingrecipesforbettercognitiveskills.B.Avoidinggettingaddictedtovideogames.C.Tryinglesschallengingvideogames.D.Forbiddingvideogamesfortheyoung.4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.PlayingVideoGamesasKidsCanCauseChangesinBrainB.VideoGamersMemorizeInformationMuchMoreQuicklyC.VideoGamesHelptoImproveChildren'sWorkingMemoryD.PlayingVideoGamesBenefitsCognitiveSkillsEvenYearsLater答案:1-4CDBD解析:1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Thestudyinvolved27
peoplebetweentheages
of
18and40
with
and
without
anykind
of
experiencewithvideogaming.”可知,該研究的研究對(duì)象是成年人。2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“'Peoplewho
were
video
gamers
beforeadolescence,
despite
nolonger
playing,
performed
betterwiththeworkingmemorytasks,”及第四段的內(nèi)容可推斷,沒有兒時(shí)玩電子游戲的經(jīng)驗(yàn)的人在工作記憶任務(wù)中表現(xiàn)得相對(duì)差一點(diǎn)。3.
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段、尤其是“‘However,it’s
not
the
reasonfor
playing
toomuch,’”可推斷,Marc
Palaus可能會(huì)建議人們要避免沉迷電子游戲。4.
標(biāo)題判斷題。通讀全文、尤其是文章第一段“NewresearchfromtheUniversityatObertadeCatalunya(UOC)hasgonefurthertoshowhow
cognitive(認(rèn)知的)changes
can
takeplace
even
years
after
peoplestopplaying.
”及第三段可知,本文主要介紹了一個(gè)新發(fā)現(xiàn)——兒時(shí)玩電子游戲有益于認(rèn)知能力。BSomeparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills.PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrentheUniversityofChicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(認(rèn)知)aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents’income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage.“Thechildrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot,ontasksthatassessedtheirabilitytorotate(旋轉(zhuǎn))andtranslateshapes,”Levinesaidinastatement.Theparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywould,andabouthalfofchildreninthestudyplayedwithpuzzlesatonetime.Higher-incomeparentstendedtohavechildrenplaywithpuzzlesmorefrequently,andbothboysandgirlswhoplayedwithpuzzleshadbetterspatialskills.However,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,andtheparentsofboysprovidedmorespatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplaythanparentsofgirls.ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentalScience.24.Inwhichaspectdochildrenbenefitfrompuzzleplay?A.Buildingconfidence. B.Developingspatialskills.C.Learningself-control. D.Gaininghigh-techknowledge.25.WhatdidLevinetakeintoconsiderationwhendesigningherexperiment?A.Parents’age. B.Children’simagination.C.Parents’education. D.Child-parentrelationship.26.Howdoboydifferfromgirlsinpuzzleplay?A.Theyplaywithpuzzlesmoreoften.B.Theytendtotalklessduringthegame.C.Theyprefertousemorespatiallanguage.D.Theyarelikelytoplaywithtougherpuzzles.27.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Amathematicalmethod. B.Ascientificstudy.C.Awomanpsychologist D.Ateachingprogram.【答案】24.B25.C26.D27.B【詞匯】1.puzzle 2.significant 3.predictor4.income 5.analyze 6.assess7.interact 8.complex 9.confidence10.tough 11.mathematical 12.psychologist1.puzzlen.
難題;謎;迷惑;拼圖游戲vt.
使為難;使困惑vi.
苦思;迷惑2.Significantadj.
重要的;有意義的;意味深長的;顯著的3.Predictorn.
預(yù)言者4.Incomen.
收入;所得;收益5.Analyzevt.
分析;解析;研究6.Assessv.
評(píng)定;評(píng)估;估算7.Interactvi.
相互作用;相互聯(lián)系;相互影響;互動(dòng)8.Complexadj.
復(fù)雜的;合成的;復(fù)合的n.
綜合體;復(fù)合體;[醫(yī)]綜合癥狀;[心]情結(jié)9.Confidencen.
信任;把握;信心;知心話adj.
騙得信任的10.Toughadj.
強(qiáng)硬的;棘手的,難辦的;艱苦的;嚴(yán)厲的;牢固的,強(qiáng)壯的;堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的,堅(jiān)韌的adv.
以強(qiáng)硬的態(tài)度;強(qiáng)硬地,頑強(qiáng)地n.
暴徒;惡棍11.Mathematicaladj.
數(shù)學(xué)的;精確的;可能性極小的12.psychologistn.
心理學(xué)家,心理學(xué)者【長難句】1.PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrentheUniversityofChicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.【句子分析】主干部分:PsychologistSusanLevinefoundchildrendevelopbetterspatialskills.同位語:anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrentheUniversityofChicago定語從句:whoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4later修飾children【翻譯】心理學(xué)家蘇珊·萊文是芝加哥大學(xué)幼兒數(shù)學(xué)發(fā)展方面的專家,她發(fā)現(xiàn)在2歲至4歲之間玩拼圖游戲的兒童后來發(fā)展出了更好的空間技能。2.Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(認(rèn)知)aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents’income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk.【句子分析】主干部分:Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition連詞+分詞短語作狀語:aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents’income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk.【翻譯】在排除了父母收入、教育程度和父母話語量差異后,拼圖游戲被發(fā)現(xiàn)是認(rèn)知水平的重要預(yù)測(cè)因素。3.Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage.【句子分析】主干部分:Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsandfoundchildrenhavebetterspatialskills介詞短語做定語:of53child-parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathome定語從句:whoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofage修飾children時(shí)間狀語從句:whenassessedat54monthsofage.【翻譯】研究人員分析了53對(duì)父母在日常家庭活動(dòng)中的視頻記錄,發(fā)現(xiàn)玩拼圖游戲的26至46個(gè)月大的孩子在54個(gè)月大的時(shí)候有更好的空間能力。4.Thechildrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot,ontasksthatassessedtheirabilitytorotate(旋轉(zhuǎn))andtranslateshapes.【句子分析】主干部分:Thechildrenperformedbetterthanthose定語從句:whoplayedwithpuzzles定語從句的省略:whodidnot(playedwithpuzzles)定語從句:thatassessedtheirabilitytorotate(旋轉(zhuǎn))andtranslateshapes.修飾tasks【翻譯】玩拼圖游戲的孩子,在評(píng)估他們旋轉(zhuǎn)能力和轉(zhuǎn)變形狀的任務(wù)上,表現(xiàn)得比不玩的孩子好【課堂檢測(cè)】建議15minAMakeUpYourMindtoSucceedKind-heartedparentshaveunknowinglylefttheirchildrendefenselessagainstfailure.Thegenerationbornbetween1980and2001grewupplayingsportswherescoresandperformancewereplayeddownbecause“everyone’swinner.”Andtheirreportcardssoundedmorepositive(正面的)thaneverbefore.Asaresult,StanfordUniversityprofessorCarolDweck,PhD,callsthem“theoverpraisedgeneration.”Dweckhasbeenstudyinghowpeopledealwithfailurefor40years.Herresearchhasledhertofindouttwoclearlydifferentmind-setsthathaveagreateffectonhowwereacttoit.Here’showtheywork:Afixedmind-setisgroundedinthebeliefthattalent(才能)isgenetic–you’reabornartist,pointguard,ornumbersperson.Thefixedmind-setbelievesit’ssuretosucceedwithoutmucheffortandregardsfailureaspersonalshame.Whenthingsgetdifficult,it’squicktoblame,lie,andevenstayawayfromfuturedifficulties.Ontheotherhand,agrowthmind-setbelievesthatnotalentisentirelyheaven-sentandthateffortandlearningmakeeverythingpossible.Becausetheego(自尊)isn’tonthelineasmuch,thegrowthmind-setseesfailureasachanceratherthanshame.Whenfacedwithadifficulty,it’squicktorethink,changeandtryagain.Infact,itenjoysthisexperience.Weareallbornwithgrowthmind-sets.(Otherwise,wewouldn’tbeabletoliveintheworld.)Butparents,teachers,andinstructorsoftenpushusintofixedmind-setsbyencouragingcertainactionsandmisdirectingpraise.Dweck’sbook,Mind-set:TheNewPsychologyofSuccess,andonlineinstructionalprogramexplainthisindepth.Butshesaystherearemanylittlethingsyoucanstartdoingtodaytomakesurethatyourchildren,grandchildrenandevenyouareneverdefeatedbyfailure.1.Whatdoestheauthorthinkaboutthepresentgeneration? A.Theydon’tdowellatschool. B.Theyareoftenmisunderstood. C.Theyareeagertowininsports. D.Theyaregiventoomuchpraise.【答案】D【解析】根據(jù)第一段中的“professorCarolDweck,PhD,callsthem“theoverpraisedgeneration.”可知:他們被表揚(yáng)的太多了?!究键c(diǎn)定位】考查作者觀點(diǎn)和看法。2.Afixedmind-setpersonisprobablyonewho___. A.doesn’twanttoworkhard B.caresalotaboutpersonalsafety C.cannotsharehisideaswithothers D.cansucceedwiththehelpofteachers【答案】A【解析】根據(jù)文章第三段中的“Thefixedmind-setbelievesit’ssuretosucceedwithoutmucheffortandregardsfailureaspersonalshame.”可知:他相信成功但不想付出努力。【考點(diǎn)定位】考查判斷推理。3.Whatdoesthegrowthmind-setbelieve? A.Admittingfailureisshameful. B.Talentcomeswithone’sbirth. C.Scoresshouldbehighlyvalued. D.Gettingoverdifficultiesisenjoyable.【答案】D【解析】根據(jù)文章第四段中的“thegrowthmind-setseesfailureasachanceratherthanshame.Whenfacedwithadifficulty,it’squicktorethink,changeandtryagain.Infact,itenjoysthisexperience.”可知D正確?!究键c(diǎn)定位】考查判斷推理。4.WhatshouldparentsdofortheirchildrenbasedonDweck’sstudy? A.Encouragethemtolearnfromfailures. B.Preventthemfrommakingmistakes. C.Guidethemindoinglittlethings. D.Helpthemgrowwithpraise.【答案】A【解析】根據(jù)文章的最后一句“Butshesaystherearemanylittlethingsyoucanstartdoingtodaytomakesurethatyourchildren,grandchildrenandevenyouareneverdefeatedbyfailure.”可知A正確。【考點(diǎn)定位】考查判斷推理。BDeputyAgricultureSecretaryKathleenMerriganseesanepidemic(流行病)sweepingacrossAmericasfarmland.Ithaslittletodowiththeusualchallenges,suchasflood,risingfuelpricesandcrop-eatinginsects.Thecountry'sfannersaregettingolder,andtherearefewerpeoplestandinginlinetotaketheirplace.Nationalagriculturalcensus(普查)figuresshowthatthefastest-growinggroupoffannersisthepartover65.Merriganisafraidtheaverageagewillbeevenhigherwhenthe2012statisticsarecompleted.Merrigan,aformercollegeprofessor,ismakingstopsatuniversitiesacrossthecountryinhopesofencouragingmorestudentstothinkaboutcareersinagriculture.Asidefromtryingtostopthegrayingof.America'sfarmers,herworkismadetougherbyarecentblogpostingthatputagricultureatNo.1onalistof"useless"collegedegrees.Topfederalagricultureofficialsaretalkingabouttheposting,andithastheattentionofagriculturalorganizationsacrossthecountry.“Therecouldn'tbeanythingthat'smoreincorrect,"Merrigansaid."Weknowthattherearen'tenoughqualifiedgraduatestofillthejobsthatareoutthereinAmericanagriculture.Inaddition,agrowingworldpopulationthatsomeexpertspredictwillrequire70%morefoodproductionby2050,shesaid.“Itrulybelievewe'reatagoldenageofagriculture.Globaldemandisatanall-timerecordhigh,andglobalsuppliesareatall-timerecordlows,"saidMattRush,directoroftheTexasFarmBureau."Productioncostsaregoingtobevaluableenoughthatyoungerpeoplearegoingtohavetheopportunitytobeinvolvedinagriculture."TheDepartmentofAgriculturehasprogramsaimedatdevelopingmorefarmersandatincreasinginterestinlocallygrownfood.TheNationalYoungFarmers'Coalitionhasalsobeenpushingforstateandfederalpolicychangestomakeiteasierfornewfarmers.RyanBest,presidentofFutureFannersofAmerica,hasbeenlivingoutofasuitcase,travelingthecountryandvisitingwithhighschoolstudentsaboutcareersinagriculture.The21-year-oldBesthopeshismessage-thatthisisanewtimeinagriculture-willmotivatethenextgenerationtoturnaroundthestatistics.Neverbeforehavewehadtheinnovations(創(chuàng)新)intechnologywhichhaveledtoagricultureinthiscountrybeingthemostefficientithaseverbeen,”hesaid.“there’sreallyaplaceforeverybodytofitin.”1.WhatisthenewchallengetoAmericanagriculture?A.Fewerandolderfarmers. B.Higherfuelprices.C.Morenaturaldisasters. D.Loweragriculturaloutput.2.WhyisMerriganvisitinguniversitiesacrossthecountry?A. Todrawfederalagricultureofficials'attention.B. Toselectqualifiedagriculturegraduates.C. Toclarifyarecentblogposting.D. Totalkmorestudentsintofarmingcareers3. AccordingtoMattRush,Americanagriculturewillprovideopportunitiesforyoungerpeoplebecause__________.A.thegovernmentwillcoverproductioncostsB.globalfoodsupplieswillbeevenlowerC.investmentinagriculturewillbeprofitableD.Americawillincreaseitsfoodexport4. Whatdotheunderlinedwords"toturnaroundthestatistics"inthelastparagraphmean?A.Tore-analyzetheresultofthenationalcensus.B.Toincreaseagriculturalproduction.C.Tobringdowntheaverageageoffarmers.D.Toinvestmoreinagriculture.1.【答案】A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第三句“Thecountry’sfarmersaregettingolder,andtherearefewerpeoplestandinginlinetotaketheirplace”可知,A項(xiàng)正確。2.【答案】D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句中“…ismakingstopsatuniversitiesacrossthecountryinhopesofencouragingmorestudentstothinkaboutcareersinagriculture”可知,D項(xiàng)正確。3.【答案】C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中“Globaldemandisatanall-timerecordhigh,andglobalsuppliesareatall-timerecordlows”可推斷MattRush認(rèn)為,全球?qū)r(nóng)業(yè)的需要達(dá)到了最高,而全球的供應(yīng)則達(dá)到了最低,故在農(nóng)業(yè)上投資肯定會(huì)獲利,即C項(xiàng)正確。4.【答案】C【解析】句意理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句中“…thisisanewtimeinagriculture—willmotivatethenextgeneration…”可推斷此處表示的是“農(nóng)業(yè)的新時(shí)機(jī)將會(huì)激勵(lì)下一代來參與,即農(nóng)民的平均年齡將會(huì)年輕化”,故C項(xiàng)正確?!疽c(diǎn)回顧】建議15min科普類文章解題技巧:方法一:較復(fù)雜單句的處理方法——找主、謂語,即找主干成分典型例句典型例句However,manyHowever,manyscientistswhospecializeinageingaredoubtfulaboutitandsaythehumanbodyisjustnotdesignedtolastpastabout120years.批注:簡單句中找出句子主語和謂語確定句子大意。方法二:并列句的處理方法——找并列連詞典型例句典型例句 ((MissGermaine’smotherlookedanxiousthroughthewedding)and(Mr.Cordell’sparentsarereportedtobelessthandelighted).批注:并列句的理解中關(guān)鍵找到并列連詞,然后分別理解前后單句。并列結(jié)構(gòu)一般有連詞and,but,or等。方法三:主從復(fù)合句的處理方法——找從屬連詞典型例句典型例句WhereasWhereasawoman’sclosestfemalefriendmightbethefirsttotellhertoleaveafailingmarriage,itwasn’tunusualtohearamansayhedidn’tknowhisfriend’smarriagewasinserioustroubleuntilheappearedonenightaskingifhecouldsleeponthesofa.批注:“whereas”提示前后對(duì)比;notunusual=usual;not...until...直到……才……句意:一個(gè)女人最親密的女性朋友最可能是第一個(gè)告訴她離開一次失敗婚姻的人;而聽見一個(gè)男人說,直到他的朋友一天晚上問他是否可以睡在他家的沙發(fā)上,他才知道他朋友的婚姻已非常糟糕,這是很平常的事。方法四:并列和主從復(fù)合句并存的處理方法——先讀懂并列句,再看主從復(fù)合句典型例句典型例句((Ifyouaskpeopletonameoneperson)(whohadthegreatesteffectontheEnglishlanguage),youwillgetanswerslike“Shakespeare”,“SamuelJohnson”,and“Webster”,butnoneofthesemenhadanyeffectatallcomparedtoaman(whodidn’tevenspeakEnglish—William,theConqueror).批注:先理解例句中but連接的并列句意思,然后分別理解由括號(hào)中的復(fù)合從屬連詞if,who先后引導(dǎo)的從句?!緶毓手隆拷ㄗh5min【課后鞏固】AForthosewhomakejourneysacrosstheworld,thespeedoftraveltodayhasturnedthecountriesintoaseriesofvillages.Distancesbetweenthemappearnogreatertoamoderntravelerthanthosewhichoncefacedmenastheywalkedfromvillagetovillage.Jetplaneflypeoplefromoneendoftheearthtotheother,allowingthemafreedomofmovementundreamtofahundredyearsago.Yetsomepeoplewonderiftherevolutionintravelhasgonetoofar.Apricehasbeenpaid,theysay,fortheconquest(征服)oftimeanddistance.Travelissomethingtobeenjoyed,notendured(忍受).Theboatoffersleisureandtimeenoughtoappreciatetheever-changingsightsandsoundsofajourney.Ajourneybytrainalsohasaspecialcharmaboutit.Lakesandforestsandwild,openplainssweepingpastyourcarriagewindowcreateagrandviewinwhichtimeanddistan
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