騎士和騎士文化英文介紹-課件

TheKnightandchivalryWhoisKnight?

knight(/na?t/)

isapersongrantedanhonorarytitle

ofknighthood

bya

monarch

orotherpoliticalleaderforservicetotheMonarchorcountry,especiallyinamilitarycapacity.Historically,inEurope,knighthoodhasbeenconferreduponmountedwarriors.Howdidknightform?Thefirstknightsappearedduringthereignof

Charlemagne

inthe8thcentury.Asthe

Carolingian

Ageprogressed,theFranksweregenerallyontheattack,ThesemobilemountedwarriorsmadeCharlemagne’sfar-flungconquestspossible,andtosecuretheirserviceherewardedthemwithgrantsoflandcalledbenefices.knight’sstatusDuringthe

HighMiddleAges,knighthoodwasconsideredaclassoflower

nobility.Usuallyonlysonsofknightsorlordscanbecomeaknight,

Insomecasescommonerscouldalsobeknightedasarewardforextraordinarymilitaryservice.Thepictureontherightshowschivalricranksduringthe

MiddleAges.Knight’sappearanceHowtobeaknight?Becomingaknightisthedreamofeveryboyinmiddleages,buttheprocessitextremelytough.Thepictureontherightshowsacommonceremonyofknightnomination（授名）.Howtobeaknight?Knighthoodwererequiredtomasterthe“sevenpointsof

agilities”–riding,

swimming

anddiving,shootingdifferenttypesofweapons,climbing,participationintournamentswrestling,

fencing,

longjumping,anddancing–theprerequisiteskillsforknighthood.Allofwhichweredoneevenwhilewearingarmor.TheKnight’sOath（宣誓）Saidbyfeudal

lord（冊封者）：Bewithoutfearinthefaceofyourenemies.BebraveanduprightthatGodmaysee.Speakthetruthevenifitleadstoyourdeath.SaveGodthehelpless.Thatisyouroath.Andthatsoyourememberit.Riseaknight!

強敵當(dāng)前，無畏不懼！果敢忠義，無愧上帝！耿正直言，寧死不誑！保護弱者，無怪天理！這是你的誓詞，牢牢記?。苑鉃轵T士！ThedeclarationofknightsIwillbekindtotheweak.Iwillbebraveandagainstthestrong.Iwillfighttheallwhodowrong.Iwillfightforthosewhocannotfight.Iwillhelpthosewhocallmeforhelp.Iwillharmnowoman.Iwillhelpmybrotherknight.Iwillbetruetomyfriends.Iwillbefaithfulinlove.

我發(fā)誓善待弱者

我發(fā)誓勇敢地對抗強暴

我發(fā)誓抗擊一切錯誤

我發(fā)誓為手無寸鐵的人戰(zhàn)斗

我發(fā)誓幫助任何向我求助的人

我發(fā)誓不傷害任何婦人

我發(fā)誓幫助我的兄弟騎士

我發(fā)誓真誠地對待我的朋友

我發(fā)誓將對所愛至死不渝

declineBytheendofthe15thcentury,knightsbecameobsoleteascountriesstartedcreatingtheirown

professionalarmies

thatwerequickertotrain,cheaperandeasiertomobilise.

Theadvancementofhigh-poweredfirearmseradicatedtheuseofplatearmour,asthetimeittakestotrainsoldierswithgunsismuchlesscomparedtothatoftheknight,thecostofequipmentislower.chivalryHistorically,theidealsofchivalry（騎士精神）werepopularizedin

medievalliterature,especiallythe

MatterofBritain

and

MatterofFrance,

SirThomasMalory's

"TheDeathofArthur",writtenin1485,wasimportantindefiningtheideal

of

chivalry

whichisessentialtothemodernconceptoftheknightasanelitewarriorsworntoupholdthevaluesoffaith,

loyalty,

courage,and

honor.chivalryDuringthe

Renaissance,thegenreof

chivalricromance

becamepopularinliterature,growingevermoreidealisticandeventuallygivingrisetoanewformof

realism

inliteraturepopularisedbyMigueldeCervantes'