專題16.4 閱讀理解（議論文）（第01期） 帶解析

2019年中考真題英語分項(xiàng)匯編（一）【2019?重慶市中考A卷】Fightsatschoolsometimeshappen.Buthowcanyoukeepawayfromafight?Here’ssomethingyoucando.Becalm(冷靜).Sometimes,youfeelsoangrythatyoureallywanttoteachsomebodyalesson.Butbeingangrycan’tsolveproblems.Neithercanafight.Instead,itmaybringyoumoreproblems.Intheschool,everyoneinvolved(卷入)inafightwillbepunished,nomatterwhostartedit.Therearewinnersinafight.Shoutloudly.Ifyouknowsomeoneiscomingupbehindyoutoattack,turntowardthepersonwithyourhandsupinfrontofyourbodyandloudlysay＂stop＂beforewalkingaway.Loudvoicecanusuallymaketheattackercalmdown.Ifthepersondoesn’tstop,cryforhelpbycallingoutthenameofateacherwhoseofficeisnearby.____Yourfriendmayaskyoutojoininafight.Learntosayno.Helpinghimfightisnotreallyhelpfultohim.Ifyoureallywanttogivehimahand,trytoaskhimtogiveitup.Also,youcantellhimifhegetsinvolvedinafight,hemaygethurtandbepunished.Then,trytolearnwhyhewantsafightandhelphimfindarightwaytodealwiththeproblem.1.Theunderlinedword＂attack＂inParagraph3means＂_________＂inChinese.A.擁抱 B.攻擊 C.阻止 D.吸引2.Whichofthefollowingsentencescanbeputinthe_________?A.Facebravely. B.Joininafight.C.Learntorefuse. D.Talktosomeone.3.Thepassageiswrittento_________.A.helpstudentskeepawayfromfights B.warnstudentsnottofightC.advisestudentstohelpeachother D.encouragestudentstoworkhard4.Thepassageiswrittenina/an_________tone(語氣).A.sad B.angry C.serious D.crazy【文章大意】本文介紹了學(xué)校里有時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生打架。但你怎么能不打架呢？本文提供了幾個(gè)方法。首先要冷靜。其次，當(dāng)有人在身后攻擊你時(shí)，要大聲喊。最后當(dāng)別人喊你參與打架時(shí)，你要學(xué)會(huì)拒絕并勸說不要打架。1.B【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)句子Loudvoicecanusuallymaketheattackercalmdown.大的聲音通常能使攻擊者平靜下來。attacker是名詞＂攻擊者＂的意思。去掉-er就是動(dòng)詞＂攻擊＂。句子Ifyouknowsomeoneiscomingupbehindyoutoattack,turntowardthepersonwithyourhandsupinfrontofyourbodyandloudlysay＂stop＂beforewalkingaway.中的attack是動(dòng)詞；該句的語境是：如果你知道有人在你身后攻擊你，那么在你離開之前，把手舉到你身體前面，朝著那個(gè)人大聲說＂停＂。因此單詞attack，是＂攻擊＂的意思。故選B。2.C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。A.Facebravely.勇敢地面對(duì)。B.Joininafight.參加打架。C.Learntorefuse.學(xué)著拒絕。D.Talktosomeone.和某人交談。根據(jù)Yourfriendmayaskyoutojoininafight.Learntosayno.Helpinghimfightisnotreallyhelpfultohim.你的朋友可能會(huì)要求你參加一場(chǎng)打架。你要學(xué)會(huì)說＂不＂。幫助他打架可能對(duì)他沒有真正的幫助?？芍径问墙榻B了要學(xué)會(huì)拒絕打架。故選C。3.A【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)Fightsatschoolsometimeshappen.Buthowcanyoukeepawayfromafight?Here’ssomethingyoucando.學(xué)校里有時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生打架。但你怎么能不打架呢？這是你能做的。可知，本文主要介紹了如何幫助學(xué)生遠(yuǎn)離打架。故選A。4.C【解析】推理判斷題。A.sad悲哀的；B.angry生氣的；C.serious嚴(yán)肅的；D.crazy瘋狂的。根據(jù)Becalm(冷靜).、Shoutloudly.和Learntorefuse.可知，本文介紹了如何在學(xué)校里避免打架。因此語氣應(yīng)該是嚴(yán)肅的。故選C?！军c(diǎn)睛】詞義猜測(cè)題是閱讀理解中常見的一種題型，所猜測(cè)詞匯可以是生詞，也可以是熟詞新義，還可以是人稱代詞的指代內(nèi)容。詞義猜測(cè)題主要考查考生根據(jù)上下文推測(cè)詞義和語義的能力，突出考查對(duì)語境的分析和把握能力。常見的猜詞法有：(1)利用上下文語境。猜測(cè)任何詞義都離不開上下文，所以要借助上下文對(duì)需要猜測(cè)的詞或短語進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推測(cè)。(2)利用定義或解釋性的線索。閱讀文章中的有些生詞往往在其后會(huì)有對(duì)該詞進(jìn)行解釋說明的短語或句子，利用它們猜詞義較容易(3)利用文章的邏輯關(guān)系答題。如并列、對(duì)比、因果、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系等。這些邏輯關(guān)系往往通過一些相應(yīng)的詞或短語表達(dá)出來，如but,or,however,so,because等。(4)利用構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)答題。熟記一些前綴、后綴所表達(dá)的意思，不僅可以擴(kuò)大詞匯量，而且?guī)椭覀儾聹y(cè)詞義。第1小題的詞義猜測(cè)題就是利用第1種解題方法。（二）【2019?浙江省金華、義烏、麗水市】Inthepark,youseeagroupofpeople,alllookingupatthesky.Withoutthinkingaboutit,youlookupwards,too.Why?Intheconcert,someonebeginstoclapandsuddenlythewholeroomjoinsin.Youdo,too.Why?Sometimeswefeelweareactingcorrectlywhenwedothesameasothers.Themorepeoplefollowanidea,thebetterortruerwethinktheideais.It’sthesocialproof(社會(huì)認(rèn)同感)thatworks.ThescientistAschcarriedoutanexperiment.Itshowshowsocialproofcaninfluenceus.Inaroom,amanisshownLine1,andnexttoitarethreelines(A,B,C).Aislonger,CisshorterandBisaslongasLine1.HemusttellwhichofthethreelinesisaslongasLine1.Whenthemanisalone,hegivesthecorrectanswerB.Then,fiveothermanentertheroom,andeachofthemgivestheanswerCastheyweretoldto.NowthemanchangeshisideaandgivestheanswerC.Aschgotthesameresultmanytimesamongdifferentsubjects(實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象).Whydoweactlikethis?Well,inthepast,followingotherswasawaytokeepawayfromdanger.Supposethat5000yearsagoyouwerehunting(打獵)withfriends.Suddenly,theyallranaway.Whatwouldyouhavedone?Wouldyouhavestayed?No,youwouldhaverun,too.Wearedescendants(后代)ofthosewhocopiedothers’action.Itissodeeplyplantedinourmindthatwestilluseitnow.Socialproofhasspecialpower.Theadvertisingindustry,forexample,oftenmakesuseofit.Sobecarefulwheneveracompanysaysitsproductis＂themostpopular＂.5.Atthebeginningofthepassage,thewriterleadsinthetopicby_________.A.tellingastory B.givingexamplesC.answeringquestions D.showingamap6.AccordingtoParagraph3,theexperimentbyAschshows_________.A.followingothersisalwaysrightB.socialproofmaychangepeople’sideasC.it’sdifficulttocarryouttheexperimentD.peoplecanstudybetteriftheyarealone7.Theunderlinedword＂It＂inParagraph4refersto_________.A.runningwithothers B.huntingwithfriendsC.copyingothers’action D.doingsomethingdifferent8.Accordingtothepassage,wecaninfer(推斷)that_________.A.it’simportanttorunwithothersanytimeB.productsintheadvertisementarethebestC.wemustn’tcopyothers’actiontokeepsafeD.weneedtothinktwicebeforefollowingothers【文章大意】本文主要通過一些社會(huì)現(xiàn)象以及科學(xué)家做的實(shí)驗(yàn)，告訴大家不要盲目隨波逐流。5.B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段可知，分別講了在公園和在音樂會(huì)上的兩種現(xiàn)象——?jiǎng)e人抬頭看天空你也會(huì)不自覺地看天空，別人在音樂會(huì)上鼓掌，不一會(huì)兒整個(gè)屋子的人都會(huì)跟著鼓掌。通過這兩個(gè)例子引出本文主題，故答案選B。6.B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中第3段中的信息Itshowshowsocialproofcaninfluenceus.它說明了社會(huì)認(rèn)同感是如何影響我們的；故答案選B。7.C【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)上文Wearedescendants(后代)ofthosewhocopiedothers’action.我們是那些復(fù)制他人行為的人的后代。結(jié)合本句Itissodeeplyplantedinourmind它深深的植入了我們的思想中，＂它＂指的就是復(fù)制其他人的行為這件事；故答案選C。8.D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章我們可以推斷，在追隨其他人之前，我們需要再三考慮.恰巧這也是整篇文章的主旨，不要盲目隨波逐流。故答案選D。（三）【2019?浙江省衢州市】Textingwhiledrivingisagainstthelawin47states.Butwhatabouttextingwhilewalking?A2018studyreportedthatmorethan2,500peopleintheUSendedupinhospitalsresultingfromusingamobiledevice(設(shè)備)whilewalking.Hawaiipassedalawmakingitillegal(違法的)totextorlookdownatamobiledevicewhilecrossingthestreet.Itisthefirststatewithalawlikethis.Dopeoplethinkmoreplacesshouldacceptsuchalaw?TheLATimesdidasurvey.Herearesomerepliestheyreceived.RenaJose,2,NewYorkWhichismoreimportant,textingorsafety?Ifyouarelookingatyourphonewhilewalking,youmightnotseeacarcomeortrafficlightsturnred.Itcanbeverydangerous.Forexample,inJapan,onepersonfellintoalakeandanothergotherlegstuckinahole,becausebothhadtheirmindontheirphone.Weshouldmaketextingwhilecrossingthestreetillegalinmorecities.AndySelvam,55,CaliforniaPeopledomanythingsthatcauseinjurytothemselvesbutarenotillegal,suchasclimbingmountains,drivingcars,swimmingandsoon.Peoplemightgethurtfromtextingandwalkingifthey’renotpayingattention.ButIstillthinktheyshouldhaveachoice.BobMadigan,45,OregonAshumans,wecanmakeourowndecisions.I’mnotsayingit’ssafe,butwedon’tneedthegovernmenttobabysitus.Ifwewanttolearntomakesmartdecisions,thegovernmentneedstostoptellinguswhattodo.Afterall,thisisafreecountry.AndrewBlack,34,AlaskaThislawisagoodidea—comparethisprotectionwithseatbelts.IfthislawispassedalloverUS,peoplewillbeworried.Butistherereallyawaytopleaseeveryone?Thiswouldnotbeforfun.ItwouldbesafeandgoodforallAmericans.9.Accordingtothepassage,in_________,itisagainstthelawifpeopletextwhilecrossingthestreet.A.Alaska B.California C.Hawaii D.NewYork10.TheLATimesdidthesurveymostprobablyto_________.A.wintheheartsofmorereadersB.encouragemorestatestopassthelawC.askreadersiftheyagreewithtextingwhiledrivingD.learnaboutpeople’sopinionsontextingwhilewalking11.InRena’sreply,sheshowedthedangeroftextingwhilewalkingby_________.A.usingnumbers B.givingexamplesC.askingquestions D.tellingstories12.WhichofthefollowingisAndrewBlack’sopinion?A.Textingismoreimportantthansafety.B.ThelawwouldhelptokeepAmericanssafe.C.It’seasytopleaseeveryonewhenpassingalaw.D.Whethertotextornotwhilewalkingispeople’sownchoice.【文章大意】本文主要談?wù)撨^馬路發(fā)短信的問題。在美國47個(gè)州，開車時(shí)發(fā)短信是違法的。一項(xiàng)2018年的研究報(bào)告稱，美國有2500多人因走路使用了手機(jī)最終住進(jìn)了醫(yī)院。夏威夷通過了一項(xiàng)法律，規(guī)定過街時(shí)發(fā)短信或看手機(jī)是違法的。洛杉磯時(shí)報(bào)就此事做了一項(xiàng)調(diào)查。9.C【解析】題意：在_______，人們?cè)谶^街時(shí)發(fā)短信是違法的?？疾榧?xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第2段第2句Hawaiipassedalawmakingitillegal(違法的)totextorlookdownatamobiledevicewhilecrossingthestreet.（夏威夷通過了一項(xiàng)法律，規(guī)定過街時(shí)發(fā)短信或看手機(jī)是違法的。）可知在夏威夷，人們?cè)谶^街時(shí)發(fā)短信是違法的。故選C。10.D【解析】題意：洛杉磯時(shí)報(bào)做這項(xiàng)調(diào)查很可能是為了________?？疾榧?xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第2段第3和4句Dopeoplethinkmoreplacesshouldacceptsuchalaw?TheLATimesdidasurvey.（人們認(rèn)為更多的地方應(yīng)該接受這樣的法律嗎？洛杉磯時(shí)報(bào)做了一項(xiàng)調(diào)查。）可知＂洛杉磯時(shí)報(bào)做這項(xiàng)調(diào)查很可能是為了了解人們對(duì)走路時(shí)發(fā)短信的看法＂；故選D。11.B【解析】題意：在Rena的回復(fù)中，她通過_______說明了走路時(shí)發(fā)短信的危險(xiǎn)?？疾榧?xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)表格一第4句Forexample,inJapan,onepersonfellintoalakeandanothergotherlegstuckinahole可知在Rena的回復(fù)中，她通過舉例說明了走路時(shí)發(fā)短信的危險(xiǎn)。故選B。12.B【解析】題意：以下哪項(xiàng)是安德魯·布萊克的觀點(diǎn)？考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)表格4第5句ItwouldbesafeandgoodforallAmericans.（這對(duì)所有美國人都是安全和有益的。）可知安德魯·布萊克認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)法律將有助于保護(hù)美國人的安全。故選B。（四）【2019?安徽省中考】Haveyoutriedtorunorwalkforexerciseandthengivenup?Ifyouansweredyes,youshouldtryanewkindofexercise:aquatic(水中的)exercise.Aquaticexerciseislikeexerciseonland,butyoudoitinaswimmingpool.Moreandmorepeoplearetryingaquaticexercise.Aquaticexercisefeelseasierthanexercisingonland.Why?Youweighabout90%lessinthepool.Itisbetterforyourkneesthanrunningorwalking.Waterisabout1,000timesthickerandheavierthanair.Tomovethroughthewater,yourbodyhastoworkfourtimesashard.Asaresult,youcanburnmorecalories(卡路里).Infact,mostpeoplesaytheyfeelmorerelaxedinthewater.Theystopthinkingaboutthethingsthatmakethemworried.Theyfeelincontroloftheirbodies.Thecool,quietenvironmentmakesthemfeelgood.Butwhatifyouareafraidofthewater?Noproblem!Thereisnothingtoworryabout.Aquaticexerciseissafeandeasytolearn.Itdoesn’trequireanyspecialskills.Youdon’tevenneedtoknowhowtoswim.Aquaticexerciseisforeveryone.13.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.Differencebetweenairandwater. B.Weightchangeofone’sbody.C.Theadvantagesofaquaticexercise. D.Thewaystodoaquaticexercise.14.Whatdomostpeoplethinkofaquaticexercise?A.Relaxing. B.Worrying. C.Challenging. D.Boring.15.Accordingtothetext,aquaticexerciseis_________.A.doneingroups B.fitforeveryoneC.difficulttolearn D.donewithspecialskills16.Inwhichpartofamagazinecanwereadthetext?A.Culture. B.Health. C.Nature. D.Travel.【文章大意】跑步或走路來鍛煉身體總是很容易半途而廢，那么就來嘗試一下水中運(yùn)動(dòng)吧，它就像陸地上的鍛煉一樣，只不過是在游泳池里。這種鍛煉可以燃燒更多的卡路里，且不會(huì)傷害你的膝蓋，還能讓人們感覺很放松，因此受到了越來越多人的歡迎。13.C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的文意可知，這一段介紹了水中運(yùn)動(dòng)比陸地運(yùn)動(dòng)更容易的原因，它不傷害你的膝蓋，且能燃燒更多的卡路里?？偠灾?，這一段介紹的是水中運(yùn)動(dòng)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，故C選項(xiàng)符合文意。14.A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為水中運(yùn)動(dòng)怎么樣？A.Relaxing令人放松的。B.是＂令人擔(dān)心的＂；C.是＂有挑戰(zhàn)性的＂；D.是＂無聊的＂。根據(jù)短文第三段中Infact,mostpeoplesaytheyfeelmorerelaxedinthewater….Thecool,quietenvironmentmakesthemfeelgood.可知，大多數(shù)人都覺得在水里很放松，感覺很好。由此可知應(yīng)選A。15.B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文最后一段Aquaticexerciseissafeandeasytolearn.Itdoesn’trequireanyspecialskills.Youdon’tevenneedtoknowhowtoswim.Aquaticexerciseisforeveryone可知，水中運(yùn)動(dòng)非常安全、學(xué)起來也很容易，不需要什么特殊的技能，它適合每個(gè)人。由此可知應(yīng)選B。16.B【解析】推理判斷題。我們?cè)陔s志那個(gè)板塊可以讀到以上內(nèi)容？A.是＂文化＂；C.是＂自然＂；D.是＂旅行＂。根據(jù)短文第一段Ifyouansweredyes,youshouldtryanewkindofexercise:aquatic(水中的)exercise.Aquaticexerciseislikeexerciseonland,butyoudoitinaswimmingpool.Moreandmorepeoplearetryingaquaticexercise可知，短文介紹的是一種越來越受人們歡迎的新運(yùn)動(dòng)—水中運(yùn)動(dòng)，這樣的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該在雜志上的健康版塊，故應(yīng)先B。（五）【2019?山東省濰坊市】ArecentstudyfromateamofSouthKoreanresearcherssuggeststhateatingaloneoftenmayleadtopooreatinghabitsandpoorfoodchoices.Specifically,thestudyfoundthatmenwhoatealonemorethantwiceaweekhadagreaterriskofdevelopinghighbloodpressure,highcholesterolanddiabetes.Forchildren,eatingwiththeirfamiliesisnotonlyaboutpreventingbadoutcomes(結(jié)果)—itisalsoaboutdevelopinggoodones.In2014,theOrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment(OECD)lookedatdatafromnearlythree-quartersoftheworld’scountries.Amongitsfindingswasthefactthatstudentswhosharedamainmealwiththeirfamilieswerelesslikelytoskipschool.Childrenwhoeatamainmealwiththeirfamiliesarealsolesslikelytoabusedrugsandalcohol(吸毒酗酒).Inthereport,titled＂TheImportanceofFamilyDinners(VIII)＂,researcherssaythat＂teenswhohavefrequentfamilydinnersaremorelikelytosaytheirparentsknowalotaboutwhat’sgoingonintheirlives＂.Theyalsoclaimthatwhenteenssaytheyfeelclosertotheirparents,theyarelesslikelytousedrugsandalcohol.AnotherstudyfromtheUniversityofMontrealfoundthatchildrenwhoatewiththeirfamiliesexperiencelong–termphysicalandmentalhealthbenefits(好處).Thesechildrenwerephysicallyinbettershapeanddrankfewersugarysoftdrinks.Thesechildrenalsoseemedtohavebettersocialskillsandtheywerelessaggressive(好斗的).ProfessorLindaPaganisaysthatmealtimessharedwithparents＂likelyprovideyoungchildrenwithfirst-handsocialinteractions,discussionsofsocialissues(事件)andday-to-dayconcerns＂.Sheaddsthattheymaylikelyhelpthechildhavebettercommunicationskillswithothers.17.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Benefitsofeatingtogether B.AdvantagesofeatingaloneC.Waysofdevelopingsocialskills D.Risksofusingdrugsandalcohol18.Childreneatingwiththeirfamiliesaremorelikelyto_________.A.drinkmoresugarysoftdrinksB.dowellintheirstudiesatschoolC.bemoresociallyactiveandaggressiveD.haveacloserrelationshipwiththeirparents19.WhyisProfessorPaganimentionedinthelastparagraph?A.Tointroduceher B.ToaddanewpointC.Toexplainfurther D.Toprovidebackgroundinformation20.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?A.Atravelguide B.AbiologytextbookC.Acookinginstruction D.Asciencemagazine【文章大意】這是一篇說明文，多項(xiàng)研究結(jié)果說明家人一起吃飯的重要性，民以食為天，吃飯是一個(gè)讓我們停下手中的事情來享受生活的機(jī)會(huì)。17.A【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù).Amongitsfindingswasthefactthatstudentswhosharedamainmealwiththeirfamilieswerelesslikelytoskipschool.Childrenwhoeatamainmealwiththeirfamiliesarealsolesslikelytoabusedrugsandalcohol(吸毒酗酒).和AnotherstudyfromtheUniversityofMontrealfoundthatchildrenwhoatewiththeirfamiliesexperiencelong–termphysicalandmentalhealthbenefits(好處)可知文章主要講一起吃飯的好處；故選A。18.D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù).Theyalsoclaimthatwhenteenssaytheyfeelclosertotheirparents,可知是和父母有更親近的關(guān)系；故選D。19.C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ProfessorLindaPaganisaysthatmealtimessharedwithparents＂likelyprovideyoungchildrenwithfirst-handsocialinteractions,discussionsofsocialissues(事件)andday-to-dayconcerns＂.Sheaddsthattheymaylikelyhelpthechildhavebettercommunicationskillswithothers.可知是為了更深一層的解釋孩子和父母一起吃飯的重要性；故選C。20.D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ArecentstudyfromateamofSouthKoreanresearcherssuggeststhateatingaloneoftenmayleadtopooreatinghabitsandpoorfoodchoices.Specifically,thestudyfoundthatmenwhoatealonemorethantwiceaweekhadagreaterriskofdevelopinghighbloodpressure,highcholesterolanddiabetes.和后文的一些調(diào)查，可推測(cè)文章內(nèi)容可能是一篇來自科學(xué)雜志的文章；Atravelguide一本旅游指南，Abiologytextbook一本生物課本，Acookinginstruction一本烹飪說明，Asciencemagazine一個(gè)科學(xué)雜志；故選D。（六）【2019?江蘇省南京市】SPEAKYOURMINDMikeIsaacandIarereportersofStudentDaily.ForthetopicsofournewspapernextmonthvisitedSunshineElementarySchoolonMay10.Weinterviewedsomestudentsandhereiswhattheysaid.JOSLYNFARCE,9Ibelievethatweshouldrecyclemorepaper,becausewe’recuttingdowntoomanytrees.Themoretreesthatarecutdown,themoreoxygenwelose.Thecompaniesresponsibleshouldplantmoretrees.JAYDENMITCHELL,9Runningisthebestexercise,becauseyou’removingyourwholebody.Ithelpsyourheartandyourlungs.Noteveryoneishealthy,soweshouldhavemoreexercise.ANDREWBARHAS,9Ithinkeveryoneshoulduseacalmvoice.Whenpeopleareloud,itcausesthemtobemadatoneanother.Sometimesitevenmakespeoplequarrelwitheachother.Whenpeoplespeakcalmlytooneanother,theyfeelhappy.JOSEPHTRUONG,10Peopleshouldstophuntingtigersfortheirfur,forfunandformedicine.Imagineifyouwereatigerfreeinthewild,andthe...BOOM,youareshot(槍殺)foryourfur.Howwouldyoufeel?21.WhatdidMikeIsaacandthewritervisitSunshineElementarySchoolfor?A.Forenvironmentprotection. B.Forwildlifeprotection.C.Forgoodmannersinschool. D.Fortopicsofthenewspaper.22.WhatmaycausepeopletobemadatoneanotherinAndrewVargas’sopinion?A.Losingmoreoxygen. B.Speakinginaloudvoice.C.Cuttingdownmoretrees. D.Huntingtigersformedicine.23.Whotalkedabouthealth?A.JoslynFrace. B.JaydenMitchell. C.AndrewVargas. D.JosephTruong.【文章大意】作者是校報(bào)的記者，為了下個(gè)月報(bào)紙主題，他們參觀了SunshineElementarySchool，他們采訪了幾個(gè)學(xué)生，JOSLYNFARCE說我們應(yīng)該回收更多的紙，太多的樹被砍伐，樹砍的越多，氧氣越少，我們應(yīng)該種更多的樹；JAYDENMITCHELL說跑步是最好的運(yùn)動(dòng)，它能幫助我們的心臟和肺；ANDREWBARHAS說我們應(yīng)該用一個(gè)平靜的聲音說話，大聲說話容易讓人生氣；JOSEPHTRUONG說人們不應(yīng)該獵殺老虎，如果你是一只老虎，被獵殺了，你感覺怎樣？21.D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)MikeIsaacandIarereportersofStudentDaily.ForthetopicsofournewspapernextmonthvisitedSunshineElementarySchoolonMay10.Weinterviewedsomestudents可知是為了下個(gè)月報(bào)紙主題；故選D。22.B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Whenpeopleareloud,itcausesthemtobemadatoneanother.可知是大聲說話；故選B。23.B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)JAYDENMITCHELL,9Runningisthebestexercise,becauseyou’removingyourwholebody.Ithelpsyourheartandyourlungs.Noteveryoneishealthy,soweshouldhavemoreexercise可知JaydenMitchell談?wù)摿私】担还蔬xB。（七）【2019?江西省中考】Playingvideogamesandgettingmoneyforitseemslikeadreamjobformanyoftoday’steenagers.Butisitallfunandgames?BigbusinessPro(professional)gamingiscertainlybigbusiness.In2017,thereweremorethan3,000gamingcompetitionsandover10,000professionalplayersworldwide.Alargenumberofpeoplewatchtheircompetitionsonline,andsuccessfulgamerscangetmorethan1,000,000dollarsfromprizemoneyandads.Theindustryisclearlythriving.WhatittakesBecomingaprofessionalisnotjustaboutbeinggoodatplayinggames-italsotakesalotofhardwork.Someprogamerspracticeforfourteenhoursaday."Youneedtospendmuchtimeandputallyoureffortstoit",saysex-gamerGeorgeNotallfunandgamesItcanbeadifficultjobaswell.Stressisabigproblemforgamers.Tirednessisanother,andinjuries(受傷)arecommon.TopplayerHaiLamhadwrist(手腕)problemsafteryearsofprogaming.Careers(生涯)areshort,andmanygamersretire(退休)beforetheyare30andtrytofindanotherjob.However,thebadpointsprobablywon’tchangethedreamsofmanyteenagegamers.Andangryparentsarestilllikelytoheartheexcuse,＂ButI’mjustpracticingformyfuturejob!＂24.Howmanyprofessionalplayersweretherearoundtheworldin2017?A.130.000. B.Morethan3,000. C.Over1,000.000. D.Morethan10.00025.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"thriving"inParagraph2meanA.Gettingworse. B.Doingwell. C.Developingslowly. D.Changingquickly.26.Whatcanweinferfromthelastsentenceofthepassage?A.ChildrenareangrywiththeirparentsB.TeenagerspracticegamesfortheirfuturejobsC.SometeenagersarecrazyaboutplayinggamesD.Parentsstoptheirchildrenplayinggamessuccessfully.27.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.Progamingisn’tallfunandgamesB.Thecareerasaprogamerdoesn’tlastlongC.Beingaprogamerisagoodchoiceforteenagers.D.Beingaprogamerisaneasywaytomakemoney.【文章大意】玩電腦游戲掙錢對(duì)今天的青少年來說好像是一個(gè)夢(mèng)想中的工作，都是樂趣和游戲嗎？真正的專業(yè)游戲人員需要花費(fèi)大量的時(shí)間來練習(xí)，需要投入全部的精力，壓力對(duì)他們來說是一個(gè)大問題，受傷很普通，頂尖玩家HaiLam就有手腕問題，許多玩家30前就退休，但是這些不好的情況不能改變青少年游戲者的夢(mèng)想。24.D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)In2017,thereweremorethan3,000gamingcompetitionsandover10,000professionalplayersworldwide.可知超過10,000個(gè)專業(yè)玩家；故選D。25.B【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)Alargenumberofpeoplewatchtheircompetitionsonline,andsuccessfulgamerscangetmorethan1,000,000dollarsfromprizemoneyandads.可知這種產(chǎn)業(yè)做得很好；故選B。26.C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)However,thebadpointsprobablywon’tchangethedreamsofmanyteenagegamers.Andangryparentsarestilllikelytoheartheexcuse,＂ButI’mjustpracticingformyfuturejob!＂可知雖然有一些不好的情況，但是也不能改變青少年游戲者的夢(mèng)想，可知一些青少年對(duì)玩游戲很著迷；故選C。27.A【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)玩電腦游戲掙錢對(duì)今天的青少年來說好像是一個(gè)夢(mèng)想中的工作，都是樂趣和游戲嗎？真正的專業(yè)游戲人員需要花費(fèi)大量的時(shí)間來練習(xí)，需要投入全部的精力，壓力對(duì)他們來說是一個(gè)大問題，受傷很普通，頂尖玩家HaiLam就有手腕問題，許多玩家30前就退休，但是這些不好的情況不能改變青少年游戲者的夢(mèng)想?？芍恼轮饕v專業(yè)游戲不總是樂趣和游戲；故選A。（八）【2019?天津市中考】Therearemanywaystohelpimproveyourhealthlikeeatinghealthyfood.Takingexerciseandgettingmedicalhelp.Buttheeasiestandcheapestwaytoimproveyourhealthisjusttosleepeighthoursormoreeverynight.Thegeneralsleepingruleisthattheyoungeryouare,thelongersleepyouneed.Butregardlessof(不管)age,somepeopleneedtosleepmorewhileforsomeafewhoursisenough.Theproblemwithsleepisthatmoreandmorepeopleintheworldarenotsleepingenough.AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganizationoverhalfthepeopleintheworldmaybesleep-deprived.Havinglesssleepnotonlymakespeoplefeeltiredbutalsocausesaccidents.IntheUnitedStatesalone,sleepydriverscauseatleast100,000trafficaccidentsayear.Alsosleepproblemscancausemedicalproblemssuchashighbloodpressure(血壓).Whyaresomanypeoplesleep-deprived?Partofthereasonsmaybecultural.IntheAmericanculture,peopleputahighervalueonworkthanonsleep.Infact,peopelewhosleepalotareusuallvseenas＂lazy＂.Also,youcansometimeshearsomepeoplesayproudlythattheydon’thavemuchtimetosleep.theyonlysleepfourorfivehoursanight.Itseemsthatthelessyousleep,themoreworkyou’lldo.Howdoweteachthesepeopletolearnthevalueofsleep?PerhapstheymaylistentotheadviceofDr.JamesMaasanexpert(專家)insleep.Hesays,＂Sleepislikeacredit(信用卡)card.Whenyousleepless.youareonlyborrowingtime.Youalwayshavetopayitback.Themorehoursyoudon’tsleep,themorehoursyoushouldtsleepto‘payback’thehoursonyour‘sleepcreditcard.’＂Forthosewhovalueworkmorethansleep,theyshouldlistentowhatafamouspersononcesaid.＂Don’tthinkyouwillbedoinglessworkbecauseyousleepduringthenight.Thatisafoolish(愚蠢的)ideawhichisheldbypeoplewhohavenoimagination.Youwillbeabletodomore.＂28.Accordingtothewriter,theeasiestandcheapestwaytoimprovehealthisto_________.A.eathealthyfoodeveryday B.takeexcrciscasmuchaspossibleC.getmedicalhelpwhenevernecessary D.sleepeighthoursormoreeverynight29.Whatdoes＂slecep-deprived＂meaninParagraph2?A.Havingagoodsleep. B.Excitedaboutsleep.C.Havinglesssleep. D.Interestedinsleep.30.AccordingtoDr.JamesMaas.whatissleeplike?A.Anhour. B.Areport.C.Acreditcard. D.Apieceofpaper.31.WhatdothewordsofthefamouspersonmeaninParagragh5?A.Sleepingduringthenightisfoolish.B.Sleepingduringthenightishelpful.C.Peoplehavenocourage.D.Peoplealwaysdolesswork.32.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage’?A.TheValueofSleepB.TheValueofStudyC.TheWaysofEatingLessD.TheWaysofMakingMoney【文章大意】本文介紹了睡眠的價(jià)值。文章介紹了有很多方法可以幫助改善你的健康，但改善健康的最簡(jiǎn)單和最便宜的方法就是每晚只睡8個(gè)小時(shí)或更長時(shí)間。世界上越來越多的人睡眠不足。睡眠不足不僅使人感到疲勞，而且還會(huì)造成事故。文化是造成睡眠不足的原因之一。我們?nèi)绾谓踢@些人學(xué)習(xí)睡眠的價(jià)值？睡眠專家告訴我們：＂睡眠就像信用卡。當(dāng)你睡眠不足時(shí)。你只是在借用時(shí)間。你總是要還錢。你不睡覺的時(shí)間越多，＂償還＂你＂睡眠信用卡＂上的時(shí)間就越多。＂一位名人曾經(jīng)說過：＂不要以為你會(huì)因?yàn)橥砩纤X而減少工作。這是一個(gè)沒有想象力的人的愚蠢的想法。你可以做得更多。＂28.D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Buttheeasiestandcheapestwaytoimproveyourhealthisjusttosleepeighthoursormoreeverynight.可知，但改善健康的最簡(jiǎn)單和最便宜的方法就是每晚只睡8個(gè)小時(shí)或更長時(shí)間。故選D。29.C【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。A.Havingagoodsleep.睡得好；B.Excitedaboutsleep.對(duì)睡眠感到興奮。C.Havinglesssleep.睡眠不足；D.Interestedinsleep.對(duì)睡眠感興趣。句子AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganizationoverhalfthepeopleintheworldmaybesleep-deprived.根據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織的數(shù)據(jù)，世界上一半以上的人可能睡眠不足。因此sleep-deprived的意思是：睡眠不足。故選C。30.C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。A.Anhour.一個(gè)小時(shí)；B.Areport.一份報(bào)告；C.Acreditcard.一張信用卡；D.Apieceofpaper.一張紙。根據(jù)Sleepislikeacredit(信用卡)card.可知，睡眠就像信用卡。故選C。31.B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。句子＂Don’tthinkyouwillbedoinglessworkbecauseyousleepduringthenight.Thatisafoolish(愚蠢的)ideawhichisheldbypeoplewhohavenoimagination.Youwillbeabletodomore.＂＂不要以為你會(huì)因?yàn)橥砩纤X而減少工作。這是一個(gè)沒有想象力的人的愚蠢的想法。你可以做得更多。＂這句話充分說明了晚上睡覺是有幫助的。故選B。32.A【解析】推理判斷題。A.TheValueofSleep睡眠的價(jià)值；B.TheValueofStudy學(xué)習(xí)的價(jià)值；C.TheWaysofEatingLess少吃的方法；D.TheWaysofMakingMoney賺錢的方式。根據(jù)Therearemanywaystohelpimproveyourhealthlikeeatinghealthyfood.Takingexerciseandgettingmedicalhelp.Buttheeasiestandcheapestwaytoimproveyourhealthisjusttosleepeighthoursormoreeverynight.有很多方法可以幫助改善你的健康，比如吃健康食品。進(jìn)行鍛煉并獲得醫(yī)療幫助。但改善健康的最簡(jiǎn)單和最便宜的方法就是每晚只睡8個(gè)小時(shí)或更長時(shí)間。和句子Howdoweteachthesepeopletolearnthevalueofsleep?我們?nèi)绾谓踢@些人學(xué)習(xí)睡眠的價(jià)值？可知，本文主要介紹了睡眠的價(jià)值。因此最好的題目是TheValueofSleep.故選A?！军c(diǎn)睛】詞義猜測(cè)題是閱讀理解中常見的一種題型，所猜測(cè)詞匯可以是生詞，也可以是熟詞新義，還可以是人稱代詞的指代內(nèi)容。詞義猜測(cè)題主要考查考生根據(jù)上下文推測(cè)詞義和語義的能力，突出考查對(duì)語境的分析和把握能力。常見的猜詞法有：(1)利用上下文語境。猜測(cè)任何詞義都離不開上下文，所以要借助上下文對(duì)需要猜測(cè)的詞或短語進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推測(cè)。(2)利用定義或解釋性的線索。閱讀文章中的有些生詞往往在其后會(huì)有對(duì)該詞進(jìn)行解釋說明的短語或句子，利用它們猜詞義較容易(3)利用文章的邏輯關(guān)系答題。如并列、對(duì)比、因果、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系等。這些邏輯關(guān)系往往通過一些相應(yīng)的詞或短語表達(dá)出來，如but,or,however,so,because等。(4)利用構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)答題。熟記一些前綴、后綴所表達(dá)的意思，不僅可以擴(kuò)大詞匯量，而且?guī)椭覀儾聹y(cè)詞義。第2小題的詞義猜測(cè)題就是利用第1種解題方法。（九）【2019?浙江省寧波市】Manypeoplemightthinkthatiftheyhadmoremoney,thentheywouldhehappierinlife.Forexample,peoplemightlookatwhatothershave,likeexpensiveclothesornicecars,andwishtheycouldhavethesame.Butthethingsthatmoneycanbuycannotbringhappinesstoapersonforlong.___①____Butisthatreallytrue?Studieshavefoundthatmoneycan,infact,makepeoplehappier.__②____Instead,it’sgivingmoneytoothers