考博英語模擬試卷235

考博英語模擬試卷235

一、詞匯（本題共30題，每題7.0分，共30分。）

1、Thosewholetuncertaintyrarelyachievemuch.

A^turnthemdown

B、sendthemdown

C、weighthemdown

D^takethemdown

標準答案：C

知識點解析：（weighdown重壓，把……壓倒）。句意為:被疑難問題壓倒的人很少

取得巨大成就。A.lumdown拒絕；B.senddown開除；D.huddledown亂擠，

亂堆。

2、Asthesocietyhasrigidsocial,everyoneknowshisroleinthesociety.

A^hemisphere

B、contempt

C^controversy

D^hierarchy

標準答案：D

知識點解析：hemisphere半球；coniempl輕視；comroversy爭論；hierarchy層次，

層級。

3、Monkeysareexcellentclimbers,andmostaretreedwellers.

A、often

B、primarily

C、rarely

D、savagely.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：often常常；primarily起初；rarely很少地；savagely野蠻地。

4、Theteam'seffortstoscorewerebytheopposinggoalkeeper.

A、frustrated

B、prevented

C、discouraged

D、accomplished

標準答案：A

知識點解析：frustrate"挫敗，破壞”，常與表示“計劃、努力、企圖”等的名詞搭

配。如：Theweatherfrustratedourplans.天氣破壞了我們的計劃。

5、Thenewcolleaguetohaveworkedinseveralbigcorporationsbeforehejoined

ourcompany.

A、confesses

B、declares

C、claims

D、confirms

標準答案：C

知識點解析：因為“工作”是在“聲稱”之前發(fā)生的事實，所以不定式用完成時。claim

可用于此結(jié)構(gòu)，如：Fishermenandsailorssometimesclaimtohaveseenmonstersin

thesea.漁夫和水手有時聲稱看到過海里的妖怪。

6、Notuntilthe1980'sinBeijingstarttofindwaystopreservehistoric

buildingsfromdestruction.

A、someconcernedcitizens

B、someconcerningcitizens

C^didsomeconcerningcitizens

D^didsomeconcernedcitizens

標準答案：D

知識點解析：這是一個典型的倒裝句型，且表示“關(guān)心的”應(yīng)該用concerned,

concerning的意思是“有關(guān)的"，所以選D。

7、Theyarcbothverydeterminedpeople,sothere'sratherbypersonalities.

A、debate

B、disagreement

C>contest

D、clash

標準答案：B

知識點解析：暫無解析

8、Everyoneisrequiredtohisfeetonthecarpettoshakeoffthesnowfromhis

hootsbeforeenteringtheshoppingmall.

A、stamp

B>stretch

C、sway

D、kick

標準答案：A

知識點解析：暫無解析

9、Suchanactofhostilitycanonlyleadtowar.

A、overt

B>episodic

C^ample

D^ultimate

標準答案：A

知識點解析：句子意思為“這種的敵意行為只能導(dǎo)致戰(zhàn)爭"。overt意為“公

然的,明顯的”;ample意為“充足的,豐富的"；episodic意為“插話式的，短暫

的“；ultimate意為“最終的,主要的”。相比之下,只有oven最合題意。

10>Bigbusinessesenjoycertainthatsmalleronesdonothave.

A、transactions

privileges

C^subsidies

D、substitutes

標準答案：B

知識點解析?：這位科學(xué)家決定不介入這個項1=1,起身走開了。associate使發(fā)生聯(lián)

系；reconcile使和解，使和好；negotiate議定，談判；accommodale容納，接納。

11>Inthecountryweareexcludedfromtheworriesoflifeinabigtown.

A、enveloped

B、protected

C、insulated

D、subtracted

標準答案：C

知識點解析：本題中，excluded的意思是“拒絕接納，把……排除在外”。四個選項

中>insulated的意思是“隔絕,絕緣“，如：Theroyalfamilyisinsulatedfrommanyof

thedifficultiesfacedbyordinarypeople.（王室人員都無須應(yīng)付平民所面臨的許多困

難。）enveloped的意思是“封住，包住”;protected的意思是"保護"；subtracted的意

思是“減去”.只有C項符合題意C

12、Sheisveryaboutherappearance.Halfofhersalarygoestoclothes.

A、particular

peculiar

C、special

D、unusual

標準答案：A

知識點解析：A.particular挑剔；B.peculiar特殊的；C.special專門的;

D.unusual不平常的。

13、Wehaveatpresentnotanyofthefurnitureasyourequired.

A、mark

B、inventory

C^stock

D、account

標準答案：C

知識點解析：A.商標；B.存貨清單；C.現(xiàn)貨；D.賬目。

14、Thiscomputerisup-to-dateafewshortcomingshereandthere.

A、except

B、exceptfor

C、exceptthat

D、but

標準答案：B

知識點解析：本題需要區(qū)分四個選項的含義及用法。四個選項都有“除……之外’'的

意思，但是C項的exceptthat后需跟從句，因此可以將其排除。A項的except和D

項的but通常指所排除的人或事物是整體的一部分，或者與整體屬于一類；B項的

exceplfor可以用來指所排除的人或事物不是整體的一部分或者不與整體屬于一

類，而是整體的一個例外。因此B為正確答案。

15、Thebrightflowersandwarmwindsthatspringhadcome.

A、threatened

B、announced

C、stated

D、pronounced

標準答案：B

知識點解析：本題是說，明艷的花朵和和煦的風(fēng)預(yù)示著春天已經(jīng)來了。B項

“announcevt.（本義或比喻）宣告，宣布；預(yù)示''符合題意。其他三項中，threaten

vt."預(yù)示,是……的征兆"（一般指環(huán)的情況即將到來）；statevt.”陳述，說明”：

pronouncevt."發(fā)音；宣布，宣判”都與題意不符。

16、Theapartmentwasat$20,000anditsownerwashappyaboutthat.

A、assaulted

B、assessed

C、asserted

D、avenged

標準答案：B

知識點解析：（assess對……進行估價）。句意為：該公寓的估價是兩萬美元，也主

因此感到非常高興。A.assault襲擊；C.assert宣稱；D.avenge替...報仇。

17、Butmanyinthecommissionarewellawareofsuchneeds,andareto

address【hem.

A^thriving

BNstriking

C、wrestling

D^striving

標準答案：D

知識點解析：全句的意思中有“努力”的思路。

18、Theworseningfinancialsituationmadeitobviousthataneconomicdepressionwas

A、attainable

B、remote

C、imminent

D、eminent

標準答案：C

知識點解析：imminent即將來臨的,逼近的；attainable可到達的；remote遙遠

的：eminent優(yōu)質(zhì)的。

19、Theyhadplannedtogooutingthisweekend,buttheyfinallyhadtoit

becauseoftherainyweather.

A、cancel

B、eliminate

C^delay

D、prolong

標準答案：A

知識點解析：本題空格處是說他們最后不得不取消計劃。A項cancel”取消，刪去”

符合題意，如：Icancelledmanyunnecessarywordsinmymanuscript.我把我原稿許

多不需要的字刪去了。其他三項eliminate”排除，消除"：delay”耽擱，延遲”：

prolong"延長，拖延”都不正確。

20、Oneofthemostinterestinginhabitantsofourworldisthebee,aninsectwhichis

indigenoustoallpartsoftheglobeexceptthepolarregions.

A、residents

B、pets

C、intimates

D、creatures

標準答案：A

知識點解析：空格處意志是：我們這個世界上最有趣的居民之一就是蜜蜂，是除兩

極地區(qū)以外全球所有地區(qū)的土著居民。劃線單詞inhabitant的意思是“居民”。各項

的意思是：residents“居民”；pets“動物照片"；intimates“親密伙伴"；creatures"人，

動物，傀儡

21、Trivialbreachesofregulationswecanpassover,butmoreseriousoneswillhaveto

beinvestigated.

A、exceed

wither

C>overpass

D、neglect

標準答案：D

知識點解析：本題空格處意為“我們對微不足道的違規(guī)可以忽略不計“。neglect的意

思是“忽略，忽視“，$0：Ifyouneglectthisproperty,itwilldepreciate.（如果你忽

視這份資產(chǎn)，它無形中就貶值了。）exceed的意思是“超出，超過wilher的意思是

“枯萎，衰退，使枯萎，使衰退“；overpass的意思是“勝過，通過，忽視只有D

項符合題意。

22、ThousandsofpeoplefromGreeceeveryyeartoworkinWestGermany.

A^emigrate

B>leave

C^abandon

D^immigrate

標準答案：A

知識點解析：本題空格處是說從希臘遷居。A項“emigrate遷居（外國廣符合題意。

其他三項“l(fā)eave離開；abandon放棄；immigrate移入”都不正確。

23、Theworseningfinancialsituationmadeitobviousthataneconomicdepressionwas

Axattainable

B、remote

C、imminent

D、eminent

標準答案：C

知識點解析：本題空格處是說經(jīng)濟衰退即將來臨。四個選項中，imminem的意思

是“即將來臨的，逼近的“，如：Thefamouspopularstager'sarrivalisimminent.（那

位著名流行歌手即將到來。Attainable的意思是“可到達的"；remote的意思是“遙遠

的eminent的意思是“優(yōu)質(zhì)的”。只有C項符合題意。

24Thestudentsareattractedbytheofthesnow-coveredmountainswhenthey

lookoutofthetrain.

A、notability

B、nobility

C^majesty

D、visibility

標準答案：D

知識點解析：本題中，D項“visibility可見度，引人注目，易被觀察至『符合題意。

如:anexecutivewithhighvisibility（有很大吸引力的總經(jīng)理）。其他三項“A項

noiabilily著名，值得注意或顯赫的狀態(tài)或性質(zhì)，顯要人物；B項nobilily高貴，崇

高；C項majesty最高權(quán)威，王權(quán)，雄偉”都不正確。因此D項為正確答案。

25、Specialmaybetooimpoverishedawordtodescribethistriumphforamanwho

climbedtothepinnacleofsportfrombeginningsasthesponsorofaroller-

hockeyteam.

A、providential

B、illicit

C>obscure

D、urbane

標準答案：c

知識點解析：obscure的意思是“模糊的，晦澀的“，這里含有不出名的，名不見經(jīng)

傳的意思，因此C項符合題意。其他三項“A項providential幸運的；B項iHicil違

法的：D項urbane文雅的”都不正確。本題是說對于一個從一名毫不起眼的曲棍球

隊發(fā)起者起家逐漸達到運動領(lǐng)域最高點的人來說，?'特殊”這個詞是不足以描述他

的。因此C項為正確答案。

26>Thepossibilitiesofanautumnelectioncannotbe.

A、struckout

B、leftout

C、ruledout

D、countedout

標準答案：C

知識點解析：考動賓搭配。所選動詞詞組應(yīng)該能和possibilities搭配。strikeoul是

“精力充沛地開始leaveout是“忽略，遺漏,不考慮“；ruleom是“不考慮；排除

出去“，如：Theoptionofstartingoverhasbeenruledout.重新開始這種選擇已被排

除考慮。countout是“不包括"，如：Ifit'sgoingtobeacrowdyparty,countme

out.（如果那是一個吵鬧的聚會，別把我算在內(nèi)。）一般用ruleout來搭配

possibilitieso句子大意為：秋季選舉的可能性不會被排除在外。

27、Ithebottletopiecesagainsttherock.

A、splashed

B、smashed

C、fractured

D、cracked

標準答案：B

知識點解析：B.smashsth.against使撞上某物。A.splash濺起，濺落。

C.fraclure使折斷，破碎。D.cracksthon/againsl猛擊某物。

28、Inprevioustime,whenfreshmeatwasinshort,pigeonswerekeptbymany

householdsasasourceoffood.

A、storage

B>reserve

C>supply

D^provision

標準答案：C

知識點解析：四個選項的意思分別是storage“貯藏庫，存儲"：reserve“儲備物，儲

量”;supply“供應(yīng)，供應(yīng)量”（短語inshortsupply是“供應(yīng)短缺”的意思）；

provision”提供，供應(yīng)”（常與of搭配，但沒有inshortprovision這樣的搭配）。句子

的意思是“在過去，當(dāng)鮮肉短缺時，許多家庭飼養(yǎng)鴿子，將其作為食物的來源”。所

以正確答案是C選項。

29、Englishinidioms,andsodoesChinese.

A、caters

B>exists

C、remains

D^abounds

標準答案：D

知識點解析：cater意為'投合,迎合“，exist意為“存在”,remain意為“保持，留

下”，abound意為“富于,充滿”,可與in”搭配，表示“富于”。故正確答案為D。

30、Womenwhoenteredvoluntaryworkduringtheinter-waryearsdidsolargely

becauseitprovidedthemwithfromhouseholdroutine.

A、distortion

B、diversion

C、dissipate

D、discount

標準答案：B

知識點解析：各項的意思是:distortion扭曲,變形，曲解,失真;diversion轉(zhuǎn)移，

轉(zhuǎn)換，牽制，解悶；dissipate驅(qū)散，（使）（云、霧、疑慮等）消散；discount折扣。

二、閱讀理解（本題共"6題，每題7.0分，共“6

分。）

Eachyear,millionsofpeopleinBangladeshdrinkgroundwaterthathasbeenpollutedby

naturallyhighlevelsofarsenicpoison.Findingsafedrinkingwaterinthatcountrycanbe

aproblem.However,InternationalDevelopmentEnterpriseshasalow-costanswer.This

non-governmentalorganizationhasdevelopedtechnologytoharvestrainwater.People

aroundtheworldhavebeenharvestingrainwaterforcenturies.Itisasafe,dependable

sourceofdrinkingwater.Unlikegroundwater,rainwatercontainsnomineralsorsalts

andisfreeofchemicaltreatments.Bestofall,itisfree.Therainwaterharvestingsystem

createdbyInternationalDevelopmentEnterprisesusespipestocollectwaterfromths

topsofbuildings.Thepipesstretchfromthetopsofbuildingstoatwo-metertallstorage

tankmadeofmetal.Atthetopofthetankisaso-called"lust-Hush"devicemadeofwire

screen.Thisbarrierpreventsdirtandleavesinthewaterfromfallinginsidethetank.A

finedcoversitsoverthe"first-flush"device.Itprotectsthewaterinsidethetankfrom

evaporating.Thecoveralsopreventsmosquitoinsectsfromlayingeggsinthewater.

Insidethetankisalowcoatplasticbagthatcollectsthewater.Thebagsitsinsideanother

plasticbagsimilartothoseusedtoholdgrains.Thetwobagsaresupportedinsidethe

metaltank.Alltotal,thewaterstoragesystemcanholduptothree-lhousand-five-hundred

litersofwater.InternationalDevelopmentEnterprisessaystheinnerbagsmayneed（obe

replacedeverytwotothreeyears.However,ifthebagsarenotdamagedbysunlight,they

couldlastevenlonger.In:ernationalDevelopmentEnterprisessaysthewaterharvesting

systemshouldbebuiltonaraisedstructuretopreventinsectsfromeatingintoitatthe

bottom.Thetotalcosttobuildthisrainwaterharvestingsystemisaboutfortydollars.

However,InternationalDevelopmentEnterprisesexpectsthepricetodropovertime.The

groupsaysonetankcanprovideafamilyoffivewithenoughrainwatertosurviveafive-

monthdryseason.

31、PeopleinBangladeshcanuseasasafesourceofdrinkingwater.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：文章第二段第二句It(rainwater)isasafe,dependablesourceofdrinking

watero雨水是飲用水一個安全可靠的來源，應(yīng)選B。

32、Whichofthefollowingcontributestothelow-costofusingrainwater?

標準答案：A

知識點解析：第二段第三句Unlikegroundwater,rainwatercontainsnomineralsor

saltsandisfreeofchemicaltreatmentso和地下水不同，雨水不含礦物質(zhì)或鹽類，因

此無需化學(xué)處理。據(jù)此布理，使用雨水可省去化學(xué)處理費用，成本自然較低。

33、Whichofthefollowingactuallypreventsdirtandleavesfromfallinginsidethe

tank?

標準答案：B

知識點解析：第三段最后兩句Atthetopofthetankisaso-called“first-flush”device

madeofwirescreen.Thisbarrierpreventsdirtandleavesinthewaterfromfalling

insidethetanko水箱上面有一個正謂的first-flush的裝置，是用鐵絲網(wǎng)做的。這一

屏障能防止雨水中灰塵和樹葉掉落到水箱中。題干中actually“到底”一詞很關(guān)鍵，

據(jù)此可排除C選項，而選出B。

34、Thebagsusedtoholdwaterarelikelytobedamagedby.

標準答案：D

知識點解析：第五段最后一句However,ifthebagsarenotdamagedbysunlight,

theycouldlastevenlonger.,然而，如果袋子沒有受到陽光破壞的話，使用壽命可以

更長。據(jù)此可知，袋子有可能被太陽光破壞，所以選D。

35Whatshouldbedonetopreventinsectsfromeatingintothewalerharvestingsystem

atthebottom?

標準答案：C

知識點解析：最后一段第一句InternationalDevelopmentEnterprisessaysthewater

harvestingsystemshouldbebuiltonaraisedstructuretopreventinsectsfromeatinginto

itatthebottomo國際開發(fā)企業(yè)稱雨水貯存系統(tǒng)應(yīng)該建在一個高起的平臺上以防止

昆蟲咬穿底部進入系統(tǒng)，選C。

Montaigne'sholdonhisreadersarisesfrommanycauses.Thereishisfrankandcurious

self-delineation.Thatinterests,becauseitistherevelationofaverypeculiarnature.Then

thereisthepositivevalueofseparatethoughtsimbeddedinhisstrangewhimsicalityand

humor.Lastly,thereistheperennialcharmofstyle,whichisneveraseparatequality,but

rathertheamalgamandissueofallthementalandmoralqualitiesinaman'spossession,

andwhichbearsthesamerelationtothesethatlightbearstothemingledelementsthat

makeuptheorbofthesun.Andstyle,afterall,ratherthanthought,istheimmortalthing

inliterature.Inliterature,thecharmofstyleisindefinable,yetall-subduing,justasfine

mannersareinsociallife.Inreality,itisnotofsomuchconsequencewhatyousay,as

howyousayit.Memorablesentencesarememorableonaccountofsomeirradiating

word."ButShadwellneverdeviatesintosense,forinstance."YoungRoscius,inhis

provincialbarn,willrepeatyouthegreatsoliloquyofHamlet,andalthougheveryword

maybegivenwithtolerablecorrectness,youfinditjustascommonplaceashimself.The

greatactorspeaksit,andyou"readShakespeareasbyaflashoflightning".Anditisin

Montaigne'sstyle,inthestrangefreaksandturningsofhisthought,hisconstantsurprises,

hiscuriousalternationsofhumorandmelancholy,hiscareless,familiarformofaddress,

andthegracewithwhicheverythingisdone,thathischarmlies,andwhichmakesthe

hundredthperusalofhimaspleasantas[hefirst.

36、Literaturelivesbecauseoftheauthor's.

標準答案：D

知識點解析：由于作者的風(fēng)格，文學(xué)得以存在。作者在文中說，文學(xué)中不朽的東西

是風(fēng)格，而非思想。所以答案是D。

37、Montaignerevealed.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：文章的開頭說，Momaigne能夠吸引讀者，原因是多方面的，他坦率

而乂奇特地進行自我描述：這給人以興趣，因為他的自我描述揭示了一個非常特殊

的本質(zhì)。

38、Shadwellisdescribedas.

標準答案：B

知識點解析:答案的依據(jù)是：ButShadwellneverdeviatesintosenseo

39、Roscius'readingofHamletispoorbecausehehimselfis.

標準答案：D

知識點解析：文中說，年輕的Roscius在狹窄的畜舍中老是向你重復(fù)哈姆雷特著名

的獨白，盡管吐詞清楚，但是你會發(fā)現(xiàn)他的朗讀像他本人一樣普通。

40、Accordingtotheauthor,styleincludesalloftheitemsbelowEXCEPT.

標準答案：C

知識點解析:作者在3、4、5句中將thoughts（思想）和style（風(fēng)格）區(qū)分開來，所以

答案應(yīng)選C。

MargheritaisaLondongirlandarrivingatCapitalwaslikecominghome."Igrewup

listeningtoCapitalRadio,"shesays."Peoplesay,'Wasn'titfrighteningjoiningsuch

well-knownpresenters?'Buteveryonehereissodowntoearth.Itwouldbeoff-puttingif

theothershadpeopledoingtheirmake-up,orstarsignsontheirofficedoors.Butthere's

noneofthat-MickBrown,forinstance,finisheshisshowandwandersofftogetthebus

homewitheveryoneelse."Margheritasaysthatherownmusicaltastesvaried.Butshe

doesn'tpickherownmusicforhershows.TheCapitalcomputerselectstherecordsin

advancefromalistapprovedbythestationmanagers."Thestationhasacertain

sound,andifweallpickedourownmusic,itwouldn'tsoundlikeCapital,"shesays.

"Butforsomeonewholikesmusic,thisisadreamjob.Igettogotoconcertsandmeetthe

bandsyoucanhearonmyshow.It'sgreattohearthe'behindthescenes*gossip."Most

peoplewouldexpectthatapresenter'smostimportantqualitiesareanicevoiceandhuge

amountsofconfidence,butMarghcrtitasaythatbasicmathsishandyaswell."Youhave

tomakesurethatyou'vegotaneyeoneverythingthat'sgoingoninthestudio,bulyou've

gottobeabletoaddandsubtractandthinkinminutesandseconds,"shesays."You're

dealingwithtimedrecords,andwithannouncementsandcommercialsthatarealsotimed

precisely,andyouhavetobereadytoswitchtothenewsatexactlytherightsecond.If

you'regoingovertoaliveevent,youneedtobeready,forthatontime,notasecondearlier

orlater."Thisisn'tthesortofgirltolettherock"n"rolllifestylegotoherhead.Evenif

shedidherfamilywouldbringherdowntoearth."WhenIstartedatCapitaltheonly

thingmybrothersaskedwaswhetherthey'dgetfreerecords,"sheremembers."Andmy

mumcouldn'tevenfindthestationonherradio."MargheritaTaylorisveryniceandvery

easy-going,butverymuchincontrol.Sheissomucha"CapitalRadiogirl"thatyou

mightthinksheisjustdoingagoodjobforthestation^publicity,depart-ment,although

youknowwhatshe'ssayingreallycomesfrumtheheart.Shesmilesalol,laughsaloland

isgenerallyagreatadvertforCapital.

41、Whatdoes"that"（Para.1.sentence6）referto?

標準答案：C

知識點解析：本題四個選項中只有C項正確。因從第一段的內(nèi)容可以推出，這里

的“that”指的是其他節(jié)目主持人的妄自尊大的行為。

42、OnepointMargheritamakesaboutherjobisthat.

標準答案：D

知識點解析：本題四個選項中只有D項正確。這可以從文中第二段的“Butfor

someonewholikesmusic,thisisadreamjob.Igettogotoconcertsandmeetthe

bandsyoucanhearonmyshow.It'sgreattohcarthc'behindthesccncs'gossip.“推

出。

43、WhatdoesMargheritasayaboutpresentingashow?

標準答案：B

知識點解析：本題四個選項中只有B項正確。這從第三段的內(nèi)容可以看出，主持

一次節(jié)目比Margherita原來所想的要復(fù)雜。

44、HowhaveMargherita^familyreactedtohersuccess?

標準答案：D

知識點解析：本題四個選項中只有D項正確。這從第四段內(nèi)容可以看出，

Margherita的家人對她的成功并不興奮。

45、Inthefinalparagraph,whatdoestheauthorsayaboutMargherita?

標準答案：A

知識點解析：本題四個選項中只有A項正確。這從最后一段內(nèi)容可以看出，作者

認為Margherita和她所想的不同。

Weallknowthatthenormalhumandailycycleofactivityisofsome748hours'sleep

alternatingwithsome16,417hours'wakefulnessandthat,broadlyspeaking,thesleep

normallycoincideswiththehoursofdarkness.Ourpresentconcerniswithhoweasi'y

andtowhatextentthiscyclecanbemodified.Thequestionisnomereacademicone.The

ease,forexample,withwhichpeoplecanchangefromworkinginthedaytoworkingat

nightisaquestionofgrowingimportanceinindustrywhereautomationcallsforround

the-clockworkingofmachines.Itnormallytakesfromfivedaystooneweekforaperson

toadapttoareversedroudneofsleepandwakeful-ness,sleepingduringthedayand

workingatnight.Unfortunately,itisoftenthecaseinindustrythatshiftsarechanged

everyweek:apersonmayworkfrom12midnightto8a.m.oneweek,8a.m.to4p.m.

thenext,and4p.m.to12midnightthethirdandsoon.Thismeansthatnosoonerhashe

gotusedtooneroutinethanhehastochangetoan-other,sothatmuchofhistimeis

spentneitherworkingnorsleepingveryefficiently.Theonlyrealsolutionappearstobe

tohandoverthenightshifttoanumberofpermanentnightworkers.Aninterestingstudy

ofthedomesticlifeandhealthofnightshiftworkerswascarriedoutbyBrownin1957.

Shefoundahighincidenceofdisturbedsleepandotherdisordersamongthoseon

alternatingdayandnightshifts,butnoabnormaloccurrenceofthesephenomenaamong

thoseonpermanentnightwork.Thislattersystemthenappearstobethebestlong-term

policy,butmeanwhilesome-thingmaybedonetorelievethestrainsofalternatedayand

nightworkbyselectingthosepeoplewhocanadaptmostquicklytothechangesof

routine.Onewayofknowingwhenapersonhasadaptedisbymeasuringhisbody

temperature.Peopleengagedinnormalday-timeworkwillhaveahightemperature

duringthehoursofwakefulnessandalowoneatnight;whentheychangetonightwork

thepatternwillonlyadjustgraduallybacktomatchthenewroutineandthespeedwith

whichitdoessoparallels,broadlyspeaking,theadaptationofthebodyasawhole,

particularlyintermsofperformance.Therefore,bytakingbodytemperatureatintervals

oftwohoursthroughouttheperiodofwakefulnessitcanbeseenhowquicklyaperson

canadapttoareversedroutine,andthiscouldbeusedasabasisforSelection.Sofar,

however,suchaformofselectiondocsnotseemtohavebeenappliedinpractice.

46、Whyisthequestionof"howeasilypeoplecangetusedtoworkingatnight"nomere

academicone?

標準答案：C

知識點角》析：根據(jù)第二段，在某些自動化要求機器全天候運轉(zhuǎn)的企業(yè)中，人們要實

行輪班，人們從白天工作轉(zhuǎn)入夜晚工作的難易程度越來越成為人們關(guān)注的問題。換

言之，如何安排好輪班、使工人適應(yīng)新班——尤其是上夜班來提高工作效率，對這

些企業(yè)來說不只是一個學(xué)術(shù)(academic)問題，而是一個很實際的問題，直接影響到

工作和生活。B表達的內(nèi)容雖然在第一段中提到了，但并不是用來說明處理好上夜

班的問題為什么是個很實際的問題。

47、Themainproblemoftheround-the*clockworkingsystemliesin.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：第二段最后一句提到，經(jīng)常調(diào)整輪班方式意味著，那個人剛剛適應(yīng)一

種上班時間，他就不得不改換為另一種，結(jié)果，他既無法有效地睡眠，也無法有效

地工作。

48、Itispossibletofindoutifapersonhasadaptedtothechangesofroutineby

measuringhisbodytemperaturebecause.

標準答案：A

知識點解析：根據(jù)第四段第三句，在白天正常工作的人醒著時體溫高，夜間體溫

低。當(dāng)他們改成值夜班時，體溫模式只會逐漸調(diào)整以便適應(yīng)新的工作方式；一般來

講，調(diào)整的速度與整個身體——特別是就工作表現(xiàn)而言——的調(diào)整同步。本段倒數(shù)

第二句又提到，體溫調(diào)整的速度可以幫助我們確定工人適應(yīng)換班的快慢。B和C不

對。根據(jù)第四段第三句，當(dāng)工作時間改變時，體溫模式只會“逐漸”調(diào)整，以便適應(yīng)

新的工作方式，不會迅速地調(diào)來調(diào)去。D不對，主要錯在efficiently這個詞上。原

文只是說醒著的時候體溫會高。

49、WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

標準答案：B

知識點解析：第四段最后一句指出，迄今為止，這種選擇方式好像還未實施。

50、Itisimpliedinthelastparagraphthatalowbodytemperatureindicatesthataperson

標準答案：D

知識點解析：參閱第48題解析。

Therearetwobasicwaystoseegrowth:oneasaproduct,theotherasaprocess.People

havegenerallyviewedpersonalgrowthasanexternalresultorproductthatcaneasilybe

identifiedandmeasured.Theworkerwhogetsapromotion,thestudentwhosegrades

improve,theforeignerwholearnsanewlanguage-alltheseareexamplesofpeoplewho

havemeasurableresultstoshowfortheirefforts.Bycontrast,(heprocessofpersonal

growthismuchmoredifficulttodetermine,sincebydefinitionitisajourneyandnotthe

specificsignpostsorlandmarksalongtheway.Theprocessisnottheroaditself,but

rathertheattitudesandfeelingspeoplehave,theircautionorcourage,astheyencounter

newexperiencesandunexpectedobstacles.Inthisprocess,thejourneyneverreallyends.

Therearcalwaysnewwaystoexperiencetheworld,newideastotry,newchallengesto

accept.Inordertogrow,totravelnewroads,peopleneedtohaveawillingnesstotake

risks,toconfronttheunknown,andtoacceptthepossibilitythattheymay"fail"atfirst.

Howweseeourselvesaswetryanewwayofbeingisessentialtoourabilitytogrow.Do

weperceiveourselvesasquickandcurious?Ifso,thenwetendtotakemorechancesand

tobemoreopentounfamiliarexperiences.Dowethinkwe*reshyandindecisive?Then

oursenseoftimiditycancauseustohesitate,tomoveslowly,andnottotakeastepuntil

wcknowthegroundissafe.Dowcthinkwe'reslowtoadapttochangeorthatwe'renot

smartenoughtocopewithanewchallenge?Thenwearelikelytotakeamorepassive

roleornottryatall.Thesefeelingsofinsecurityandself-doubtarebothunavoidableand

necessaryifwearetochangeandgrow.Ifwedonotconfrontandovercomethese

internalfearsanddoubts,ifweprotectourselvestoomuch,thenweceasetogrow.We

becometrappedinsideashellofourownmaking.

51、Apersonisgenerallybelievedtohaveachievedpersonalgrowthwhen.

標準答案:A

知識點解析：如果一個人戒了煙，那么人們一般會認為他有所長進。作者在第一段

開頭說，看長進的方法有二，一是看成果，二是看過程。人們一般把個人的長進看

作是一種能夠輕易地識別或衡量的外在結(jié)果或成果。

52、Intheauthor'seyes,onewhoviewspersonalgrowthasaprocesswould.

標準答案：C

知識點.析：根據(jù)作者的觀點，把人的成長看作是一個過程的人會面對困難、接受

挑戰(zhàn)。答案的依據(jù)是整個第二段。

53、Whentheauthorsays"anewwayofbeing'1,heisreferringto.

標準答案：A

知識點解析：作者說“anewwayofbeing”，他是指體驗世界的一種新方法。根據(jù)a

newwayolbeing所在的句子，可以判斷出它是指體驗世界的新方法。

54、Forpersonalgrowth,theauthoradvocatesallofthefollowingEXCEPT.

標準答案：D

知識點解析：就個人成長而言，作者有以下主張，D除外。作者的主張A、B、C

在第三段可以找到。就個人成長而言，他不提倡D,因為他在最后一段說，如果我

們不面對并克服內(nèi)心的恐懼和疑慮，如果我們過分地保護自己，我們便停止成長。

作者要我們克服內(nèi)心的恐懼，他自然不會提倡內(nèi)心的恐懼和疑慮。

Mixingpopulismandcelebrity,Clintondancesintoofficewithaweek-longmultimillion-

dollarpartyfullofstars,saxophonemusicandpresidentialhugs.ThePartywasheldina

wayneverseensinceWorldWarII.Manymovieandmusicstarsshowedup,offering

theirwishestoanewadministration.Theysangsongslike"Youknow,Bill'sgonnaget

thisCountrystraight."n,93!Youandme!Uni-tee!/TimetoparteewithBigBilland

Hillaree."ThestarscameoutinconstellationbecausetheyrecognizedinClintononeof

theirown.Notjustthat,heplaysthesaxophone,alittle.OrthatHillaryisasmart,tough

lawyer,likemostHollywoodmoguls.WhatmattersisthatClintonisabeaconofmiddle-

classcharm,aloverofbeingloved,abelieverintheimportanceofimage,metaphor,

style.Andheisanacemanipulatorofmedia,sellinghissymbolsdirectlytothepeopleon

TV,withouttheinterferenceofnosyjournalists.Itallmakesforawondrous'90sblendof

showbizandpolitics:"Thisisourtime,"ClintonsaidinhisInauguralAddress."Letus

embraceit."Lastweekhehadanembraceforeveryone,andnotjustthestars.This

huggy-bcarPresidentneedstofeelthepublic'sapproval.Atoneoftheballsoftheweek,

Clintonwaslikethecollegestudentwhodropsinthenightbeforetheexamtoshowhe's

oneoftheguys,thensneaksbacktohisdormtocram.PerhapsthereisasmuchNixonin

him(theambition,theintellect)asKennedy(thecharm,therecklessness,hispositionas

centristcustodianofliberaldreams).Hewillneedtobethebestofbothmenifheisto

close,ashesaidlastweek,"thegapbetweenourwordsandourdeeds."Duringthegala,

actorEdwardJamesOhnosquotedLincoln:"Wemustdisenthrallourselves,andthenwe

shallsaveourcountry."Clinton,agoodstudentwithagoodmemory,mouthedthewords

asOlmosspokethem.Clintonmusthaverealizedthat,inadifferentsenseanddifferent

era,Americafacesthetaskofdisenthrallingitself,ofshakingofftheHollywoodStardust

andfacingfacts.In1992Clintonvendedoptimism;nowhemustbecarefulinsayingso.

Hesoldthenationamiracleproduct,ALL-NEWHOPE:itgivesyoucleaner,cheaper

goveninienlwithafreshininlyfiavor.Butifildoesn'tgelthestainsuul,llieeleuloraie's

highhopescouldsourintodespair.ThenthemancalledHopewillbecometheman

calledHype.Allthebigstarsandbetterangelswillleavehimoutinthespotlight,

stranded,unmasked.

55、Themeaningof"Clintondancesintohisofficewithaweek-longmultimillion-dollar

partyfullofstars,saxophonemusicandpresidentialhugs"inthefirstparagraphis

標準答案：C

知識點解析：暫無解析

56>Bysaying"BilTsgonnagetthisCountrystraight",thepartyattendantsbelievethat

標準答案：D

知識點解析：暫無解析

57、Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

標準答案：A

知識點解析：暫無解析

Themostnoticeabletrendamongtoday'smediacompaniesisverticalintegration-an

attempttocontrolseveralrelatedaspectsofthemediabusinessatonce,eachparthelping

theother.Besidespublishingmagazinesandbooks,TimeWarner,forexample,owns

HomeBoxoffice(HBO),Warnermoviestudios,variouscableTVsystems