英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)-語(yǔ)法大全

冠詞

1.抽象名詞(看不見(jiàn)，摸不著的東西)前冠詞的用法：

(I)表示泛指時(shí)不加任何的冠詞Timeisveryvaluable.

(2)有限制性定語(yǔ)時(shí)經(jīng)常加the(適合所有的名詞)ihescienceofsound

(3)從漢語(yǔ)意思上來(lái)說(shuō)，表示“一"時(shí)前應(yīng)加不定冠詞?Transkueisanart.

(4)抽象名詞具體化，加不定冠詞Themeetingisasuccess.

ATheyoungs(uden(isasawriier.ilis_toallhisteachers.

Asuccess,surpriseBasuccess,surpriseCsuccess,asurpriseDasuccess,asurprise

2.part和三餐前冠詞的用法：沒(méi)有形容詞修飾時(shí)不能加冠詞

HereispartofXiaoJun'sletter.Heplaysanimportantpart.

Hehadlunch.Hehadawonderfullunch.

3.space和societyHJ一般不加冠詞如：walkinspace

4.可數(shù)名詞表示泛指的方法

(I)名詞復(fù)數(shù)Horsesareusefulanimals.

(2)名詞前加不定冠詞Ahorseisausefulanimal.

⑶單數(shù)名詞前加theThehorseisausefulanimal.

5.名詞前加冠詞的注意事項(xiàng)：首先考慮漢語(yǔ)意思，除絕對(duì)不可數(shù)名詞外，若表示“一”意思講時(shí)，即使后面

有定謂修飾，名詞前就應(yīng)用不定冠詞。其次考慮其他語(yǔ)法規(guī)則.

▲…Haveyouseenpen?Ileftitherthismoming.

-Isit_blackone?IthinkIsawitsomewhere.

Aa.theBthe.theCa.aDthe.a

▲Forhimthestageisjustmeansofmakingaliving.AtheBaC.f

▲__personlikehimwon'tbesatisfiedwithlittleprogressthathasbeenmade.Athe.aBthe./C.a,/D

a.(he

▲ThereisMissDoolittlewaitingfuryouattheschoolgale.

▲Hightemperatureturningthelargeicesheettowaterwouldcauseriseinsealevelsworldwideandchange

weatheronearth.Aa,theBthe,/Ca,/Da,a

▲Peopleregardthewheelas___invenlionof(hefirstimportanceinhumanhistory.Aan,theBan./C

the,theDthe,/

6.雙方都知道的人和物前加the

▲Iknockedovermyofficecup.1(wentrightoverthekeyboard.

Nowthemachinerunutdouble.AaspeedBspeedCthespeedDforspeed.

▲Ifyoubuymorethantea.theyknock20penceoff.

AapriceBpriceCthepriceDprices

▲Foralongtime,teywalkedwithoutsayingaword.Jimwasthefirsttobreaksilence.AtheB/

8.地名和人名前一般不加冠詞，但若表示“一”意思講時(shí)應(yīng)該加不定冠詞，若有定語(yǔ)則經(jīng)常加定冠詞e

A—Could1speakLoMrSmith?

--Thereisn'tMrSmithhere.

AWebelieve___Beijingwe’llseein(heyear200gwillbeaquitedifferentcityfromwhati(isnow.AaBan

CiheD/

9.專有名詞前冠詞的用法：

大部分情況下應(yīng)加定冠詞，但下列情況下不加冠詞。

①海島，山峰，湖泊

②颶風(fēng)

③節(jié)假日及其前夕Christinasevespringfestival

④國(guó)名，洲名

⑤星期，月份，季節(jié)

⑥華北華中華南等EastChina

10.跟國(guó)家Tf關(guān)的問(wèn)題

①Eiig】i$h=theEnglishlanguageFrench=theFrenchlanguage

②單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同的theChinese=Chinese中國(guó)人（總稱）aChinese—中國(guó)人

單復(fù)數(shù)形式不同的Americans美國(guó)人（總稱）anAmerican一個(gè)美國(guó)人

③縮寫(xiě)和全稱形式前一般加the如：theUKtheUSA

America=theUnitedStatesofAmerica

④表示國(guó)家名稱的詞只有一個(gè)意思，如：China只有“中國(guó)”一個(gè)意思，其他意思都用Chines。來(lái)表示?！爸?/p>

國(guó)的，中國(guó)人的，中國(guó)人，漢語(yǔ)，漢語(yǔ)的“

11.鋼琴等樂(lè)器前加the,球類前不加冠詞

12.某些泛指含義的名詞前不加冠詞

gotoschool/college上大學(xué)

gotochurchinchurch做禮拜

gotohospital=inhospital住院

gotobed=inbed睡覺(jué)

throwsbintoprison=inprison監(jiān)禁

13.▲Zhanghuaisastudentat.

AiheUniversityofBeijingBBeijingUniversity

theUniversityofBeijing=BeijingUniversity及諸如此類的用法

14.▲…Doyoulikenovels?

--1don,tlikeeitherofthem.Pleaseshowmethirdone.AaBtheC/Dan

序數(shù)詞前加a表示“再”“又”

名詞

I.名詞做的成分:

(1)主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)Thetradeagreementhelpedtostrengthenthetwndsbetweenihctwocountries.

⑵表語(yǔ)Moneyisabottomlesssea.

(3)定語(yǔ)Thereasonofthetrafficaccidentisclear.

(4)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)TheymadeLondon(hebaseforrevolutionarywork.賓補(bǔ)

MrBrownisconsideredagoodteacher.主補(bǔ)

以下成分比較少見(jiàn)：

①狀語(yǔ)Heworksdayandnight.

②同位語(yǔ)Westudentsshouldstudyhard.

③呼語(yǔ)LadiesandGentlemen,pleasetakeyourseat.

2.AAchildgrowingupinthiswaylearnhisorherrolethroughjoininginthecommunity's.AactivityB

work

activity表示“活動(dòng)”時(shí)應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)activities

3.▲Shewenttothebookstoreandbought.

AdozenbooksBdozensbooksCdozenofbooksDdozensofbooks

dozen的用法：(hundredthousand.million,score的用法跟dozen相同)

(I)dozen前沒(méi)有基數(shù)詞時(shí)，應(yīng)為dozensof+名詞

(2)dozen前有基數(shù)詞時(shí)，應(yīng)為twodozen+名詞

注：iwohundredofthesebooks符合以上規(guī)律，是twohundredbook、ofthesebooks的省略形式

4.AAtthemeeting(heydiscussedthreedifferent(othestudyofmathemaiics.

AapproachesBmeansCmethodsDways.

AMyparentsalwaysletmehavemyownofliving.AwayBapproach

“……的方法”表示法

theapproachtosth,thewaytodosth或thewayofdoingsth(meansmethod的用法跟way的用法相同)

5.▲The__isjustaroundthecornerandyouwon'tmissit.

Abicycle'sshopBbicycleshopCbicyclesshop

名詞經(jīng)?？梢宰龆ㄕZ(yǔ)，或稱為現(xiàn)合名詞，其形式為nln2.nl做定語(yǔ)，n2為中心詞。

復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的特點(diǎn)：

(I)有中心詞的在中心詞上變復(fù)數(shù).Streetlight-*streetlights

⑵有man,woman的變menwomen同時(shí)中心詞變復(fù)數(shù)。Womandoctor-*womendoctors

(3)沒(méi)有中心詞的在最后一個(gè)詞上變復(fù)數(shù)。

6.▲Eachplayermustobey___,whoistheleaderof(hefootballteam.

AcaptainBacaptainCthecapitanDcaptains

▲I'mcaptainoftheclassteam.

官銜和職位在做同位語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)前面不加冠詞。

7.▲Shealwayswearsbeautiful.

AclothesBclothCdressDclothing

▲Labworkersmustwearprotective___.

AclothBdressCclothingDcostume

Clothes：總稱，任何情況都用復(fù)數(shù)Theseclolhesarenew.

Clothing：(1)泛指服裝acoalisanarticleofclothing.

(2)特指某類衣服Childrenclothing

Cloth：(1)布料，不可數(shù)

(2)特殊用途的布，可數(shù)atablecloth

Dress衣服，可數(shù)

costume特別指演出時(shí)穿的服裝

8.Word消息，相當(dāng)于news,information不可數(shù)名詞

▲Heleft_withmysecretarythathewouldcallagainintheafternoon.

AwordBwordsCawordDtheword

9.常見(jiàn)的絕對(duì)不可數(shù)名詞

⑴fun不可數(shù)，常做表語(yǔ).和funny的區(qū)別是fun：n.有趣funny：adj.滑稽的，可笑的

▲Whatfunitistoskateinwinter

▲1(is(ohaveawalkalongtheriveraftersupper

AafunBfunnyCgreatfunDveryfun

(2)weather不可數(shù)名詞

▲lembleweatherwe'vebeenhavingthesedays!

AHowaBwhutaChowDwhat

(3)advice不可數(shù)名詞

AFatherwenttohisdoctorforabouthisheart(rouble.

AadviceBadvicesCtheadvice

(4)progress不可數(shù)名詞

▲progresshehadmadewithhisworkafteryearsofstruggling!

AwhatrapidBhowrapidCwhatrapidDhowrapida

lO.fruit表示水果總稱時(shí)，為不可數(shù)名詞

表示水果種類時(shí)，為可數(shù)名詞

▲Motherboughtalotof__.AfruitBfruits

11.AThereisnotenoughfbryouboyshere.AroomBrooms

room表示空間時(shí)為不可數(shù)名詞

12.AOneoftheadvantagesoflivingonthetopfloorofahighriscisthatyoucangetagood___.AsightBsceneC

viewDlook

從某一角度看到的景色應(yīng)為view

13.A-wouldyoulike__,sir?

——no,(hanks,Ihavehadmuch

AsomemoreorangesBsonicmoreorangeCanyinorcorangeDanymoreoranges

OnmgMl）桔子，可數(shù)名詞（2）桔子汁，不可數(shù)名詞

14.power⑴能力⑵權(quán)利

force（l）武力（2）力量（特別指自然界的力量）

energy。）精力（2）能源

Nrtngm體力，力量（特別指人的力量）

15.Price不能用expensive或cheap修飾，只能用high或low修飾

16.time的用法：

泛指時(shí)間時(shí)是不可數(shù)，如：Timeisveryvaluable.

但在其他情況下是可數(shù)名詞，如：TherewasatimewhenIhaledtogotoschool.

17.job工作，可數(shù)名詞；work工作，不可數(shù)名詞

lX.instructionsdirtclions表示“說(shuō)明書(shū)"時(shí)必須用復(fù)數(shù)

19.animalsofadifferentkind=adifferentkindofanimals

animals的前面不加定冠詞

20.序號(hào)在名詞前用序數(shù)詞,序號(hào)在名詞后用基數(shù)詞

Gatetwo=thesecondgateLessonfive=thetilthlesson

Worldwartwo=thesecondworldwar

21.area一般是可數(shù)名詞

ADreamingoflivingingreenareaarcbecomingareality.

AtheBaC/Dan

22.experience⑴經(jīng)驗(yàn)，不可數(shù)⑵經(jīng)歷，可數(shù)

23.Rain（1）雨，南水，不可數(shù)（2）一陣雨，一場(chǎng)雨前面加不定冠詞

AThereisintheSaharadesertwhilethereiseverynowandtheninthetropicaljungle.Alittlerain,rainB

muchniinCmuchrain,arainDliiderain,arain

▲Therewereaheavyrainlastnight

24.thcwriterandsinger作家兼歌唱家

thewriterandthesinger作家和歌唱家

MaryandTom'smother瑪麗和湯姆的媽媽（他們一個(gè)媽媽b

Mary'sandToin'smother瑪麗的媽媽和湯姆的媽媽

25.「adi＜）表示泛指前面必須加the,但TV表泛指不能加任何冠詞

1oftenlistentotheradio.HelikestowatchTV.

26.majority的用法

themajority做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)都可。

amajorityof'做主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)根據(jù)of后面的名詞來(lái)確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

Themajorityare/isinfavoroftheproposaliniheelection.

Amajorilyofthemarefromthecountryside.

27.常見(jiàn)的集合名詞行：Cattle,people?thepolice,thepublic,clothes

集合名詞的特點(diǎn)是：①不能變復(fù)數(shù)②做主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)形式

28."…的原因"表示方法有兩種：thereiisonfoi?…thereasonwhy

如；他上學(xué)遲到的原因是因?yàn)樘煜掠辍?/p>

Thereasonforhewaslateforschoolisthatitrained.

Thereasonwhyhewaslateforschoolisthatitrained.

29.注意Offer充當(dāng)名詞時(shí)的用法。背誦以卜一句子

Thankyouforyourofferofhelp/tohelp.非常感謝你對(duì)我們提供的幫助。

I'vehadanofferof$900forthehouse.我出價(jià)90()美元來(lái)買(mǎi)這個(gè)房子。

30.VoyageTripTourJourneyTravel區(qū)另ij

31.AWithmanyforestsbeingdestroyed.hugequantitiesofgoodeartheachyear.AisbeingwashedawayB

arcbeingwashedaway

quantities。件名詞做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；aquantityof,名詞做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)

32.Condition40situation表示”情況,局勢(shì)”的區(qū)別

(IConditions必須是復(fù)數(shù)situation是可數(shù)名詞

(2)在這種情況下Undertheseconditionsinthissituation

3孑fare(車/船/飛機(jī)等交通工具的)費(fèi)用如taxifare出租車費(fèi)

I住&付給專業(yè)人員如醫(yī)生，律師等)的費(fèi)用

tuition學(xué)費(fèi)

AHaveyoureadthepapertoday?Trainaregoingupagainand(heyYesoexpensivealready.AfeesBfaresC

pricesDtickets

34.northoouth.cast.west.right,left的用法。前面若有the,必須加介詞，若沒(méi)有the,不能加介詞

turnleft=turntotheleft

Thesmallvillagelies(tothe)castofthemountain.

35.atnightintheeveninginthemorningintheafternoon但以下兩種情況應(yīng)用介詞on①前面有修飾

詞②具體的某一天的上午，下午或晚上

▲__adarkstormynight,asuddenearthquakedestroyedmostofthetown.

AwithBasCinDon

36.Population用法

(1)有兩個(gè)意思：

人口(all(hepeoplewholiveinaparticulararea,cilyorcoun【ry)做主語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù);

人口數(shù)量(thelotalofpeoplewholivehere)做主語(yǔ)用第三人稱單數(shù)

(2)提問(wèn)要用what

(3)其修飾詞為lurgc或smull

▲Morethan70percentofthepopulationofourcountrypeasants.

AhasBhaveCisDarc

37.分?jǐn)?shù)詞的主意事項(xiàng)；

(1)分子是基數(shù)詞，分母是序數(shù)詞，分子大于1時(shí)，分母變復(fù)數(shù)。如：Onethird三分之一Iwo[hirds三分

之二

(2)后面一般加Of，如：twothirdsofmyclassmates9但中間有連接號(hào)時(shí)則不加Of，如：two-thirdmy

classmates

38,百分?jǐn)?shù)的用法：

percent百分之幾，前面加基數(shù)詞20percentofthesludents

percentage百分率，前面不能加基數(shù)詞Alargepercentageof(hebookshavepictures.

39.需要注意的名詞后的介詞

(l)Dctcctivcnovelsholdaspecialattractionforme.對(duì)…有吸引力

(2)Thisisthekey/answertotheexercise的答案

(3)Thisistheentrancetothetheatre的入口

(4)Doyouhaveproblemwiththeplan?對(duì)…有問(wèn)題

(5)Thegovernmentisdoingaresearchintopeople'schangingsocialhabii、.對(duì)...進(jìn)行研究

(6)HcpaidavisittoAmericalastyear.對(duì)…進(jìn)行訪問(wèn)

(7)Shefeltanacheinherleg.在...地方很疼痛

4O.Cake(蛋糕)，一般為不可數(shù)名詞如：apieceofcake

41.CuSom(社會(huì))風(fēng)俗，習(xí)俗habit(個(gè)人)習(xí)慣

42.AOnNovember11.2004.YasserArafaldiedinParishospital.

AtheBaC/

InaParishospital在巴黎的一所醫(yī)院里intheParisHospilal在巴黎醫(yī)院里專有名詞一般大寫(xiě)

43.Pain的用法

(1)肉體疼痛,可數(shù)名詞Shehasapaininherleg.

⑵精神痛苦，不可數(shù)名詞Herson'sdeathbringhergreatpain.

(3)操勞，勞累，必須用復(fù)數(shù)N。pains.nogains.

44.Package大的包裹packet包裝物品的小袋，小盒pack背的包裹parcel郵寄的包裹

45.前面加the表示一類人；

Thepublic公眾thepolice瞽方，警署theworld世人thepeople人民theclass全班同學(xué)thecountry

全體國(guó)民Ihecrowd一群人(以上詞為具有夏數(shù)意義的詞)

ATheclassarebusypreparinglessonsforatest.AhisBherC(heirDits

46.表示“人類”的詞

(l)Mancanconquerthenature.

(2)Inthestoryhumanbeingswerereplacedbyrobots.

(3)Wcallbelonglothehumanrace.

47.很多抽象名詞泛指時(shí)不可數(shù)，表示種類時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞

Diseaseisusuallycausedbygerms.

Mostdiseasescouldhewipedout.

IhavenodifHcullyinsolvingtheproblem.

Therearelotsofdifficultiesthathavetobeovercome.

trouble(houghfeeling等的用法相同

48.hidr(l)頭發(fā)總稱，不可數(shù)(2)一根根的頭發(fā)，可數(shù)名詞

AMymother'sisgettinggrey,butmyfatherhasonlyafewgrey

Ahairs,hairBhair,hairChair,hairsDhair,hairs

49.Sport

⑴表水運(yùn)動(dòng)種類時(shí)，可數(shù)名詞Tennisisapopularsport.

(2)運(yùn)動(dòng)的總稱，不可數(shù)Helikestotakepartinsport.

(3)運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)，必須用Sports

(4)做定語(yǔ)時(shí)，必須用Sports

▲We'llhavePEthisafternoonbutIforgettobringmy,

AsportsclothesBsportclothes

5().▲Theeditor(oldthenewsmantowritereport.

Aa(wo-ihousand-wordBaiwo-thousand-words

Ctwo-thousand-wordDat\vo-ihousand-word

由連接號(hào)構(gòu)成的詞的特點(diǎn)：

(1)相當(dāng)于形容詞，因此前面一般有限定詞。

(2)不能為復(fù)數(shù)

(3)做前置定語(yǔ)

51.▲willmakeatriptoChinaduring(heSummerholidays.

AtheEvensBEvensCtheEven

姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前面加〔he,表示一家人或夫婦兩人

52.fire表示爐火，篝火，火災(zāi)時(shí)前面常加不定冠詞.其他意思為不可數(shù)。

53.集合名詞相當(dāng)于復(fù)數(shù)名詞（不能變復(fù)數(shù)，做主語(yǔ)調(diào)語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)）常見(jiàn)的集合名詞有：Cattlepeopleclothes

familyi一家人）

Thefieldswerefullofcattle.

Myfamilyareallearlyrisers.

54.▲TheYangtzeRiverhomeofarangeoffishandanimals.

AaBtheC/

behometo=bethehomeof…的家，…的棲，息地

55.Acrowd做主語(yǔ)用第三人稱單數(shù)（但thecrowd用復(fù)數(shù)）acrowdof=crowdsof

56.traffic的用法：不可數(shù)名詞

(1)交通工具，車輛Thishighwayhasalotoftrafficatnoon.

(2)交通Theyignorethetrafficregulation.

代詞

的用法

⑴代指上文中提到的物，

(2)It的模糊用法，即根據(jù)上下文無(wú)法明確其所指。

▲ifIcanhelp_.Idon'tlikeworkinglateintothenight.

AsoBthatCitDthem

A—Doyoulikehere?

-一oh.yes.Thecar.theweather,thewayoflife.Everyissonice.

AthisBitCthatDthese

AThereisnohelpforit.無(wú)能為力

(3)it做形式主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式(或forsbtodosth)或that從句

▲Shemade_herdulytolookafteralltheotherpeople's,affairsinthattown.

AthisBthatConeDit

▲TheChinesegovernmempromisestoseeiowillbepulinordersoon.

AilallBthatallCi((hatallDall

▲Whatthepaperreporteddoesn'lagreewithhehasneverbeenabroadforstudy.AwhatBitthat

(4)it做形式賓語(yǔ)，真正的賓語(yǔ)是后面的狀語(yǔ)從句

▲I'dappreciateifyouwouldliketoteachmehowtoseethecomputer.

AthatBitCthisDyou

▲Ilikewhenpeopleareopenanddirect.AthatBthisCitDthem

(5)可以代指前面所說(shuō)的事情。(此種用法相當(dāng)于that)

▲ThedoctoradvisedVersonstrangelythatshecouldtakeaholiday,but_didn'thelp.AitBsheCwhichDhe

(6)心目中所指的人

▲…Whoisknowingatthedoor?

--___is.【hepoliceman.AheBthatCi(Dshe

2.▲——Whichdriverwastoblame?

why,___!1(wasthechild'sfault.

AbothBeachCeitherDneither

{cither兩者之中的任何一個(gè)

neither兩者之中的任何一個(gè)都不

3.▲…IsawJennyreadintheReader'sclubyesterday.

…oh,shedoeseveryweekend.

AitBsoCsomethingDIliaI

▲一L(x)kat(hegirlon(hestage,sheisalreadyfbrty.

一-Arcyoukidding?Shedoesn'tlook.

AsoBthatCilDthis

▲’"【havetogo'、shesaid,andshehungup(hephone.

AwithitBwithoutitCwithIhalDwithout(hal

thatitso的區(qū)別：

上文提到的事情一般用Ihat(偶爾用it)來(lái)代替，上文提到的物一般用it來(lái)代替，$。只限于做特定的動(dòng)詞的賓

語(yǔ).(像thinkso,believeso,supposeso等)

4.thal表示上文提到的事情this指代下文提到的事情

▲…Hewasnearlydrownedone.

一whenwas?

--Itwasin1998whenhewasinmiddleschool

AthatBthis

5.Onc的用法

(I)代替上文提到的同一類事物

⑵不能說(shuō)aone,但可以a+adj+one如：animportantone

(3)只能代替可數(shù)名詞

6.oneonesthatthose的區(qū)別

(Done代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)(相當(dāng)于可數(shù)名詞)

(2)oiws代替可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)

(3)that代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞且后面有定語(yǔ)(相當(dāng)于the+名詞單數(shù))

⑷those代替可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)且后面有定語(yǔ)(相當(dāng)于the+名詞復(fù)數(shù))

注：①若有定語(yǔ)也不一定要用Ihat或those有時(shí)根據(jù)前面的相對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞是否特指或者根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思。

②做此類題目時(shí)可先考慮用什么樣的名詞，再考慮其代詞形式

▲Carddocauseussonicscriousproblems,infact,farmoreseriousthanmobilephonesdo.AoneBonesC

i(Dthose

▲Fewpleasurescunequalofacooldrinkonahoiday.

AsomeBanyC(hatDthose

▲Iwouldratherbuyahouseinthesuburbsthanin(hecity.

Ai(BoneCthisDthat

▲ThepopulationofChinaislargerthanofAmerica.

AtheseB(haiC(hisD(hose

▲ThecrueltyoftheGermanstowardsiheJewsandoftheJapanesetowardstheirprisoners,tilledeveryonewith

horror.

AthoseB(hatCitDthis

A-whydon'twetakealittlebreak?

…didn'twcjusthave.AitBthatConeDthis

▲IpreferaflatinInvernesstoinPerth,becauseIwanttolivenearmymom's.

AoneBthatCitDthis

ADon'tstartabookunlessyoucanseefromthefirsttewpagesthu(itisyoucaneasilyreadandunderstand.

AthatBoneCtheoneDaone.

7.AOfallthebooksonthedesk.___isofanyuseforourstudy.

AnothingBnooneCneitherDnone

▲Ourgreatestconcernismakingsureofthesechangescausesusharm.

AanyBsomeCneitherDnone

A-HowmanyofyouhavebeentoParis?

一alall,butweallhopeto.

AnotBnoCnobodyDnone

▲Thefirsthomehasagaragewhilethesecondhas.

AnooneBnothingCnone

none用法：①一個(gè)也沒(méi)有（指代可數(shù)名詞”一點(diǎn)也沒(méi)有（指代不可數(shù)）

②既可以單獨(dú)用，也可以后面加Of。

noone用法：①?zèng)]有人后面不能加of

②回答howmany的提問(wèn)用none?回答who的提問(wèn)常用noone或nobod.

8.another用法

①后面加單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞

②后面加復(fù)數(shù)名詞（復(fù)數(shù)名詞看作一個(gè)整體）

③三者或三者以上的范圍內(nèi)，提到了一個(gè)后，若再提另一個(gè)用another

▲WehadapicnicIasiterm,andilwasaloloffun,solei'shaveonethismonth.

AtheolherBsomeCanotherDother

AIfyouwanttochange?doubleroom,you-llhavetopay_15dollars.

AanotherBotherCmoreDeach

ANeitherofthemknewwhatwasdoing.

AotherBothersCtheotherDanother

9.Alseeaknifeinyourlefthand.Butwhat'sinyourhand.

AotherBanotherCtheotherDothers

anothertheotherothertheothersothers區(qū)別

①帶the的詞表特指，前面常有范圍

②帶s的詞只能單獨(dú)用，后面不能加名詞，不帶s的詞既可單獨(dú)用，也可后面加名詞

10.(1)若有具體范圍則用One...theother(s)

Ihavetwobooks.OneisChinese,theotherisJapanese.

(2)若無(wú)具體范圍則用One?…another或one…other(s)

Idon'tlikethisone.canyoushowmeanother.

Idon'tlikethisone.canyoushowmeotherbooks?

注：此種情況只能用One,不能用a

AWrestlingisasportinwhichplayertriestogetdownonthefloor.

Aa,anotherBone.anotherCa.theotherDone.theother

▲Wehaven'tenoughbooksfbr:someofyouwillhave(oshare.

AsomebodyBanybodyCeverybodyDnobody

lO.anybcxly的用法

(1)“有些人"，用于否定句，疑問(wèn)句，條件句(和somebody的區(qū)別是，somebody經(jīng)常應(yīng)用于肯定句)

(2)“任何一個(gè)人”(和everybody的區(qū)別是，everybody所有的人)

Anythingjanyone;anywhere跟someihing;someone;somewhere的區(qū)別同上

▲Heisneverinterestedinwhatisdoing.

AnooneelseBanyoneelseCsomeoneelseDnobodyelse

AYoucanbuythesemapsatrailwaystation.Theyullhavethem.

AthatBanyCeveryDeach

ADoyouhaveathomenow.mum?

…No,westillhavetogetscoresofeggsandsomevegetables.

AnothingBeverythingCanythingDsomething.

A—whatwouldyouliketocat?

--1don'tmind.—whateveryou'vegot.

AsomethingBanythingCnothingDeverything

▲…Ishere?

--No,BobandTimhaveaskedforleave.

AanybodyBeveiybodyCsomebodyDnobody

▲Iagreewithmostofwhatyousaid,butIdon'tagreewith.

AeverythingBsayingCsomethingDnothing

kanybodyhere?家里右人嗎？

Youshouldn'tspitanywhere.不能隨地吐痰

ATeenagersarcwarnedtobecarefulwhenmakingfriendsonline,becausewhenyoucan'tsecaperson,theycould

be.

AeverybodyBsomebodyCanybodyDnobody

11.every;no:any跟body;thing;one等構(gòu)成今成詞時(shí)的特點(diǎn):

⑴合著寫(xiě)時(shí)不能跟“連用,但none除外.分著寫(xiě)時(shí)可以加。f,但nooiw除外

(2)做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用第三人稱單數(shù)

⑶修飾不定代詞的詞應(yīng)該放在不定代詞后面

▲oftheworkersin(hefactoryknewhim,sowehadnotroublefindhim.

AeverybodyBeverybodyCeveryoneDeveryone

▲WhatIwoulddoiitogo.

AreallyquietsomewhereBsomewherequietreallyCsomewherereallyquiet

12.AinourclassgivenanEnglishnamebytheteacher.

AwceachhasBeachofushasCeachwehaveDweeachwere

①Weeachknowtheanswer.主語(yǔ)是we,each是同位語(yǔ)，所以謂語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)

②Eachofusknowstheanswer.主語(yǔ)是each,所以謂語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)

14tach充當(dāng)名詞和形容詞(兩者或兩者以上)

every只能充當(dāng)形容詞(三者或三者以上,

ATherearcmanytreesonsideof(hestreet.

AallBbothCeveryDeach

15.someany

(1)區(qū)別：some應(yīng)用于肯定句,any應(yīng)用于否定句，疑問(wèn)句和條件句.但若希望對(duì)方得到肯定的回答也應(yīng)用

some.

(2)共同點(diǎn)：充當(dāng)形容詞時(shí)，可以修飾可數(shù)和不可數(shù)，充當(dāng)代詞時(shí)，可以代替可數(shù)和不可數(shù)

A-wouldyoulike.sir?

--No.thanks.Ihavehadmuch.

AsomemoreorangeBanymoreorange

A--Yourtealooksnice

一Il'sLongjingfromHangzhou.Wouldyoulike?

AanyBlitileCitDsonic

16.cvcry的特殊用法記?。?/p>

everythreedays每三天everythirdday每三天

everyotherday每隔一天everyfewdays每隔幾天

17.人的所有格常用，物的所有格經(jīng)常用。f,但時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)的所有格經(jīng)常用&&1：today'snewspaper

▲Ilisaboutfromourschool(othestation.

AiwohoursofwalkB(wohours'walk

Ctwohour'swalkDtwohourswalk

I8.all的用法注意事項(xiàng)

(1)可以代替或修飾不可數(shù)名詞和可數(shù)名詞

⑵若指代不明確，做主語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)為第三人稱單數(shù)

Allisready.

Allthatshouldbedonehasbeendone.

⑶做同位語(yǔ)時(shí)的位置：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的前面，系動(dòng)詞be的后面

Wealllikehim.

Weareallstudenis

⑷跟名詞和代詞連用時(shí)，常見(jiàn)的搭配

allstudents=allofthestudents=allthestudents

Torus（做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)）usmi（做賓語(yǔ)）

▲AllMrWhiledoesgoodtohisstudents

AdoBdoesCdidDdone

▲Alllifeonourplanetuponthesun.AdependBdepends

▲Allpossiblemeanstosavethewoundedsoldier.

AhasbeentriedBhavebeentriedCistobetriedDaretrying

A-Whichcoatwouldyouprefer,sir?

一I'lltake,tohaveachangesometimes.

AallthemBthemallCboththemDthemboth

19.人稱代詞單獨(dú)用(一般是省略了謂語(yǔ))應(yīng)該用賓格

▲Susan,goandjoinyoursillercleaning(heyard.

--Why?Johnissittingtheredoingnothing.

AhimBheCIDme

A-Well,Tim.1suggestyougoandmakeanapologytoJack.

一what?toapologizehim?

AIBmeCwe

20.限定詞包括：

①特指性詞：the,指示代詞(thisthatthesethose),物主代詞(niyyou，retheir),所有格(Tom飛)

②不定冠詞aan

注：不能有兩個(gè)限定詞同時(shí)修飾一個(gè)名詞（但經(jīng)常見(jiàn)到兩個(gè)限定詞連用，這是因?yàn)檫@兩個(gè)限定詞分別修飾不同

的名詞）

▲Iliechemicalfactoryisfarawayinthemountains,itisnearlyridefromthecity.

Aasix-hourBasixhour'sCsixhour'sDsixhour

▲Thediscoverycompletelychanged___man'sunderstandingofcolor.

AaBtheC/

AAfterdriving,hearrivedsafelyinLondon.AanhourBhours'Canhour's

AApartmentsincitiescanbequitehi^zh.Rentersarepayingup（o$1.000permonthfor-bedroomapartment.

AoneaBtheoneConeDaone

21.單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞必須前加限定詞

Thisisbook.（錯(cuò)）

Thisisabook.（對(duì)）

Thisismybook.（對(duì)）

▲Isthismuseumyourvisitedtheotherday?

AthatBwhereCinwhichDtheone

▲Heledbeforeliberation.

AadogslifeBadogs*lifeCalifeofdogDdog'slife

22.反身代詞用法注意事項(xiàng)

(1)做賓語(yǔ)(主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)指同一個(gè)人時(shí)，用反身代詞做賓語(yǔ))

Hecan'texpresshimselfinEnglish.

(2)做表語(yǔ)Iamnotquitemyself(hesedays.

(3)做同位語(yǔ)You,dbetteraskthepresidenthimselfaboutit.

23.代詞做的成分

(1)做主,賓語(yǔ)Isawhiminthestreet.

(2)做表語(yǔ)IfIwereher.Iwouldtaketheadvice.

介詞

1.表示“除了”的詞可分為兩類

①除了…之外還/也...（即包含性排除）besides

②除了（即不包含性排除）except;but;inadditionto

注；apartfrom既可表示“除了”也可表示“除了…之外還/也…”因此用法簡(jiǎn)單

2.▲Theyneedmorepeopleourteamtodothejob.

AbutBexceptCexceptforDbesides

▲Wehadlotsofthingsincommonmusic.

▲Iknowingnothingabout（heyoungladysheisfromBeijing.

AexceptBexceptforCexceptthatDbesides

AThereisnooneintheroomme.

AexceptBbesidesCAandB

AYourcompositioniswellwrittensomespellingmiMakes.

AbesidesBexceptCbesideDexceptfor

except和besides的區(qū)別

①意思不同except除了；beside*除了…之外還/也…（具體做法是：芥選項(xiàng)中既有excepi又有besides,先填上

besides來(lái)看是否意思符合邏輯，若不符合則添except）

②用法不同

Besides介詞，后面只能跟名詞

Except的用法是：except+n.：except+從句：exceptfor,強(qiáng)調(diào)細(xì)節(jié)）

③在否定句中besides和except可以換用

3.▲一TheyallagreeGeorge.Hastheprojectbeenpassed?

…WhoGeorgecanmakethefinaldecision?

Aexcept,exceptBexcept,besidesCbut,butDbesides,but

▲Hehadnothingtodobut_tosecafilm

AgoB(ogoCwentDtobegoing

but表示“除了”時(shí)的用法

①經(jīng)常跟不定代詞和疑問(wèn)代詞連用

②后面跟動(dòng)詞時(shí)，若前面有（1。則省去［＜）,若前面無(wú)d。則帶to?

Theyhavenochoicebutk>sleep.

4.▲Thewinterof199()wasextremelycold.mostpeoplesayitwastheworstwinterof(heirlives.Aatlast

BinfactCinawordDasaresult

infact的特殊用法，進(jìn)一步解釋說(shuō)明

5.Of+n相當(dāng)于adj.在句中做表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)

Themeetingisofimportance

Theyheldameetingofimportance.

6.▲Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledto

AthethiefhavingcaughtBcatchthethief

CihcthiefbeingcaughtDthe(hieflobecaught

ANoonehadtoldSmithaboutalecturethefollowingday

A(herebeingBthereheC(herewouldheD(herewas

介詞后面若有句子，應(yīng)將謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞改為Mg形式。

7.介詞后面不能有that引導(dǎo)的從句，但可以有Whichwhat...whenwhy等疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的從句

Ihavenoideaofwhenhewillleave.

8.▲Thesunlightcameinthewindows.AthroughBacross

across從表面穿過(guò)；through從內(nèi)部穿過(guò)

9.▲TheyweresenttoAustralia_aprisonship.AonBbyCin

byinon表示“騎,乘坐”意思時(shí)的區(qū)別

①by+交通工具，中間不能加任何限定詞。

②in/on+交通工具，中間必須加限定詞。

用On時(shí)表示在…的上面Theycamehereonmybike.

用in時(shí)表示在…的里面Theycamehereiniheircar.

1().▲MotherwasworriedbecauselittleAlicewasillespeciallyfatherwasawayinFrance.AasBsoC

duringDbui

during只能充當(dāng)介詞

11.atwith表示“原因”時(shí)的區(qū)別

at常表示情感的原因Iamgladatthenew

with常表示因?yàn)槟撤N情感Hejumpedwithjoy.

12.▲Applesarcusuallysoldby__weightandeggsaresometimessoldby_dozen.

Athe,theB/,aC/,theDthe.a

by"按…''表示總稱時(shí)不加冠詞，表示具體的名詞時(shí)應(yīng)加山e

如［bytinu?按時(shí)間，但bythehour按小時(shí)bytheday按天

byweight按重量，但bythepound按鎊bythekilogram按公斤

13.Alpulledtheattackthewoman.

AoffBawayCawayfrom

OH；away表示“離開(kāi)”的區(qū)別

on既可充當(dāng)副詞又可充當(dāng)介詞，因此可以加賓語(yǔ)也可以不加賓語(yǔ)

away只能充當(dāng)副詞因此不能加賓語(yǔ)，加賓語(yǔ)的話需加from,因此off=awayfrom

I4.allover和throughout的區(qū)別

^-allovcr+地點(diǎn)allovertheworld

thi*oughout+時(shí)間/地點(diǎn)throughoutthewinter

throughouttheworld

15.▲Whenwillyourfatherbeback?

一____twelveo'cl(Kk

AInBsinceCuntilDafter

in+時(shí)間段,謂語(yǔ)用將來(lái)式Hewillcomeintwohours.

時(shí)間點(diǎn)，謂語(yǔ)用將來(lái)式

疑［仃+時(shí)間段，謂語(yǔ)用一般過(guò)去式

Thepartybrokeupaftertwohours.

16.介詞所做的成分

①定語(yǔ)ThemaninblackisMrZhang.

②表語(yǔ)Hewasagainstslavery.

③賓辛卜【foundeverythingingoodcondition.

④狀語(yǔ)Wcjumpedwithjoy.

17.介詞后面跟動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，動(dòng)名詞的主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該跟句子的主語(yǔ)保持一致。

▲whinthesch(M)hnas(ersaid,(hegirl,sfaceturnedred.

AaftersheheardBafterhearingCtohearDtobeheard

他到了以后，我感到很高興

Afterbeinghere.Iamglad.(X)

Afterhisbeinghere,Iamglad.(V)

18.AWearcalwayswarnednottoactwhatwillhappenafterwards.

AregardlessofBinspiteof

regardlessof不管

inspiteof盡管=despite

19.▲Anoilpaintinglooksbetter.AinthedistanceBaladistance

inthedistance在遠(yuǎn)方

atadistance隔開(kāi)一段距離，距離稍遠(yuǎn)些

20.▲After（heterribleearthquake,nothingwasleftthevillagebutmemoriesinthepast.AatBofCfor

Dfrom

▲ThehomeimprovemenllookwhatlidIethereismysparelime.（選項(xiàng)同上）

of修飾不定代詞時(shí)，of跟不定代詞之間經(jīng)常有其他成分

21.A-Tellmewhereyoulivepl