專題04 閱讀理解新聞?lì)?解析版)-五年（2017-2021）高考英語(yǔ)真題分項(xiàng)匯編（浙江專用）

五年（2017-2021）高考英語(yǔ)真題分項(xiàng)匯編（浙江專用）閱讀理解·新聞?lì)?.（2019年6月，浙江高考）Moneywithnostringsattached.It’snotsomethingyouseeeveryday.ButatUnionStationinLosAngeleslastmonth,aboardwentupwithdollarbillsattachedtoitwithpinsandasignthatread,“GiveWhatYouCan,TakeWhatYouNeed.”P(pán)eoplequicklycaughton.Andwhilemanytookdollars,manyotherspinnedtheirowncashtotheboard.“Peopleofallages,races,andsocio-economic(社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的)backgroundsgaveandtook,”saidTylerBridgesofTheToolbox,whichcreatedtheproject.“Weevenhadabrideinherweddingdresscomeuptotheboardandtakeafewdollars.”Mostofthebillsontheboardweresingles,butafewpeopleleftfives,tensandeventwenties.Thevideoclip(片段)showsonemanwhohadfounda$20billpinningittotheboard.“WhatIcansayforthefolksthatgavethemost,isthattheywerefullofsmiles,”Bridgessaid.“There’sacertainfeelingthatgivingcandoforyouandthatwasapparentinthosethatgavethemost.”Mostpeoplewhotookdollarstookonlyafew,butBridgessaidaverysmallnumbertookasmuchastheycould.Whiletheclipmightlooklikepartofanewadcampaign,Bridgessaidtheonlygoalwastoshowgenerosityandsympathy.HeaddedthathehopespeopleinothercitiesmighttrysimilarprojectsandposttheirownvideosontheInternet.“Afterall,everyonehasbaddaysandgooddays,”hesaid.“Somedaysyouneedahelpinghandandsomedaysyoucanbetheonegivingthehelpinghand.”1.Whatdoestheexpression“moneywithnostringsattached”inparagraph1mean?A.Moneyspentwithouthesitation.B.Moneynotlegallymade.C.Moneyofferedwithoutconditions.D.Moneynottiedtogether.2.WhatdidBridgeswanttoshowbymentioningthebride?A.Womentendedtobemoresociable.B.Theactivityattractedvariouspeople.C.Economicproblemsweregettingworse.D.Youngcouplesneededfinancialassistance.3.WhydidBridgescarryouttheproject?A.Todoatestonpeople’smorals.B.Toraisemoneyforhiscompany.C.Toearnhimselfagoodreputation.D.Topromotekindnessandsympathy.【答案】1.C2.B3.D【解析】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。短文報(bào)道了上個(gè)月在洛杉磯的聯(lián)合車站，一塊牌子上用別針別滿了美元，上面寫(xiě)著“給予你所能給與的，拿走你所需要的”。這樣的活動(dòng)吸引了各種各樣的人，組織者希望通過(guò)這樣的活動(dòng)來(lái)提倡仁慈和同情。1.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段中ButatUnionStationinLosAngeleslastmonth,aboardwentupwithdollarbillsattachedtoitwithpinsandasignthatread,“GiveWhatYouCan,TakeWhatYouNeed.”可知，但是上個(gè)月在洛杉磯的聯(lián)合車站，一塊牌子上用別針別滿了美元，上面寫(xiě)著“給予你所能給與的，拿走你所需要的”。所以通過(guò)下文的語(yǔ)境，判斷出第1段中的moneywithnostringsattached是“無(wú)條件提供的錢(qián)”的意思。故C項(xiàng)正確。2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段照片沒(méi)給“Peopleofallages,races,andsocio-economic(社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的)backgroundsgaveandtook,”saidTylerBridgesofTheToolbox,whichcreatedtheproject.“Weevenhadabrideinherweddingdresscomeuptotheboardandtakeafewdollars.”可知，發(fā)起該項(xiàng)活動(dòng)的泰勒·布里奇斯說(shuō)：“所有年齡、種族和社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)背景的人都會(huì)付出和索取?！鄙踔劣幸晃淮┲榧喌男履飦?lái)到了牌子前，拿走了一些錢(qián)。所以泰勒·布里奇斯提到新娘是想說(shuō)明這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)吸引了各種各樣的人。故B項(xiàng)正確。3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段Whiletheclipmightlooklikepartofanewadcampaign,Bridgessaidtheonlygoalwastoshowgenerosityandsympathy.可知，盡管這段視頻看起來(lái)像是一項(xiàng)新的廣告活動(dòng)的一部分，但是布里奇斯說(shuō)這次活動(dòng)唯一的目標(biāo)是表現(xiàn)出慷慨和同情。所以布里奇斯開(kāi)展這個(gè)活動(dòng)是為了提倡仁慈和同情。故D項(xiàng)正確。2.（2017年11月，浙江高考）It'ssurprisinghowmuchsimplemovementofthebodycanaffectthewaywethink.Usingexpansivegestureswithopenarmsmakesusfeelmorepowerful,crossingyourarmsmakesyoumoredeterminedandlyingdowncanbringmoreinsights(領(lǐng)悟).Soifmovingthebodycanhavetheseeffects,whatabouttheclotheswewear?We'reallwellawareofhowdressingupindifferentwayscanmakeusfeelmoreattractive,sportyorprofessional,dependingontheclotheswewear,butcantheclothesactuallychangecognitive(認(rèn)知)performanceorisitjustafeeling?AdamandGalinskytestedtheeffectofsimplywearingawhitelabcoatonpeople'spowersofattention.Theideaisthatwhitecoatsareassociatedwithscientists,whoareinturnthoughttohavecloseattentiontodetail.Whattheyfoundwasthatpeoplewearingwhitecoatsperformedbetterthanthosewhoweren't.Indeed,theymadeonlyhalfasmanyerrorsasthosewearingtheirownclothesontheStroopTest(onewayofmeasuingattention).Thereserchrscalltheeffect"enclothedcognition,"suggestingthatallmannerofdifferentclothesprobablyaffectourcognitioninmanydifferntways.Thisopensthewayforallsortsofclothes-basedexperiments.Isthewriterwhowearsafedoramorecreative?Isthepsychologistwearinglittleroundglassesandsmokingacigarmoreinsightful?Doesachef'shatmaketherestaurantfoodtastebetter?FromnowonIwillonlybeeditingartclesforPsyBlogwhilewearingawhitecoattohelpkeepthetypingerrorcountlow.HopefullyyouwillbedoingyourpartbyreadingPsyBloginacapandgown(學(xué)位服).4.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Bodymovementschangethewaypeoplethink.B.Howpeopledresshasaninfluenceeontheirfeelings.C.Whatpeoplewearcanaffecttheircognitiveperformance.D.Peopledoingdifferentjobsshouldweardifferentclothes.5.AdamandGalinsky'sexperimenttestedtheeffectofclothesontheirwearers'______.A.insights B.movementsC.attention D.appearance6.Howdoestheauthorsoundinthelastparagraph?A.Academic. B.Humorous.C.Formal. D.Hopeful.【答案】4.C5.C6.B【解析】本文講述了Adam和Galinsky所做的一個(gè)關(guān)于穿著白大褂人們注意力的實(shí)驗(yàn)。實(shí)驗(yàn)顯示穿白大褂的人表現(xiàn)更為出色，他們的錯(cuò)誤率是穿普通衣服的人的一半。得出結(jié)論：著裝影響人的認(rèn)知表現(xiàn)。4.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段butcantheclothesactuallychangecognitiveperformanceorisitjustafeeling及下文所做的實(shí)驗(yàn)可知，本文主要講述著裝對(duì)人認(rèn)知表現(xiàn)的影響。故選C。5.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段AdamandGalinskytestedtheeffectofsimplywearingawhitelabcoatonpeople’spowersofattention.中的attention及第四段Indeed,…ontheStroopTest(onewayofmeasuringattention)的attention.可知，Adam和Galinsky的實(shí)驗(yàn)是測(cè)試著裝對(duì)人們注意力的影響。A.insights洞察力；B.movements移動(dòng)；C.attention注意力；D.appearance外表。故選C。6.推理判斷題。作者全文在講述著裝影響人的認(rèn)知表現(xiàn)這一理論，最后一段作者說(shuō)自己以后要穿白大褂上班編輯文章，以減少打字錯(cuò)誤。他希望讀者也能帶上學(xué)士帽、穿上學(xué)位服閱讀PsyBlog的文章。由此可推斷出作者是用一種幽默的語(yǔ)氣調(diào)侃著裝認(rèn)知理論。A.Academic學(xué)士的；B.Humorous幽默的；C.Formal正式的；D.Hopeful有希望的。故選B。3.（2017年6月，浙江高考）FLORENCE,Italy—SvetlanaCojochrufeelshurt.TheMoldovanhaslivedheresevenyearsasacaregivertoItaliankidsandelderly,butinordertostayshe’shadtoproveherlanguageskillsbytakingatestwhichrequireshertowriteapostcardtoanimaginaryfriendandanswerafictionaljobad.ItalyisthelatestWesternEuropeancountrytryingtocontrolagrowingimmigrant(移民)populationbydemandinglanguageskillsinexchangeforworkpermits,orinsomecases,citizenship.Someimmigrantadvocatesworrythatashardfinancialtimesmakeitmoredifficultfornativestokeepjobs,suchmeasureswillbecomemoreavehicleforintolerancethanintegration(融合).Otherssayit’sonlynaturalthatnewcomerslearnthelanguageoftheirhostnation,seeingitasaconditiontoensuretheycancontributetosociety.OtherEuropeancountrieslaiddownasimilarrequirementforimmigrants,andsometermsareeventougher.Thegovernmentsarguethatthiswillhelpforeignersbetterjointhesocietyandpromoteunderstandingacrosscultures.Italy,whichhasamuchweakertraditionofimmigration,haswitnessedasharpincreaseinimmigrationinrecentyears.In1990,immigrantsnumberedsome1.14millionoutofItaly’sthen56.7millionpeople,orabout2percent.Atthestartofthisyear,foreignerslivinginItalyamountedto4.56millionofatotalpopulationof60.6million,or7.5percent,withimmigrants’childrenaccountingforaneverlargerpercentageofbirthsinItaly.Cojochru,theMoldovancaregiver,hopedobtainingpermanentresidence(居住權(quán))wouldhelpherbringhertwochildrentoItaly;theylivewithhersisterinMoldova,wheresalariesareamongthelowestinEurope.Shewasskepticalthatthelanguagerequirementwouldencourageintegration.Italiansalways＂seemeasaforeigner,＂anoutsider,eventhoughshe’sstayedinthecountryforyearsandcanspeakthelocallanguagefluently,shesaid.7.WhydoesCojochruhavetotakealanguagetest?A.TocontinuetostayinItaly.B.ToteachherchildrenItalian.C.TofindabetterjobinItaly.D.TobettermixwiththeItalians.8.Somepeopleworrythatthenewlanguagerequirementmay____________.A.reduceItaly’spopulationquicklyB.causeconflictsa