2025屆上海市奉賢區(qū)高三一模英語試題（含答案）

學(xué)年第一學(xué)期奉賢區(qū)高三英語練習(xí)卷考生注意：考試時間105分鐘，試卷滿分115分。本次考試設(shè)試卷和答題紙兩部分。所有答題必須涂（選擇題）或?qū)懀ǚ沁x擇題）在答題紙上，做在試卷上一律不得分。務(wù)必在答題紙上填寫準(zhǔn)考證號和姓名，并將核對后的條形碼貼在指定位置。GrammarandvocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.TheBestMusictoBoostProductivityHowmanytimeshaveyouputonyourheadphonestohelpyouconcentrateonyourtasks?Variousstudieshavetriedtoaddressthequestionof(1)__________musicintheworkplacecanbehelpfulornot.Theshortanswerseemstobeyes,butitdependsonthejobandthemusic.Inonestudy,machineoperatorsataclothesmanufacturerbecame(2)__________(productive)whentheylistenedtorelaxingmusic;theresearchersthereforesuggestedtryingmusicwithafasterpaceinstead.However,inanotherstudy(3)__________(conduct)amongsurgeonswhooperatedonpatientswhilelisteningtoclassicalmusic,itshowedthattheywerebothfasterandmoreaccurateinperformance.Inthiscase,theresearchersadvisedagainsthighpaceorloudmusic(4)__________itcouldbedistracting.Accordingtosomescientists,nomatterwhattaskyou’reengagedin,lyricsinmusic(5)__________negativelyimpactyourattention.However,if(6)__________(listen)tolyric-lessorclassicaltunesannoysyou,you’reprobablynotgoingtobeveryproductive,soitultimatelydependsonyourpersonalpreference.Theremightbealinkbetween“emotionaluse”ofmusicatworkandperformance,too.Essentially,ifyourmoodimproves,sodoesyourwork.Tosomeextent,then,youmaybebestoffplayingmusic(7)__________makesyouhappy.Interestingly,though,one2023study,whichsurveyed244peoplewholistenedtomusicatwork,revealednobenefitwhenmusic(8)__________(use)forcognitivethinkingorjustplayedinthebackground.Butifyou’rejusthereforthebesttracks(9)__________(boost)yourproductivity,we’vegotsomerecommendationsforyou.Thetopthreesongsmostoftenincludedinwork-relatedSpotifylists(10)__________(be):“DropsofJupiter”(Train),“Dreams”(FleetwoodMac)and“Don’tStopBelieving”(Journey).Integratethesesongsintoyourworkdayandexperiencetheboostinproductivitytheycanprovide.SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.enter B.echo C.physical D.linked E.supposed F.initialG.literally H.diverse I.weather J.alternative K.effectivelySkyquakeIfyou’veeverheardaloud,distantboomingnoisewithnoobviousexplanationlikeathunderstormoracarbackfiring,thenyoumighthaveexperiencedaskyquake.Skyquakeshavebeenreportedaroundtheworldandlocalshave(11)__________namesforthemindifferentregions.NearSenecaLakeinNewYorkState,they’reknownas“Senecaguns”;inBelgiumthey’recalled“mistpoeffers”;andtheJapaneserefertothemas“uminari”,which(12)__________means“criesfromthesea”.Somescientistshavesuggestedthatatypeofmeteor(流星)couldbethecause.Thesespacerocksexplodewhenthey(13)__________Earth’satmosphere.Ifthisoccurredabovethickcloud,thesoundcould(14)__________acrossawidearea.However,thereisno(15)__________evidencereachingtheground.A(n)(16)__________explanationisthegascomingoutofthebottomofthelake.Severalhotspotsforskyquakeactivityareclosetolarge,deeplakes,suchasSeneca.Butskyquakeshavealsobeenreportedawayfromsuchwaterbodies.ResearchersattheUniversityofNorthCarolinacomparedlocalnewsreportswithinformationfrom(17)__________sensorsandearthquakedetectors.Theywereunabletoidentifyanyearthquakeactivitythatcoincidedwiththestrangenoises,(18)__________rulingoutgroundshakingasthecauseofit.Theyconcludedthatthisphenomenonis(19)__________totheatmosphere.Possiblereasonscouldincludemeteorsexplodingintheskyorthesoundofbigwavesgettinglouderbecauseofspecialweatherconditionsneartheocean.Overtheyears,manyofthese(20)__________mysterynoiseshaveturnedouttobecausedbymilitaryplanesflyingfasterthanthespeedofsound.Giventhediversityoflocationsandexplanations,it’spossiblethatskyquakesindifferentpartsoftheworldhavedifferentcauses.Butfornow,theirtruecauseremainsmysterious.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.TherigidcorridorsofWeltonAcademycarriedtheweightoftraditionandconformity(循規(guī)蹈矩).JohnKeating,anEnglishteacherwitha(n)__21__ofmysteryandpassion,steppedintotheacademylikeabreathoffreshnessinadullroom.Hisverypresencewasa(n)__22__tothelong-establishednormsoftheschool.HewasnotonetosimplystandatthefrontoftheclassroomandlecturedaboutShakespeare’spoetryortherulesofgrammar.__23__,hehadauniquewayofmakingthewordscomealive.Inhisfirstclass,hewalkedintotheroom,atwinkleinhiseye,andledtheboysoutintothehallway.Pointingattheold,fadedpicturesofformerstudents,hesaid,“Carpediem,boys.Seizetheday.Makeyourlives__24__.Thesemenwereoncejustlikeyou,withdreamsandpotential.Don’tletthisplaceburyyourambitions.”Hisspecialhaven,the“WhispersoftheBard,”wasamagicalplacehiddenawayfromthe__25__eyesoftheschoolauthorities.Here,undertheopensky,Keatingwouldgatherthestudentsaroundhim.Hewouldrecitepoetrywithsuchenthusiasmthatthewordsseemedto__26__intheair.“Poetry,”hetoldthem,“isnotjustaboutrhymesandmeters.It’sthelanguageofthe__27__.It’sthewayweexpressthedeepestdesiresandthewildestdreamsthatwehold__28__us.”Heencouragedeachstudenttofindtheirownvoicebetweenthelinesofthegreatpoets.ToNeilPerry,whohadahiddenpassionforthe__29__burninglikeasmallfireinhisheart,Keatingwaslikeaguidingstar.HesawthepotentialinNeil’seyesandsaid,“Neil,thestageiswaitingforyou.Don’tletanyoneevenyourfather__30__yourlight.Yourdreamsareprecious,andyouhavethetalenttomakethemcometrue.”HehelpedNeilpracticehislines,showinghimhowto__31__hisemotionsthrougheveryword.UnderKeating’sguidanceineverysession,Neilgrewmoreconfident,believingthathecouldeven__32__whathisfatherexpectedofhim.ForToddAnderson,whowasshyandoften__33__byhisbrotherseeminglyexcellentateverything,Keatingnoticedhistalentforseeingthedeepermeaninginliterature.“Todd,”hesaid,“yourmindisatreasurechest.Openitandshareyourthoughtswiththeworld.Don’tbeafraidto__34__.Yourinterpretationsareasvaluableasanyother’s.”WithKeating’sencouragingwords,Toddstartedtocomeoutofhis__35__,findingthecouragetospeakupandexpresshimself.Keating’sencouragementwaslikeagentlewindthatblewthroughthelivesofthesestudents,fanningtheflamesoftheirdreamsandgivingthemthestrengthtopursuewhattheytrulyloved.A.air B.gesture C.mood D.outlookA.threat B.barrier C.challenge D.opportunityA.However B.Therefore C.Instead D.MoreoverA.mysterious B.extraordinary C.practical D.specificA.caring B.shining C.wandering D.watchingA.dance B.float C.move D.slideA.insight B.innocence C.soul D.senseA.between B.upon C.into D.withinA.poetry B.stage C.match D.musicA.dim B.adjust C.flash D.fuelA.conceal B.project C.stimulate D.sustainA.fallwithin B.persistin C.keepoff D.gobeyondA.overseen B.overshadowed C.overestimated D.overlookedA.stepaway B.fitin C.standout D.pushforwardA.routine B.shell C.circle D.spaceSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.AIntheyear1669,aGermantradernamedHennigBrandsetoutonanunusualquestthatwouldleadtooneofthemostfascinatingdiscoveriesinthehistoryofchemistry.Brand,drivenbytheage-oldalchemists’dreamofmagicallyturningbasemetalsintogold,conductedaseriesofexperimentsthatwouldforeverchangeourunderstandingofelements.Brand’sjourneybeganwithanassumptionthatthekeytocreating“gold”residedinhumanurine(尿液).Thisseeminglystrangeideawasfueledbytheobservationthaturinesharedasimilaryellowcolorwiththepreciousmetal.Actingonthisbelief,Brandcollectedanastonishing5000litersofurineandallowedittostandandferment(發(fā)酵).Afterweeksoffermentation,Brandboiledtheurinedowntoathick,stickysubstance.Hethenmixedthispastewithsandandheatedthemixturetoanextremetemperature.Whatemergedfromthisprocesswasasubstancethatwasentirelynewtotheworldofscience—awhitesolidthatshonewithasoftlightinthedark.Brandnamedthisglowingmaterial“phosphorus,”originatingfromtheGreekwordsfor“l(fā)ightbearer.”Thediscoveryofphosphoruswasnotjustascientificbreakthrough;itcapturedtheimaginationofthepublicandthescientificcommunityalike.Itsabilitytogiveofflightinthedarknesswasbothfascinatingandmysterious.TheimplicationsofBrand’sdiscoverywerefar-reaching.Phosphoruswasnotonlyanoveltybutalsoasubstancewithpracticalapplications.Itwouldlaterbecomeanessentialcomponentintheproductionofmatches,fertilizers,andvariouschemicals.HennigBrand’saccidentaldiscoveryofphosphorusin1669wasmorethanjustfindinganewelement;itmarkedtheendoftheeraoftheperiodofmagicchemistryandthebeginningofmodernchemistry.Brand’sphosphorus,oncesoughtasameanstowealth,becameacornerstoneinthefieldofscience,acleardemonstrationofpowerofcuriosityandtheunexpectedpathsthatcanleadtoenlightenment.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Thefallofancientalchemistsandtheriseofmodernchemists.B.Theaccidentaldiscoveryofphosphorusanditsscientificimpact.C.Theimportanceofhumanurineinscientificexperiments.D.Thetransformationofbasemetalsintogoldthroughmagic.WhatwasHennigBrand’sinitialgoalwhenhestartedhisexperiments?A.Toturnhumanurineintogold. B.Todiscoveranewelement.C.Toproduceaglowingsubstance. D.Toreformmodernchemistry.Theunderlinedword“cornerstone”inthelastparagraphisclosestinmeaningto__________.A.mystery B.symbol C.obstacle D.foundationWhatcanbeinferredaboutHennigBrandfromthepassage?A.Hewasaseriouschemistwhofollowedestablishedscientificmethods.B.Hewasavisionaryscientistwhopredictedthefutureofchemistry.C.Hewasacuriousindividualwillingtoexploreunconventionalideas.D.Hewasawealthytraderwithadeepunderstandingofchemistry.BGoingunderground?TheSubwayistheeasiestwaytogetaroundtheCityCentreandWestEndofGlasgow.Runningeveryfourminutesatpeaktimes,ittakesjust24minutestocompleteacircuitofthe15stationsandcostsfromaslittleas￡1.80foranadultsingletotravelanywhereelseonthesystem.FirstTrainsLastTrainsOuterCircleMon.toSat.Sun.OuterCircleMon.toSat.SunFromGovan06:3010:00FromGovan23:1617:50FromStEnoch06:3410:03FromStEnoch23:3018:03InnerCircleMon.toSat.SunInnerCircleMontoSat.Sun.FromGovan06:3010:00FromGovan23:1617:50FromStEnoch06:3210:00FromStEnoch23:2818:00SubwayticketsTypeAdultChild***unlimitedtravelforoneday**Appliestochildrenunder16yearsold.Childrenunderfivetravelforfreeifaccompaniedbyafarepayingadult.Single￡1.80￡0.85Return￡3.40￡1.60Allday*￡4.30￡2.15Accordingtothenoticeboard,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.Thesubwayistheonlywaytotravelinthecity.B.Thesubwayrunsevery4minutesanytimeoftheday.C.Anentirejourneyof24stationstakes15minutes.D.Anadultticketforafullcircuitcostsonly￡1.80.ToarriveatKelvinbridgeonaweekdaymorningassoonaspossible,youcantaketheearliesttrainfromStEnochat__________.A6:34 B.6:32 C.10:00 D.10:03Acoupletakinga15-year-oldandanewbornonaONE-DAYtripinGlasgowcanmaximizetheirsubwayexperiencebypaying__________.A.￡6.45 B.￡8.40 C.￡10.75 D.￡12.90CForthefirsttime,scientistshaveobservedthebrainthroughoutthepregnancy(懷孕)timeline.Sexhormones,likeestrogenandtestosterone,arepowerfulplayersinthebrain,affectingmood,memory,andmore.Someofthemostdramatichormonalchangesthathumansexperiencehappenduringpregnancy,andyetthoseninemonthshavebeenablackboxforhumanneuroscienceuntilnow.AnewstudypublishedthisweekinNatureNeuroscienceprovidesthemostextensivelookinsidethatblackboxyet.Researchersscannedthebrainofonewoman26timesovertheentirecourseofherpregnancy—before,duringandafter.Brainscansshowthattracksofwhitemattergetstrongerduringpregnancy.Previousbrainimagingstudiesfrombeforeandafterpregnancyhaveshownthatpregnancyshrinks(縮小)partsofthebrain,specificallyitsgraymatter.Theseouterlayersofthebrainareresponsibleformostofsensation,learningandothergreatthingsthebraindoes.Shrinkinggraymattermaysoundscary,butithappenstoallofusthroughoutdevelopmenttofine-tuneourneuralprocessingandmakeourbrainsmoreefficient.Thoughtheterm“mommybrain”isoftenusedtorefertothebrainfogandforgetfulnesssomepeoplefeelduringpregnancy,thebrainchangesarelikelyadaptive.Forexample,youmaybeforgettingwhereyourkeysare,butyouarewaymorefocusedonwhatishappeningtoyourbaby.Researchersareparticularlyinterestedinchangeswithinbrainregionsthathelpwithsocialcognitionbyallowingustotakeonothers’perspectives.Thescaleandpatternofbrainchangesduringpregnancyaresimilartowhatotherresearchershaveseeninadolescentbrainsduringpuberty(青春期),alsodrivenbyhormones.Otherresearchershavebeenabletodetectwhethersomeonehadbeenpregnantbasedonlyonneuroimagingdatafromdecadeslater.Sodespitethecommonsayingthatourbrainsstopdevelopinginourmid-20s,hormonesseemtodrivebig,long-lastingchangesthroughoutadulthood.Fromstudyingthewoman’sbrain,researchersconfirmedgraymatterdecreasedbyfourpercentoverthecourseofpregnancyandthatdecreasepersistedthroughouttheendofthestudytwoyearsaftergivingbirth.Anditwasn’tjustoneareaornetwork—80%ofbrainregionsshrunk.Whilecertainareasandnetworkschangedfasterthanothers,theteamdoesn’tyetknowwhattheimplicationsare.Thepassagemainlytellsus__________.A.howpregnancyimpactswomen’smemory B.howbrainscansleadtoabreakthroughC.howpubertydiffersfrompregnancy D.howbrainchangesduringpregnancyBasedontheresearch,apregnantwomanshould__________changesaccompanying“mommybrain”?A.peacefullyaccept B.consciouslyavoidC.completelyignore D.eagerlyexpectWecanlearnfromthelasttwoparagraphsthat__________.A.researchershavefiguredoutwhycertainareasofbrainchangefasterB.despitesimilarity,brainchangesinpubertyaren’tdrivenbyhormonesC.hormonesarelikelytocausebrainchangesbeyondadolescenceD.theshrinkageofgraymatterinbrainstopsshortlyafterchildbirthWhatisthestructureofthispassage?A.Presentingafinding→Explaining→RelatingwithotherfindingsB.Introducingatopic→Providingexamples→SummarizingthemainpointsC.Statingaproblem→Proposingsolutions→EvaluatingthesolutionsD.Describingaphenomenon→Analyzingthecauses→PredictingthefuturetrendsSectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.Previously,they’vetrainedpacksofheroratstodetectdangerousbacteria.B.Thentheywereintroducedtocommonscentsusedtomaskillegalwildlifetrade.C.Thiseffortaimstoprovidealow-costdetectionsystemtopreventillegalhunting.D.However,thereareconcernsthattheratsmightbedistractedbysomecommonscents.E.Existingscreeningtoolsareexpensiveandtimeintensive,necessitatinganewapproach.F.Forthispurpose,thesetrainedratswillbeexpectedtoworkinlikelyhotspotsforillegalwildlifetrade.RattingonCrimes“Youarenevermorethansixfeetawayfromarat,”goesthesaying.Thoughithasbeenconcludedthatthisestimateisincorrect,itmightsoonbeaccurateforthoseinvolvedintheillegalwildlifetrade.AteamofresearchershavetrainedAfricanratstopickupthescents(氣味)ofendangeredanimalproducts,suchaselephantivoryandrhinohorn.___47___Theratpackcanevenidentifytheseitemswhenconcealedamongothersubstances,andhavebeenshowntorememberthesmellsaftermonthsofnon-exposure.Thisisn’tthefirsttimeAPOPO,aTanzania-basednon-profit,haverecognizedapotentialforasuper-ratworkforce.___48___Theorganizationlookstoprovidelow-tech,cost-efficientsolutionstopressingchallengesthroughoutAfrica.Theratsinthenewstudywentthroughseveraldemandingstagesoftraining.Theyfirstlearnedtosmellatargetscentforseveralsecondstoearnaflavouredreward.___49___Thefinalstepwasmemoryconsolidationtraining,wheretheywerereintroducedtoscentsthey’dnotencounteredforfiveandeightmonths,respectively.Despitethemonthsofnon-exposure,theratsshowedperfectmemoryscores,suggestingthattheircognitivememoryperformanceissimilartothatofdogs.Illegalcapture,killing,andharvestingofanimalsandplantshaveincreaseddramaticallyinrecentyears.Forexample,55Africanelephantsarekilledfortheirtuskseveryday,over20,000ayear.Thishastobestoppedimmediately.___50___Theywillbearmedwithcustom-madevests(馬甲).Withtheirfrontpaws,theywillbeabletopullasmallballattachedtothechestoftheirvest,whichgivesoutabeepingsound.Thiswayratswillbeabletoalerthandlerswhentheydetectatarget.Oncefullytrainedandprepared,thesegiantratscouldbecomeillegalhunters’worstenemy.SummaryWriting(10分)Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.51.TheSignificanceofCattleinMaasaiSocietyCattlearethetraditionalpartnersoftheMaasaipeopleofEastAfrica.ThetraditionalMaasaidietisheavilycenteredaroundcattleproducts.MilkisafundamentalcomponentoftheMaasaidiet,consumeddailyandinvariousforms.Freshmilk,knownas“enkirowua”,isoftendrunkstraightormixedwithherbsforaddedflavorandmedicinalbenefits.Processedmilk,or“mokore”,isapopularvariation,providingrichsourceofnutrition.Cattle’smeatisanotherimportantpartoftheMaasaidiet,consumedduringspecialoccasionsandceremonies.Everypartoftheanimalisused,reflectingtheMaasai’sresourcefulnessandrespectfortheirlivestock.Itrepresentsstrengthandthecommunity’scollectivewealth.CattleholdsignificantvalueinMaasaisociallife.Anindividual’ssocialstatusisheavilyinfluencedbycattleownership.Thenumberofcattleonepossessesdírectlyrelateswithhisstandinginthecommunity.Thisisparticularlyevidentduringtraditionalceremonies,suchasweddings,wheretheexchangeofcattleasgiftssignifiesthestrongbondbetweenfamiliesandasharedcommitmenttothefuture.Familiesthereshareresponsibilitiesincattlecareandtheircollectivemanagementpromotesunityandteamwork.Forexample,theprocessofmilkingisasharedactivity,involvingbothmenandwomenandstrengtheningsocialbonds.Itisespeciallyvitalduringchallengingtimes,suchasdroughtsorotherhardshipswhenthewell-beingofthecattleiscrucial.CattlealsoplayabigroleinMaasairitualsandceremonies,accompanyingindividualsfrombirthtodeath.Forexample,thesacrificeofacowduringnamingceremoniesorfuneralsnotonlycelebratestheoccasionbutalsostrengthensthecommunity’sspiritualconnectionwiththeirlivestock.Theseritualshighlightthespiritualimportanceofcattle,seenasalinkbetweenthephysicalandspiritualworlds,thusfirmlyestablishingtheircentralroleinMaasaiculture.Translation(15分)Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.農(nóng)忙季節(jié)，這個偏遠的小村子顯得空蕩蕩的。(desert)(漢譯英)上海博物館的埃及展太火爆了，根本搶不到票。(impossible)(漢譯英)雖然這部經(jīng)典老片在1998年首映，但當(dāng)它本月重新上映時，依然在影迷中引起了極大的反響。(release)(漢譯英)這位原本深耕于科研領(lǐng)域的女學(xué)者，憑借自己堅持不懈的努力，歷經(jīng)極度嚴苛的訓(xùn)練，最終成為了一名宇航員。(engage)(漢譯英)GuidedWriting(25分)Directions:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.56. 假設(shè)你是明啟中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李明，近日有一位外國視頻博主Mike正在中國旅行，他計劃制作一期關(guān)于中國的視頻?，F(xiàn)在他向廣大網(wǎng)友征集相關(guān)視頻素材，視頻打算聚焦中國近年來的快速發(fā)展與變化，例如：高速鐵路(high-speedtrains)、共享單車(sharedbicycles)、移動支付(mobilepayment)、網(wǎng)上購物(onlineshopping)、外賣餐飲(fooddelivery)等方面。請你給他寫一封郵件，為他提供具體的素材建議。內(nèi)容須包括：1.推薦你認為最具代表性的素材(1~2個)；2.結(jié)合自身經(jīng)歷給出理由。