陜西省高考英語語法與詞匯知識答題技巧省公開課一等獎全國示范課微課

語法與詞匯知識答題技巧——年陜西高考英語輔導(2)

王軍龍1/61

【合作探究】

探究問題1.單項選擇題基本答題思緒和答題技巧分別是什么？方式：師生共同完成全國I和全國II中單項選擇題，并歸納做單項選擇題思緒與技巧。2/61（全國II卷）⒍–Whatshallwedotonightthen–___.whateveryouwant.A.HelpyourselfB.It’sadeal C.NoproblemD.It’suptoyou⒎Hemissed___goldinthehighjump,butwillget___secondchanceinthelongjump.A.the;the B.不填;a C.the;a D.a;不填⒏Thatevening,___Iwilltellyoumoreaboutlater,Iendedupworkingverylate.A.that B.which C.what D.when⒐Sarahmade___totheairportjustintimetocatchherplanethismorning.A.herself B.this C.that D.it⒑Tonylentmethemoney,___thatI’ddoasmuchforhim.A.hoping B.tohope C.hoped D.havinghoped3/61⒒Ihadhardlygottotheoffice___mywifephonemetogobackhomeatonce.A.when B.than C.until D.after⒓We___topaintthewholehousebutfinishedonlythefrontpartthatday. A.setabout B.setupC.setout D.setdown⒔Nexttobiology,Ilikephysics___.A.better B.best C.thebetter D.verywell⒕–---DidyouaskSophiaforhelp–-----I___needto–Imanagedperfectlywellonmyown. A.wouldn’t B.don’t C.didn’t D.won’t⒖Theoldmansatinfrontofthetelevisioneveryevening,happy___anythingthathappenedtobeon. A.towatch B.watching C.watched D.tohavewatched4/61⒗100℃isthetemperature___whichwaterwillboil. A.for B.at C.on D.of⒘I’mgoingtoEuropeonvacationtogetherwithJohnifI___findthemoney.A.can B.mightC.wouldD.need⒙Themanager___theworkershowtoimprovetheprogramsince9a.m. A.hastold B.istelling C.hasbeentelling D.willhavetold⒚TheHarryPotterbooksarequitepopular;theyareingreat___inthiscity. A.quantity B.progress C.production D.demand⒛–Trynottoworkyourselftoohard.Takeiteasy.–Thanks.___A.Sowhat B.Noway. C.Whatfor D.You,too.5/61【分析結(jié)論】判斷語法和詞匯知識類題目標基本思緒和方法：【基本思緒】快----快速瀏覽備選項和題干

準----準確判定考點和信息點

狠----毫不猶豫地確認答案【基本方法】分析歸納

掌握考點限時訓練

找出弱點專題訓練總結(jié)歸納6/61【即學即練】（全國I卷）21.-Whichoneofthesedoyouwant-_______Eitherwilldo.A.Idon'tmindB.I'msureC.NoproblemD.Goahead22.Sarahlookedatfinishedpaintingwith__________satisfaction.A.不填;aB.a;theC.the;不填D.the;a23."Lifeislikewalkinginthesnow",Grannyusedtosay,"becauseeverystep.”A.hasshownB.isshowingC.showsD.showed24.Itisbynomeansclearthepresidentcandotoendthestrike.A.howB.whichC.thatD.what25.Idon‘tbelievewe’vemetbefore,Imustsayyoudolookfamiliar.A.thereforeB.althoughC.sinceD.unless7/6126.Theresultisnotveryimportanttous,butifwedowin,thensomuch

A.thebestB.bestC.betterD.thebetter27.Maryisreallygoodattakingnotesinclass.Shecan_______almosteverywordherteachersays.A.putoutB.putdownC.putawayD.puttogether28.Thepartywillbeheldinthegarden,weather________.A.permittingB.topermitC.permittedD.permit29.Thisrestaurantwasn't

thatotherrestaurantwewentto.A.halfasgoodasB.ashalfgoodasCasgoodashalfD.goodashalfas30.I

useaclocktowakemeupbecauseatsixo‘clockeachmorningthetraincomes

bymyhouse.A.couldn'tB.mustn'tC.shouldn'tD.needn't8/6131.LarryasksBillandPetertogoonapicnicwithhim,but___

ofthemwantsto,becausetheyhaveworktodo.A.eitherB.anyC.neitherDnone32.Filmhasamuchshorterhistory,especiallywhen

suchartformsasmusicandpainting.A.havingcomparedtoB.comparingtoC.comparetoD.comparedto33.Ihadbeenworkingonmathforthewholeafternoonandthenumbers

beforemyeyes.A.swimB.swumC.swamD.hadswum34.Youhavetomoveoutoftheway

thetruckcannotgetpastyou

A.soB.orCandD.but35.Ifshedoesn'twanttogo,nothingyoucansaywill

her.ApersuadeB.promiseC.inviteD.support9/61探究問題2.近幾年陜西高考單項選擇題命題特點、主要考點、難點與重點分別是什么？方式：師生共同分析陜西考卷、年單項選擇題，并完成下表：10/61~陜西單項選擇題考點回顧考點非謂語動詞動詞時態(tài)或語態(tài)動詞或短語動詞情態(tài)動詞虛擬語氣定語從句狀語從句名詞性從句特殊句式冠詞介詞代詞名詞或主謂一致交際用語15222419231714182025（省略）111312162113141117251221161820192422152311/61命題特點1.覆蓋面廣

三年考題都包括以下考點：1）動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)；2）動詞非謂語形式；3）動詞及動詞詞組辨析；4）情態(tài)動詞；5）連詞；6）代詞（尤其是不定代詞）；7）主謂一致；8）強調(diào)句式；9）交際用語；10）冠詞；11）狀語從句；12）定語從句；13）倒裝句；14）名詞性從句;句15)省略等。

12/612.突出動詞---主要表達在復合句和非謂語動詞考查及名詞和動詞使用方法考查上。年題與動詞相關題目是8個；年題與動詞相關題目有7個。由此可見，動詞是英語“靈魂”，是高考考查重點之重點，所以同學們要尤其重視動詞使用方法復習與強化。

難點------非謂語動詞、詞語辨析、三大從句等。13/613.題干設置-----“知識化，語境化和交際化”

題中沒有出現(xiàn)以前所謂偏﹑怪﹑難題。題干大部分比較靈活﹑簡短，語境自然。14/614.考點設置與以往題目相同，略有微變5.題干變得較長，題干句語義結(jié)構(gòu)趨于復雜化，語言信息量越來越大，不過有效信息由外現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)為隱藏。

15/61啟示1.詞義辨析類試題逐年變難1.Someinsects________thecoloroftheirsurroundingstoprotectthemselves.（年題）A.takeinB.takeoffC.takeonD.takeout2.---Wouldyougetmeabarofchocolatefromthekitchen,dear（年題）----oneA.OtherB.EveryC.AnotherD.More3.Anagreementseemstobeimpossiblebecausethemajorityofthecommitteemembersare______it.（年題）A.againstB.for C.to D.with4.Hehadtopausefromtimetotimetowipethesweatfromhisforehead,becausetheair-conditioningsystem____.（年題）A.brokeinB.brokeup C.brokeout D.brokedown16/615.AlthoughRosemaryhadsufferedfromaseriousillnessforyears,shelost

ofherenthusiasmforlife.（年題）

A.someB.neitherC.noneD.all6.Themanagerwantstoseechangesinthecompany,andIamsurehewill

.（年題）

A.inparticularB.inturnC.inchargeD.intime7.Myunclehasn’tbeenabletoquitsmoking,butatleasthehas____________.（年題）

A.cutoutB.cutdownC.cutupD.cutoff技巧點撥：專題訓練，注意語境，熟詞新義！17/61啟示2.時態(tài)類試題設置干擾信息較多，側(cè)重在語境中考查24.—CanIcallyoubackattwoo’clockthisafternoon（年題）—I’msorry,butbythenI______toBeijing.HowaboutfiveA.flyB.willflyC.willbeflyingD.amflying11.OnMondaymorningsitusuallymeanhourstodrivetoworkalthoughtheactualdistanceisonly20miles.（年題）A.takesB.istakingC.tookD.willtake17.Jimalatenightfilmathomewhen,rightinthemiddleofathrillingscene,thetelevisionwentblank.（年題）A.watchedB.hadwatchedC.waswatchingD.wouldbewatching技巧點撥：專題訓練，巧記類型題！18/61啟示3.非謂語動詞類試題考查基礎使用方法15.________inalongqueue,wewaitedforthestoretoopentobuyaNewiPad.A.Standing B.TostandC.StoodD.Stand22.Ifhetakesonthiswork,hewillhavenochoicebut______anevengreaterchallenge.A.meetsB.meetingC.meetD.tomeet13.Letthoseinneed

thatwewillgoallouttohelpthem.A.tounderstandB.understandC.understandingD.understood14.Thewitnesses

bythepolicejustnowgaveverydifferentdescriptionsofthefight.A.questionedB.beingquestionedC.tobequestionedD.havingquestioned19/61探究問題3.怎樣利用以下9種方法巧做單項選擇題？1.語境分析法6.結(jié)構(gòu)類比法2.結(jié)構(gòu)還原法7.關鍵詞提醒法3.結(jié)構(gòu)分析法8.突破思維定勢法4.標點提醒法9.語法定義法5.考點排除法

20/61

1.語境分析法

抓住題干中關鍵信息，就能掌握選擇依據(jù)。在解題時同學們應樹立全局觀和整體觀，認真分析語境準確了解和把握信息并關注關鍵詞句找出突破口。21/61(1)----Istherefogintheevening----There____be.I’llmakeaphonecalltofinditout.mustB.wouldC.willD.might(2)MostoftheEuropeansrefusetoacceptGMfood____Americansregarditasthefruitfromhightech.whenB.asC.whileD.themoment(3)Unfortunately,whenIdroppedin,DoctorLi____forBeijingtojoininthefightagainstSARS,soweonlyhadtimeforafewwords.justleftB.hadjustleftC.isjustleavingD.wasjustleaving(4)Isthereanypossibilityofthefilm____inParisInternationalFestival.beingtriedoutB.tryingoutC.triedoutD.totryout(5)____,butheinsistedthathe____toschool.A.Thoughhewasill;wentB.Havingbeenill;wentC.Havingbeenill;shouldgoD.Hewasill;go22/612.結(jié)構(gòu)還原法即句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析法。很多高考單項選擇題考點實為難度較小簡單句，但命題人往往經(jīng)過加長句式，將陳說句改為疑問或感嘆等句型，使用插入語，采取倒裝和省略等伎倆使簡單句式復雜化,以增加干擾原因。答題時，同學們應經(jīng)過句型分析搞清題干來龍去脈，還原句子原來面目。結(jié)構(gòu)還原法主要有以下八種還原方式：23/611）.將疑問句還原成陳說句。Whomisitupto____thematterdecideB.todecideC.decidingD.decided解析：將題干還原為陳說句：Itisuptosb.todecidethematter.

24/612）

將感嘆句還原成陳說句。_____rolesheplayedinthefilm!NowondershehaswonanOscar.A.HowinterestingB.HowaninterestingC.WhatinterestingD.Whataninteresting

解析：將題干還原為陳說句：Sheplayedaninterestingroleinthefilm.25/613）將被動語態(tài)還原成主動語態(tài)。Ourtimeshouldbemadefulluseof_____.A.studyB.studiedC.studyingD.tostudy

解析：將題干還原為成主動語態(tài)：Weshouldmakefulluseofourtimetostudy.

26/614）將倒裝語序還原成正常語序。Hereisanotebook,inwhich_____thenamesofthevisitors.A.writeB.writtenC.werewrittenD.waswritten

解析：將題干還原為正常語序:Thenamesofthevisitorswerewritteninthenotebook.27/615）將強調(diào)句式還原成普通句式。Itwas____thatresultedintheterriblecaraccident.A.becauseofhercarelessnessB.herbeingcarelessC.becauseshewascarelessD.shewassocareless

解析：將題干還原為普通句式:Herbeingcarelessresultedinthecaraccident.28/616）將先行詞還原到定語從句中。Thestudyyouhavebeenmaking_____theancientChinesecharactersisaninstructivejob.toB.forC.ofD.from解析:把先行詞thestudy還原回定語從句中YouhavebeenmakingthestudyoftheancientChinesecharacters29/61

7）刪除附加結(jié)構(gòu),將復雜句還原成簡單句。Johnplaysfootball____,ifnotbetterthan,David.aswellB.aswellasC.sowellD.sowellas解析:將插入語ifnotbetterthan刪除得出:JohnplaysfootballaswellasDavid.30/618）將省略句還原成完整句子。-----DoyouknowwhatTomdoesallday-----IknowhespendsatleastasmuchtimewatchingTVashe____hislessons.A.isdoingB.doesC.spendsinD.doesdoing將連詞as后從句還原完整,得出:…ashespends(in)doinghis

lessons.

此句中spends可用does來代替.31/61

3.結(jié)構(gòu)分析法

即:英語句子前后關系要一致,包含主謂一致,時態(tài)一致,代詞一致,比較對象一致等等,所以我們能夠利用這種結(jié)構(gòu)方面一致性準確、快速判斷題目標正確答案.32/61Themanrushedoutoftheroom,____intohiscarandstartedithurriedly,____togethomeassoonaspossible.A.got;hopedB.getting;andhopedC.got;hopingD.getting;hoped解析：從and可知,此題考查三個謂語動詞rushed,got和started并列,

時態(tài)要一致,所以第一空要填got,而第二空hoping是伴隨狀語.33/612.Writteninahurry,_________.PetermademanymistakesinthepaperTherearemanymistakesinthepaperwefoundsomemistakesinthepaperthepaperisfullofmistakes解析：分詞做狀語時其邏輯主語必須與主句主語保持一致.此題中writteninahurry邏輯主語應該是paper，所以選擇主語一致D項34/613.ThinkingaboutthefactthatIwasnotpreparedwellenough,and____tolosemyface,Igaveupthecivilserviceexamin.didn’twantB.notwantedC.notwantingD.nottowant解析：此題考查and連接兩個并列狀語,前后形式要一致,notwanting,與前面thinking一致,故選擇D。35/61

4.標點提醒法

即依據(jù)句子中標點符號使用方法，如逗號，分號，破折號等，正確了解句子含義，從而快速確認答案。36/611）OurfirstdestinationwasIndianGreekinKansas.____wasthenthefrontier.A.ThatB.WhichC.WhatD.Then解析：前后句間句號可知,后半句是獨立句子而非從句,所以不能夠在句首使用隸屬連詞.故答案為A。37/612）Everyonewasontimeforthemeeting—_____Chris,who’s

usuallytenminuteslateforeverything.A.butB.onlyC.evenD.yet解析：從破折號可知,符號后面內(nèi)容是對前面句子補充說明。故答案為A。38/613.Theybelievethatthespiritsarewiththebodyofthedeadpersonforthreedays;____there’salwayssomeonetostaywiththedeadbody.A.duringwhichtimeB.duringwhichC.duringwhenD.duringthistime解析：由分號可知后半部分應該是一個獨立句子.故答案應為D。39/614.Tomhasmanyfriends;___canhelphim.A.fewofwhichB.fewofwhomC.fewofthatD.fewofthem

5.Tomhasmanyfriends,___canhelphim.A.fewofwhichB.fewofwhomC.fewofthatD.fewofthem

40/617.

Imetseveralpeoplethere,twoof_____beingforeigners.

A.whom

B.them

C.who

D.which6.

Imetseveralpeoplethere,twoof_____wereforeigners.

A.whomB.themC.whoD.which41/618.Mary,___here—everybodyelse,staywhereyouare.A.comeB.comesC.tocomeD.coming9.Meetingmyuncleafteralltheseyearswasanunforgettablemoment,____Iwillalwaystreasure.A.thatB.oneC.itD.what42/61

5.結(jié)構(gòu)排除法

指排除題干中冗余信息，如：插入語，定語從句，伴隨狀語等；或者排除選項中錯誤選項，然后確認答案方法。43/61

命題者有意地在一個句子中間插入一個從句或插入語，造成主謂隔離。假如將題干中從句或插入語去掉，題干就會變得很簡單。如：

1）去掉從句或插入語Johnplaysfootball____,ifnotbetterthan,David.A.aswell B.aswellas C.sowell D.sowellasThedayswelookedforwardto____atlast.A.comes

B.tocomeC.came

D.coming44/61①LittleJimshouldlove___tothetheatrethisevening.

A.tobetaken B.totakeC.beingtaken D.take分析：首先依據(jù)句意，“小吉姆是被帶到劇院”，應用被動結(jié)構(gòu)，故排除B、D；其次shouldlovetodo相當于wouldliketodo，表示“想做某事”，后接不定式短語，可排除C

2）排除選項中錯誤選項45/61②Mydictionary___.Ihavelookedforiteverywherebutstill____it.A.haslost; don’tfindB.ismissing; don’tfindC.haslost; haven’tfoundD.ismissing; haven’tfound分析：依據(jù)句意“我字典丟了。我處處找不過還沒有找到”，物品丟失能夠說belost,bemissing或begone,據(jù)此排除A、C；其次，這是一個并列句，前后時態(tài)應一致，用現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生動作對現(xiàn)在造成影響；沒有找到字典。所以排除B46/61③、____,Motherwillwaitforhimtohavedinnertogether.A.HoweverlateisheB.HoweverheislateC.HoweverishelateD.Howeverlateheis分析；however引導狀語從句應用陳說語序，排除A、C；其次在該狀語從句中，however后邊要緊接一個形容詞或副詞，排除B47/61

6.結(jié)構(gòu)類比法

高考單項選擇題中總有一定數(shù)目標題在題干設置方面與書本中一些句子在結(jié)構(gòu)上或考點上相同或相類似。而且，當你在閱讀高考題時，考生一定會回想起書本中類似句子。這么，有必要把書本中句子和考題相比較，再選擇答案就應忍而解了。48/61______isknowntoeveryone,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.

A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What.

Aswesay,thedaymustcomewhentheyoungare"grownandflown".（SEFCBook3）4