陜西2020-2024年中考英語(yǔ)五年真題匯編學(xué)生版-專題04 閱讀理解之說(shuō)明文

陜西2020-2024年中考英語(yǔ)五年真題匯編學(xué)生版——專題04閱讀理解之說(shuō)明文【五年考情回顧】年份體裁主題內(nèi)容2024年說(shuō)明文本文主要介紹喬納斯·考夫曼是如何愛(ài)上意大利和它的音樂(lè)的。2023年說(shuō)明文本文主要介紹了幫助學(xué)生養(yǎng)成良好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣，更好地理解化學(xué)的建議。2022年說(shuō)明文本文由動(dòng)物遷徙引出了英語(yǔ)的造詞，告訴我們找出單詞之間的關(guān)系并在一個(gè)或多個(gè)小組中學(xué)習(xí)它們也可以是學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言的一種方式。2020年說(shuō)明文本文介紹了人們是用語(yǔ)言去交流，而習(xí)語(yǔ)是表達(dá)人們想法的一種方式，有的時(shí)候習(xí)語(yǔ)會(huì)引起誤會(huì)，也會(huì)讓人很頭疼，但是另一方面，習(xí)語(yǔ)是了解一種新文化的有趣方式。（2024·陜西·中考真題）SHARETHEMAGICofItaliansongwithJonasKaufmannasheshowsusbothonandoffstage,howhefellinlovewithItalyanditsmusic.“ITALIANSLOVETOSING.Theysinginthestreet.Theysingwhiletheygoabouttheirbusiness.Itisnotjustacliché—inItaly,youseegrown-upmenjustsingingwhiletheywork,becausetheywanttosomehowexpresstheirfeelings.Musicisnotonlytomakeyousmile,musicistomakeyouthink,andsometimestounderstandthatyou’renottheonlyonecarryinggreatproblemswithyou.Byexpressingthatinasong,youcanbetterlivewithit,becausesomebodyfoundtherightwords,therightwaytoexpresswhatyou’refeelingatthatmoment.ThesongsonthisalbumshowthewholerangeofemotionsthatItalianmusiciscapableof,justlikeinopera...”—JonasKaufmannTheword“album”inthetextmeansagroupofsongsorpiecesofmusiconaCD．TheunderlinedpartmeanstherichfeelingsthatItalianmusicisabletoexpress.1．Thesongsonthisalbumaresungin________.A．Russian B．French C．English D．Italian2．FromKaufmann’swords,wecanknow________.A．howmuchItalianslovemusic B．howhecreatedhismusicC．hisexperienceoflearningmusic D．hisadviceonmakingmusic3．WhichofthefollowingwouldKaufmannmostprobablyagreeaccordingtothetext?A．Musicisatooltolearnalanguage. B．Musiccanworkasthekeytothedoorofart.C．Musicisthemostbeautifulartform. D．Musiccanmakepeoplelesslonely.（2023·陜西·中考真題）Chemistryisusuallythoughttobemoredifficultthanothersubjects,atleastforthebeginners.Therearesomereasonsforthisidea.Foronething,chemistryhasaveryspecializedvocabulary（學(xué)科專用語(yǔ)匯）.Atfirst,studyingchemistryislikelearninganewlanguage.Also,someconcepts（概念）ofchemistryarehardtounderstand.However,withhardworkandcarefulstudy,youcanfinishthissubjectsuccessfully—andevenenjoyit.Herearesomesuggestionstohelpyoudevelopgoodstudyhabitsandbetterunderstandthetopicsinthebook:●Firstly,attendclassesontime.Listentoyourteacherandtakecarefulnotesinclass.Ifpossible,alwaysreviewthetopicsyoulearninclass,andreviewyournotesonthesameday.●Secondly,thinkcarefullywhetheryoureallyunderstandthemeaningofatermortheuseofanequation（方程式）.Agoodwaytotestyourunderstandingistoexplainaconcepttoaclassmateorsomeoneelse.●Thirdly,payattentiontothingswhichhavesomethingtodowithchemistryinlife.Watchordoexperimentsinclasscarefully.●Fourthly,questionoftenanddonotbeafraidtoaskyourteacherorclassmatesforhelp.Youwillfindthatchemistryismuchmorethannumbers,formulas（分子式）andequations.It’softenusedindailylifejustlikemathandphysics.Onceyoufallinlovewithit,you’llgetlotsoffun.4．Howmanysuggestionsdoesthewritergivethereaders?A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six.5．Thewriterthinksthatagoodwaytotestyourunderstandingoftheformula“H2CO3”isto________.A．writeitontheblackboard B．readitaloudinclassC．explainittosomeoneelse D．a(chǎn)skothersthemeaningofit6．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?A．Chemistryismoreoftenusedthanphysics.B．Someconceptsofchemistryarehardtounderstand.C．Studyingchemistryislikelearningourmotherlanguage.D．Chemistryisusuallythoughttobeasdifficultasothersubjects.7．Thepassageismainlyabout________.A．differencesbetweenchemistryandphysics B．theimportanceofchemistryandphysicsC．whychemistryishardforbeginners D．howstudentsstudychemistry（2022·陜西·中考真題）Doyouknowthewordmigrate?Itisawordusuallyusedtotalkaboutcertainanimalssuchasbirds,fishandsoon.Whenanimalsmigrate,theytravelalongwayfromonepartoftheworldtoanotheraccordingtotheseason.Forexample,swallows(燕子)migratesouthinwinter.Manyanimalsmigrate—theydothisoftenatthesametimeandtothesameplaceeachyear.Theymovetoplaceswhereconditionsarebetter—wheretheweatheriswarmer,wherethereismorefoodandwater,orwheretheiryoungwillbesafer.Peoplealsomigrate.Whenpeoplemigrate,theygotoliveinanotherareaorcountry,especiallyinordertofindwork.InEnglish,whenpeopleleavetheirhomecountryinordertoliveinanothercountry,weusethewordemigrateinsteadofmigrate.Frommigrateandemigratecomethewordsmigrationandemigration.However,ifpeoplemovefromtheirhomecountrytoanothertolivethereforever(永久地),thewordchangesfromemigratetoimmigrateintheEnglishlanguage.Thenthewordimmigrationisborn.Isn’tword-makingoftheEnglishlanguageinteresting?Andcanthisprocess(過(guò)程)offindingouttherelationshipsbetweenwordsandlearningtheminagrouporgroupsbeawayforyoutolearnthelanguage?BasedonLongmanDictionaryofContemporaryEnglish,6thedition.8．WhichofthefollowingsituationscanmatchthemainideaofParagraph1?A．Snakesmoveintoholestosleepinwinter.B．Fishswimtocleanwatersbecauseofpollution.C．Birdsflyveryfarawaytofindfoodandreturntogiveittotheirbabies.D．MonarchbutterfliesinNorthAmericaflysouthtostayawayfromthecold.9．Accordingtothepassage,ifpeople________,theyleavetheirhomecountrytoliveinanotherforever.A．travel B．migrate C．emigrate D．immigrate10．Thepassageiswrittento________.A．introducemigrationofanimals B．tellreadersawayoflearningEnglishC．showhowEnglishwordschange D．explainwhypeoplemigrate（2020·陜西·中考真題）Peopleuselanguagestocommunicate.Anylanguagehasitswaystoexpresspeople’sminds.Oneofthewaysincommonistheuseofidioms.Anidiomisagroupofwords.Ithasaspecialmeaningthatisdifferentfromtheusualmeaning.Forexample,undertheweatherisanidiommeaningill.Sowhenpeoplesay“I’mundertheweather,"theyaresayingthatthey’renotfeelingwell.Anotherexample,inallweathersmeansinallkindsofweather.So,“Therearehomelesspeoplesleepingonthestreetsinallweathers"tellsusthathomelesspeoplesleeponthestreetsnomatterwhetheritiscoldorhot.Differentlanguagesmayhavedifferentwaystomakeidioms.Forpeoplewhoarelearningaforeignlanguage,idiomscouldcausemisunderstandingsandbringthemendlessheadaches.Ontheotherhand,ifthingsaredoneright,idiomscanalsobeafunwayoflookingintoanewcultureandunderstandinghowthepeoplethinkandtalk.Metaphor(比喻)isoftenusedinidioms.Let’sreadthefollowingtwoexamples:●Itmakesmybloodboil(煮沸)whenpeoplelitter.●Thenightwasdarkandquiet;mybloodrancoldwhenIheardastrangenoiseoutsideatdarknight.Inneithersituationabove,ourbloodcanreachthepointsohighorsolowintemperature.Yet,withthesituationsthetwosentencescreated,itisnotdifficulttoworkouttheunhappyfeelingsofreallyangryinthefirstexampleandveryafraidinthesecond.Ofcourse,notallidiomsarethiseasytounderstand.Whenwecometoidiomsofaforeignlanguage,agooddictionaryofidiomsisalwayssuggested.11．Thispassagetellsussomethingabout__________intheEnglishlanguage.A．grammar B．writing C．reading D．idioms12．Ifyourbrotherbreaksyourcomputer,youcansaytohim,“__________.”A．I’mundertheweather B．I’mthereinallweathersC．You’vemademybloodboil D．Mybloodrunscold13．Whatisthewriter’sadvicewhenyoucometoanexpressionlikeundertheweather?A．Weshouldlookitupinagoodidiomdictionary.B．Weshouldtrytoexpressourmindswithit.C．Weshouldfindaninterestingwaytolearnit.D．Weshouldcreatesituationstoguessitsmeaning.（2024·陜西商洛·三模）Youngpeopleenjoydifferentkindsofdrinks,thoughtheyknowhowbaddrinksarefortheirhealth.Whatwillhappentoyouifwatertakestheplaceofalldrinks?ChrisBailey,apopularblogger,triedthisout.Herearetheadvantagesthathehasfoundaboutdrinkingwater.First,youloseweightfaster.Youdon’thavetoexercisebutjustkeepawayfromdrinksfor9days.Sowaterisveryimportant.Itisthesameasrunningfor8kilometersaday!Sowritedownyourresolutiononapieceofpaperandputitonthewall.Andyouwillseetheresultsoon.Sometimeswhenyouhavetostayuplateforatest,youmaydrinkacupofteaorcoffee.Butdoyouknow75to85percentofyourbrainiswater?Nothingelse!Justbydrinkingwater,yourbraincanworkefficiently.Youmayrememberthingsquickly.What’smore,waterwashesoutsomethingbadinyourbody.Sodrinkingenoughwatercanstopyoufromgettingoldsoon.Ifyouwanttolookyoungandbeautiful,drinkwaterrightnow!Keepondoingitforlonger,andyouwillbesurprisedtotouchyoursoftandcleanskin(皮膚).Lastly,yousavemoney!Thepriceofwaterismuchlowerthanthatofotherdrinks.Drinkenoughwatereveryday,orspendmoneyvisitingdoctors.Thinkaboutit!So,whatareyouwaitingfor?14．Youcanwritedown“________”onapieceofpaperaccordingtoParagraph3.A．Takemoreexercise! B．Drinkmorewater!C．Usethebrainmore! D．Savemoremoney!15．Theunderlinedword“efficiently”inParagraph4means“________”.A．well B．badly C．happily D．slowly16．Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A．Thereis25%waterinyourbrain.B．Keepingondrinkingwatermakeshairsoftandclean.C．Stayingawayfromdrinksfor9dayshelpsloseweight.D．Themoneyspentoncoffeeislessthanthatinvisitingdoctors.（2024·陜西商洛·三模）Haveyouheardofthehorse-faceskirts?TheseChineseskirtsdatebacktotheSongDynasty(960—1279).Theyhavebeautifulpatterns(圖案)andfoldsonbothsides.Andthereareopeningsinthefrontandbackoftheskirts.Thisstyleiscalled“mamian”.InSongDynasty,womenusedtowearthehorse-faceskirtswhentheyrodedonkeys(驢)orhorses.Theopeningsmakeitconvenientforwomentogetonandoffthem.Inthenexthundredsofyears,theseskirtshavebecomemoreandmorebeautiful.In2022,manyhanfuloversbegantospreadtheknowledgeoftheskirts.ThishelpedmorepeoplelearnabouttraditionalChineseclothes.“Forus,wearingtheskirtsisnotjustforfashion(時(shí)尚),”saidMao,oneofthehanfulovers,“ItalsoshowsourloveforChineseculture.”Recently,theskirtshavegottenevenmorepopular.ManyfamousChinesepeoplehavewornthemtointernationalevents.AndduringthispastSpringFestival,lotsofyoungpeopleworetheskirtswhentheywentontrips.Peopleinothercountriesliketheseskirts,too.Chineseclothingfactorieshavegottenalotofordersforthemfromabroad.Areportstudiedhowpopulartheskirtswereamongforeignusersofsomeshortvideoapps.Whatdidthereportfind?Lastyear,usersfrommorethan90countriessharedsomethingabouttheskirts!Besidestheskirts,“newChinese-styleclothes”isalsoahottopic.TheseclothesaddtraditionalChinesesymbolstomodernfashion.Theyhavewontheheartsofmanypeoplearoundtheworld.17．Whichisthepictureofahorse-faceskirt?A． B． C． D．18．WhydidwomeninSongDynastywearthehorse-faceskirts?A．Forbeauty. B．Forridinghorsesordonkeys.C．Fordoinghouseworkathome. D．ForshowingtheirloveforChineseculture.19．Whatdidthereportfindaboutthehorse-faceskirtsinParagraph5?A．Theyappearinallusers’videos. B．Theyaremoreexpensivethanbefore.C．Theyhavegottentheworld’sattention. D．Theyhavechangedwesternfashion.20．Thepassagemostprobablycomesfromthe________partofamagazine.A．Sports B．Business C．Travel D．Culture（2024·陜西渭南·二模）Plantsarerooted(扎根)inoneplace.Theycan’trunawayfromdangerorwalkoverthesunnysideofthegarden.Sotheyhavetodevelopsomespecialwaystoprotectthemselvesandgrowinthenature.Somescientistsfoundthatplantscansensetheirsurroundings.You’veallseenplantsgrowtowardslightwhichiscalledphototropism(向光性).Evenifthetopofthemarecutoff,theplantsdon’tchangethedirection.Theysensethelightandtelltherestoftheplantshowtogrowthen.Someplants“talk”witheachotherbyusing“airmail”towarneachotherofdanger.ResearchersinEnglandcuttheleavesofcabbages.Thecabbagesthenproduceatinynumberofchemicals(化學(xué)物質(zhì))thatprotectthemselvesfromsomeinsects.Strangely,thecabbageswhicharen’tcutnearbyalsobegintogiveofftheirowndifferentchemicals.Thatmeanstheyseemtoreceiveawarningfromtheircabbageneighbors.Mostamazingly,plantshaveagreatsystemofcommunicationthatcanconnectnearlyeveryplantinaforestbyfungi(真菌).Itconnectstherootsofdifferentplantstoeachother.Scientistscallthesystemthe“woodwideweb”,similartotheInternetweuse.Usingthenetwork,plantscancommunicateandshareinformationandevenfoodwitheachother.Whateverthecase,plantsarestrangerandmorewonderfulthanwecanimagine.21．Picture________showstheword“phototropism”.A． B． C． D．22．Wecanfindtheanswertothequestion“________”inthethirdparagraph.A．Whydothecabbagesproducethechemicals?B．HowdothecabbagesgrowbiggerinEngland?C．HowmanyresearchersarethereinEngland?D．Whendidtheresearchersdotheexperiment?23．Inwhichpartofamagazinecanwefindthepassage?A．Art. B．Nature. C．Culture. D．Sports.（2024·陜西西安·二模）ZhengHuanhasadeeplovefornature.“Sunshine,air,water,plantsandanimals...Theyarethemostimportantthingsonourplanet.However,manypeoplehaven’trealizedit,”Zhengsaid.“What’sworse,climatechangeisgreatlyaffectingbiodiversity(生物多樣性)andourenvironment.”Zhengdecidedtomakeachange.ShesetuptheYouthLeaderFundandbeganworkingwithgamecompaniesandartists.Togethertheyhavemadeclimatechangeathingthatcanbeseen,feltanddealtwith.ZhenghasbeenworkingonagamecalledGuardiansofEarth.Playerstakepicturesofdifferentkindsofplantsandanimalstoearnpointsinthegame.“Thegamehaschangedmyideasaboutplantsandanimals.Theyhaveallbecomealiveandmeaningfultome,”oneplayersaid.AnotherprojectZhengishelpingwithisondigital(數(shù)字的)artworksaboutclimatechange.Sheinvitedartiststocreatepiecesbasedonasci-finovelAI2041,whichtalkedabouthowAIwouldaffecttheenvironmentinthefuture.“Onlinepaintingscanreachmorepeopleinashortertime,”Zhengsaid.“Iwanttoincreasepeople’sunderstandingofnatureinbeautifulandfuturisticways,”sheadded.Zheng’sworkhasgotwideattentionandpraise.Shehopesonedaybiodiversityandclimatechangewillbecomeoldideas—likesomethingthatisrooted(植根于)inpeople’shearts.24．ZhengsetuptheYouthLeaderFundto________.A．learnfromartists B．getclosertonatureC．fightagainstclimatechange D．makemorepeoplegetinterestedinnature25．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutthebookAI2041?A．Itbecamepopularinaveryshorttime. B．ItisabouttheadvantagesofAI.C．ItwaswrittenbyZhengHuan. D．Itisasci-finovel.26．Wheremayyoufindthepassage?A．Inaguidebook. B．Inamagazineaboutnature.C．Inahistorytextbook. D．Inasciencefiction.（2024·陜西咸陽(yáng)·二模）Howdoyouusuallysleep—barefoot(赤腳)orwithsockson?Scientistshavefoundthatwearingsockstobedcanhelpyoufallasleepmorequickly.Isn’tthatamazing?Thetemperatureofyourinternalorgans(內(nèi)臟器官)iscalledyourcorebodytemperature(核心體溫).Duringtheday,yourcorebodytemperaturestaysaround37degrees.Overthecourseofsevenoreighthoursofsleep,itdropsbyasmuchas1.2degrees.Howdoesthishappen?Well,whenyourbraindecidesthatyourinternalorgansshouldcooldown,itwillwidenyourbloodvessels(血管).Thewarmerbloodfromyourbody’scorewillthenflowtotherestofyourbody.Inthisway,yourcorebodytemperaturegraduallydrops.Thisprocessisimportantforfallingasleep.Infact,thefasteryourbody’scorecoolsdown,thefasteryouwillgettosleep.Accordingtoscientists,wearingsockscanhelpwidenyourbloodvessels.This,inturn,lowersyourcorebodytemperatureandhelpsyoufallasleepmorequickly.Ifyouhavetroublegettingtosleep,whynotgiveitatry?Takeawarmfootbathbeforebedandputonyoursocks.You’llprobablyfallasleepfifteenminutesfasterthanusual!27．Whatisthecorrectorderaboutyourcorebodytemperature’schange?a.Thebrainwidensyourbloodvessels.b.Thebraindecidesinternalorgansshouldcooldown.c.Yourcorebodytemperaturegraduallydrops.d.Thewarmerbloodflowstotherestofyourbody.A．b→c→a→d B．b→a→d→c C．c→d→a→b D．c→a→b→d28．Ifyoucan’tgotosleepquickly,youcan________.A．listentomusicanddoexercise B．drinksomemilkandlistentomusicC．takeawarmfootbathandwearsocks D．takeawarm.bathanddoexercise29．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．DroppingBodyTemperature B．SleepingonTimeC．TakingTemperatureCorrec