專題40 9AU8-2023年牛津譯林版初中英語單元知識點一遍過（江蘇專用）

9AU8-2023年牛津譯林版初中英語單元知識點一遍過（江蘇專用）過單詞短語過單詞短語Adetectiveissomeonewholooksforcluestosomethingimportant.（1）detective名詞，“偵探”形容詞，“偵探的，detectivenovel偵探小說（2）clue名詞，“線索，提示”theclueto…………的線索Whathappened?Amurder?（1）happen的用法：sthhappentosb某人發(fā)生某事sbhapepentodosth某人碰巧做某事【拓展】happen與takeplace的用法異同點murder動詞，“謀殺，殺害”名詞“謀殺案，謀殺”murderer名詞，“兇手”Myfoodhasgonemissing.（1）missing形容詞，“缺失的，丟失的”【拓展】missing與gonemissing“丟失的，缺失的,下落不明的，失蹤的”Thereisapagemissinginthemiddleofthebook在那本書的中間少了一頁。（2）gone是go的過去分詞，意思是“失去的”，有“一去不復返”之意themissingboygomissingWehavemadenotesonallofthem.（1）make/takenotes“做記錄，做筆記”makenotesonsb“給某人做筆記/記錄”……ofmediumheightanduntidy（1）medium形容詞，“中等的”mediumheight中等身高awomanofmediumheight中等身高的一個婦女ofmediumheight介詞短語作后置定語Sb.beofmediumheight某人中等身高Theyallsaythatthey’renotguilty.（1）guilty形容詞，“內(nèi)疚的，有罪的”beguiltyof……犯……罪例句：we’veallbeenguiltyofselfishnessatsometimeinourlives.IguessJimmyWhiteislying.（1）guess“猜測”haveaguess猜一猜（2）lie“說謊”過去式：lie-lied-liedlie“躺，，平躺”lie-lay-laintotellyouthetruth實話告訴你不可數(shù)名詞trueadj.真實的trulyadv.真誠地Thepolicehaveconfirmedthatthevictimwasacomputerengineer.（P108）（1）confirm動詞，“證實，確認”（2）victim受害者，遇難者HewaslastseenleavinghisofficeinEastTownatabout7amyesterday.（1）seesbdoingsth看到某人正在做某事被動；sbbeseendoing【拓展】see/watch/hear.noticesbdo/doingsth注意：see/watch/hear.noticesbdosth.變被動語態(tài)時要加上省略的toTheyarestillworkingatthesceneofthecrimetofindoutwhetherthevictimwaskilledsomewhereelseandthenbroughttoWestTown,orkilledattheplacewherehewasfound.（1）crime名詞，“罪行，犯罪活動”commitacrime犯罪（2）findout與find的區(qū)別find意為“找到”“發(fā)現(xiàn)”,強調(diào)“找”的結(jié)果,其賓語往往是某個丟失的東西或人.如：—DidyoufindLiMingyesterday?你昨天找到李明了嗎?—No,welookedforhimeverywhere,butdidn'tfindhim．沒有.我們到處找了,但沒有找到他.findout表示通過分析、思考等“弄清楚”“查明”一件事情,如：Pleasefindoutwhenthetrainleaves．請查一下火車什么時候離站.（3）somewhere副詞，“在某處”，常用語肯定句中，形容詞一般位于其后Thevictimwaswoundedwithaknifeandbledtodeathasaresult.（1）wound動詞，“使……受傷”強調(diào)刀傷，槍傷woundsb使某人受傷wounded形容詞，“受傷的，負傷的”bewoundedwith+武器by+人（2）bleed動詞，“流血”bleedtodeath流血致死blood名詞，“血”However,accordingtotherecord,hewasguiltyofcomputercrimesinthepast.（1）beguiltyof……犯……罪“Hewaschargedwithbreakingintoseveralcomputersystemsoverthelastyear”saidDetectiveLu.（1）bechargedwithsth/doingsth“被指控某事、做某事”主動結(jié)構(gòu)：chargesbwith……指控某人有……罪break短語：breakinto突然闖入breakdown拋錨，出故障breakout（戰(zhàn)爭、災難等）爆發(fā)“We’renotsurewhetherthismadehimanyenemies”enemy名詞，“敵人”makeanenemyofsb與某人為敵注意:詞義“反對者”，注意復數(shù)和所有格，復數(shù)形式為enemiesWesupposethatthevictimknewhismurder.Isuppose+that從句如果是否定句，要否定前移為Idon’tsupposethatWhatdoyousupposehewilldo?放在疑問詞后注意疑問句要改為陳述句語序。besupposedtodo=shoulddo(注意被動)Awitnessreportedthathewasbreathingheavilyandhadbloodonhisshirt.breathe動詞，“呼吸”（2）breath名詞，“呼吸”takeadeepbreath深呼吸outofbreath上氣不接下氣(3)reportsth.tosb.向某人舉報某事Itisreportedthat據(jù)報道……reportern.記者Thevictim’sparentshaveofferedarewardof￥50,000foranyinformationthatleadstothearrestofthemurderer.（P109）（1）reward名詞，“報酬，獎賞”常常與介詞for連用（2）arrest名詞，“逮捕，拘捕”underarrest被捕arrest動詞，“逮捕，拘捕”arrestsbcommitacrime犯罪注意雙寫尾字母改過去式/過去分詞/現(xiàn)在分詞9A需要雙寫尾字母的動詞有：controlprefercommit19.Itturnedoutthathehadnothingtodowiththecase.Itturnedout+that從句turnouttobeadj.havesomethingtodowith與……有關havenothingtodobutdo別無選擇只能做某事Hewasinahurrytocatchabus.他忙著去趕公共汽車。固定句型：beinahurrytodosthhurrytodosth22.amanofgreatwealth同義句轉(zhuǎn)換：awealthymanofwealth/wealthy23.Hewasonceinprisonfor6months.inprison坐牢（零冠詞）inspace在太空中inpublic在公共場合24.Weshouldremembertolockthedoorwhenweleavehome.例句Heforgottolockthedoorthismorning.lockedadj.鎖上的25.We’dbettershutallthewindowstoo.shut-shut-shut-shuttingshut的用法：動詞關閉，封閉形容詞關閉的，停業(yè)的26.Weneedtoguardagainstanypossibledangeraroundus.guardvt.守衛(wèi)，保衛(wèi)guardagainst防范，提防couple表示夫妻做主語要看作復數(shù)\ThecouplehavegonetoShanghai.couplen.幾個，數(shù)個acoupleof加可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)表示幾個Iboughtacoupleofkeyrings.28.kidnapvt.綁架，劫持kidnappern.綁架者29.theft名詞偷竊罪thiefn.小偷(thieves)stealvt.偷(steal-stole-stolen)30.jewellery珠寶總稱，不可數(shù)名詞31.getalong/onwith與……和睦相處getalong/on___well____(好)withsb/sth.問句：___How___(how/what)doyougetalong/onwithyourfriends?你能想到一些保護自己遠離犯罪的安全提示嗎？Canyouthinkofanysafetytipstoprotectyourselvesagainstcrime?沒有人知道他做什么謀生。Nooneknowswhathedoesforaliving.WhenEdisonwasyoung,he____D_____bysellingnewspapersonthetrain.A.doesalivingB.makealivingC.hadearnedalivingD.madealiving過語法 過語法定語從句知識點1：什么是定語定語為句子的次要成分，起修飾限制名詞或代詞的作用，可分為前置定語和后置定語。一般由形容詞性物主代詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式、分詞(短語)或句子充當。Hisfatherisadoctor.他父親是一名醫(yī)生。Mr.Greenhastwosons.格林先生有兩個兒子。ThegirlunderthetreeisKate.在樹底下的那個女孩是凱特。Abarkingdogseldombites.吠狗很少咬人。Mostofthepeoplehereknoweachother.這里大多數(shù)人互相認識。Amangoingtodieisalwayskind-hearted.人之將死，其言也善。Thesuggestionsenttothecommitteewasadopted.送往委員會的建議被采納了。DoyouknowthemanwhoisstandingnexttoMr.Green?你認識站在格林先生旁邊的那個人嗎？知識點2：定語從句的定義在復合句中作定語的從句叫做定語從句。被定語從句修飾的詞叫做先行詞。定語從句必須放在先行詞之后。引導定語從句的關聯(lián)詞叫做引導詞。知識點3：引導詞引導定語從句的關系詞有關系代詞和關系副詞。關系代詞和關系副詞放在先行詞及定語從句之間起連接作用,同時又作定語從句的重要成分。常見的關系代詞包括that,which,who,whom,whose.關系副詞包括where,when,why.不論關系代詞還是關系副詞，都應放于先行詞和定語從句之間，起聯(lián)系作用，但它們都要在定語從句中起語法作用，充當一個成分。如關系代詞在定語從句中作主語，賓語或者定語，而關系副詞則是作狀語。關系代詞的用法關系代詞在從句中的功能指代內(nèi)容that作主語或賓語指人或物which作主語或賓語指物（可與that互換）who作主語(在口語或非正式文體中也常用作賓語，此時可省略)指人（可與that互換）whom是who的賓格,作賓語，可省略指人whose是who的所有格,作后面名詞的定語指人或物1）that引導的定語從句，that在從句中做主語或賓語、指代表示人或物的先行詞。作賓語時可省略，不能放在介詞后面作賓語.(that指人時，相當于who或者whom；指物時，相當于which)Theletter(that/which)Ireceivedwasfrommyfather.Ican’tfindtheletterthat/whichcamethismorning.Doyoustillrememberthedays(that/which)wespenttogether?2）which－指物，作主語，不能省略；作賓語，可以省略。Isawthecatthat/whichhaswhitehair.Ilikethebookswhich/thatyoulenttomeyesterday.3）who－般指人，作主語，不能省略；作賓語，可以省略，whom引導的定語從句whom在從句中作賓語,修飾表示人的先行詞。Thisisthemanwhohelpedme.Theboywho/whomwesawyesterdayisJohn’sbrother.Thedoctor(whom)youarelookingforisintheroom.Theperson(whom)youjusttalkedtoisMr.Li.=ThepersontowhomyoujusttalkedisMr.Li.Thebabieswhomthenursesarelookingafterareveryhealthy.4）whose引導的定語從句,whose在從句中作定語，修飾表示人或物的先行詞。DoyouknowthewomanwhosenameisMary.Passmethedictionarywhosecoverisblack.Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.2.關系副詞的用法指代對象先行詞關系副詞時間時間先行詞：day,year,date,time等when地點地點先行詞：theplace,thecity,Beijing等where原因原因先行詞：thereasonwhyIstillrememberthedaywhenIcametothiscity.BeijingistheplacewhereIwasborn.Isthisthereasonwhyherefusedouroffer?知識點2：關系代詞只能用that，而不能用which的情況1)當先行詞被為不定代詞。如：Thereisnothing(that)Icansayaboutit.2）先行詞為形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級修飾時。如：ThisisthebestbasketballmatchthatIhaveeverseen.3）先行詞被theonly或thevery修飾時。如：Theonlythingthatwecandoistoaskourteachers’help.Isthistheverymuseumthatyouvisitedtheotherday?4)先行詞為序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾時。如：ThefirstEnglishfilmthatIsawwas“OliverTwist”.WhenforeignerstalkaboutChina,thefirstthatcomestomindistheGreatWall.5）被修飾的先行詞被any,all,much,no,little,few等修飾時。如：Iaminterestedinallthatyouhavetoldme.Thereisn’tmuchthatIcando.Heisoneofthefewthatcanworkitoutinfiveminutes.6）先行詞既包含人又包含物時。例如：Theytalkedaboutthefactoriesandworkersthattheyhadvisited.7).當主句以who或which開頭時，定語從句的關系詞用thatWhoisthegirlthatspoketoyoujustnow?Whichisthepenthatyoulost?知識點3：關系代詞只能用which不用that的情況1.引導非限制性定語從句時,例如:Sheheardaterriblenoise,whichbroughtherhearttohermouth.2.當關系代詞做介詞賓語時,例如:Hewroteabookinwhichhecouldlearnabouthislife.引導詞“which”作了介詞“in”的賓語,所以不可以用“that”代替.【例題精講】1.ThisistheT-shirt_______mymotherboughtmeyesterday.A.that B.who C.whom D.this2.Isthisthepark______youvisitedwithyourclassmateslastweek?A.one B.which C.who D.whom3.Thelesson______welearnedthismorningwaseasytounderstand.A.who B.that C.which D.bothBandC4.Mycousinworksinafactory_______makeschildren’stools.A.that B.when C.who D.what5.Pleaseshowmethewatch______yourgrandmotherboughtyouasthebirthdaypresent.A.whom B.whose C.which D.this6.Theman_______livesnexttousisfromAustralia.A.which B.who C.what D./7.Thecars______________inGermanysellvery___________.A.whichproduce,good B.thatareproducing,wellC.thatproduce,badly D.whichareproduced,well8.Thenumberofpeople_____________losthomesreachedasbigas80,000.A.which B.who C.whom D./9.Theumbrellaisnottheonlything_____ismissing.A.that B.which C.what D.who10.Thisisthehousein___________LuXunlivedwhenhewasyoung.A.which B.that C.who D./【答案】ABDACBDBAA重難點訓練重難點訓練一、單項選擇1.Couldyoutellmethewayto____________Johnson,please?Sorry,wedon'thave___________Johnsonhereinthisvillage.A.the;the B.the;a C./;the D.the;/2.Davidwascharged__________robbingabank.Infact,hewasn'tguilty_________it.A.of;with B.of.;of C.with;of D.with;3.Itisreportedthatthefloodshavemadeabout_________peoplehomeless.Atwothousand B.two-thousands C.twothousandsD.twothousandsof4.Theoldladyworries_________thatsheoftenfeelsmuch____________.A.somuch;morestressed B.toomuch;morestressedC.somuch;lessstressed D.toomuch;lessstressed5.Ileftmykeys____________inthehousebutIcan'tfindthem____________.A.anywhere;everywhere B.somewhere;anywhereC.somewhere;everywhere D.everywhere;anywhere6.Theelderlycouple,whosesonwasmurdered,_______still__________.A.is;takengoodcareof B.are;takengoodcareC.are;takengoodcareof D.is;takengoodcare7.Whydon'tyou__________hisadviceandmakesomenotes?A.get B.listen C.bring D.take8.Itisreallydifficultforpeopletofinda_____________. A.wellpaidwork B.wellpaidjob C.well-paidwork D.well-paidjob9.Ithassomethingtodowiththenewenergywhich_________animportantroleinourlife.A.plays B.toplay C.playing D.play10.Peterdidn'ttellme____________________.A.helivedinwhichroom B.whichroomdidheliveinC.toliveinwhichroom D.whichroomtolivein11.Idon'tknowhowlong_________________?A.hashebeenaway B.hehasleftC.hehadbeenaway D.hewillbeaway12.Whatlanguageisthatguyspeaking?Icanhardlycatchasingleword!___________________.He'sfromIndia,soIguessitisHindi.A.NeitherIcanB.NeithercanI C.SoIcanD.SocanI13.It____________thatthesuspectmaylive__________.A.reports;aloneB.isreported;aloneC.reports;lonelyD.isreported;lonely14.Thepolicebelievethatthemurder___________9p.m.and11p.m.yesterday.A.washappenedat B.happenedatC.tookplacebetween D.wastakenplacebetween15.Couldyouanswerthisquestion,please?_________________.A.Yes,Icould B.No,Icouldn't C.Nevermind D.Well,letmetry【答案】1-5.BCAAB 6-10.CDDAD 11-15.DBBCD二、詞匯拼寫1.—HowwasyourjourneytoHainanIsland?—Itwasreally___________(bore).Wejuststayedinthehotelbecauseitwasrainingmostofthetime.2.Peoplethink______________(high)ofTan’sworksbecausehebringsthesoundsofnatureandmusicalinstrumentstogethersuccessfully.3.Ithinkyourworksisvery______________(please)becauseyoucreateditinadifferentway.4.WhenhewenttostudyintheCentralConservatoryofMusic,hegottoknowanumberofgreat_____(music).5.Astheartfestivalisopentoallthestudentsandparents,everybodyis_____________(welcome).6.HedidnotgototheBiologyclass,but______________(上)theEnglishclass.7.Classicalmusicisquiteserious,andhasa_______________(永久的)value.8.Sandyblewhardtomakethepaintruninall_______________(方向)andmadeawonderfulpicture.9.Thedogsarealwaysrubbingagainstthewallandmaking_____________(污跡),whicharenoteasilyremoved.10.Folkwasfirstcreatedina_______________(傳統(tǒng)的)style,andhasstronglocalcolor.11.Withthereform(改革)oftheentranceexaminationsystem,nowmoreandmoreseniorhighschoolgraduatesinWesternChinawillgoon_______________(study)inthecollege.12.—Look!Theboyiscryinghardoverthere.—Yes,he______________(lose)hisnewtoy.13.Eachwinner_______________(present)withagoldmedalattomorrow’sgame.14.Afterawhile,wesawAmy________(run)towardsus,andshesaid,“I’mlatebecausetherewastoomuchtrafficontheroad”.15.Theyarereallygreatbecausetheymakeupsongswhile__________(dance)onthestage.16.________(make)anewtype—musicwithboundaries,TanDunmixedtraditionalChinesemusicandmodernWesternmusictogetherinthisworks. 17.Welldone!Wearethe__________________(獲勝者)intherace．18.LiuHuanisoneofmyfavorite____________________(音樂家).19.Therearealotof________________（tradition）snacks.20.Without__________________(say)goodbye,helefttheroominahurry.【答案】boring2.highly3.pleasant4.musicians5.welcome6.attendedlasting8.directions9.marks10.traditional11.tostudy12.haslost13.willbepresented14,running15.dancing16.Tomake17.winners18.musicians19.traditional20.saying三、用單詞的適當形式填空1.Ireallywanttofindmy(miss)purse.Thereislotsofmoneyinit.2.Pleasetellyourmotherthe____________becauseshe___________believesyourwords.(true)3.MaryalwayshasmoredifficultythanLily_______________(lie)toherclosestfriend.4.Itissaidthatthose________________(murder)fingerprintshavebeenfound.5.Afterthegame,allthestudentswereoutof_______________(breathe)6.NootherstudentsexceptJimwereseen____________(use)thebookwhenMr.Lienteredtheclassroom.☆7.Payattention!Allthesewordsshouldn’tbepronounced________________(correct).8.Howcanyouleavethisplacemuch__________(tidy)thanbefore?Wouldyoupleasecleanitup?9.Nancyisagoodwomanandshehasno___________(crime)record.10.Weareallverysadtohearthatmorethan30youngpeoplelosttheirlives.Whatapity!Iftheycanbetaken