專題07 助動(dòng)詞-小學(xué)語(yǔ)法精講精練（附口訣、練習(xí)和答案）

小學(xué)語(yǔ)法小學(xué)語(yǔ)法精講精練專題07助動(dòng)詞思考引入思考引入 這個(gè)助動(dòng)詞看起來(lái)很眼熟啊!這個(gè)助動(dòng)詞看起來(lái)很眼熟啊!既然眼熟,那你來(lái)說(shuō)說(shuō)在哪里見(jiàn)過(guò)它吧!既然眼熟,那你來(lái)說(shuō)說(shuō)在哪里見(jiàn)過(guò)它吧!我們之前學(xué)陳述句和疑問(wèn)句的時(shí)候就見(jiàn)過(guò)呀,我還記得有一種疑問(wèn)句就是"助動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+其他"構(gòu)成的。我們之前學(xué)陳述句和疑問(wèn)句的時(shí)候就見(jiàn)過(guò)呀,我還記得有一種疑問(wèn)句就是"助動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+其他"構(gòu)成的。對(duì)!我們今天要學(xué)的就是這個(gè)助動(dòng)詞。助動(dòng)詞,顧名思義就對(duì)!我們今天要學(xué)的就是這個(gè)助動(dòng)詞。助動(dòng)詞,顧名思義就是起輔助作用的動(dòng)詞。助動(dòng)詞不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ),通常與實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成各種時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài),以及否定、疑問(wèn)結(jié)構(gòu)等。今天我們要學(xué)習(xí)4個(gè)常見(jiàn)的助動(dòng)詞:do,will,be,have。知識(shí)概覽知識(shí)概覽知識(shí)精講知識(shí)精講一、助動(dòng)詞dodo作助動(dòng)詞時(shí)，主要與動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在和一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中，有do,does,did三種形式。1.do,does用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)(1)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是“I,you,we,they”或復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，用doDoyoulikehamburgers?你喜歡漢堡嗎?Whatdotheylike?他們喜歡什么?Idon'thaveafootball.我沒(méi)有足球。Wedon'thaveEnglishonMonday.我們周一沒(méi)有英語(yǔ)課。Theydon'thavetoomuchhomeworktoday.他們今天的家庭作業(yè)不多。(2)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是“she,he,it”或單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，用doesShedoesn'tgoshoppingonSundays.她星期天不去購(gòu)物。Hedoesn'tgotoschooltoday.他今天不去上學(xué)。Howmuchdoesitcosttobecomeamember?要成為會(huì)員得花多少錢(qián)?DoesyourdadgotoworkonSaturdays?你爸爸周六上班嗎?2.did用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，無(wú)主語(yǔ)人稱限制DidyouwatchTVlastnight?昨天晚上你看電視了嗎?Wheredidhelivelastyear?他去年住在哪里?Ididn'tgoswimmingyesterday.我昨天沒(méi)去游泳。Lindadidn'tgotoHangzhouyesterday.琳達(dá)昨天沒(méi)去杭州。熱身小練①翻一翻。請(qǐng)你將下列中文句子翻譯成英文。1.我不喜歡看電視。_____________________________________________________2.我昨天沒(méi)看見(jiàn)你。_____________________________________________________3.——海倫周末經(jīng)常做什么?——她經(jīng)常去拜訪她的祖父母。__________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：1.Idon'tlikewatchingTV.2.Ididn'tseeyouyesterday.3.WhatdoesHelenoftendoonweekends?Sheoftenvisitshergrandparents.二、助動(dòng)詞willwill作助動(dòng)詞時(shí)，主要與動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)，表示“將要……”,只有這一種形式。IwillgotoBeijing.我將要去北京。Shewillhaveameetingthisafternoon.今天下午她要參加一個(gè)會(huì)議。Whatwillyoudonextweek?你下周要做什么?—Willyoutakeyourkitetomorrow?你明天要帶你的風(fēng)箏嗎?—No,Iwon't(=willnot).不，我不會(huì)帶。熱身小練②翻一翻。請(qǐng)你將下列中文句子翻譯成英文。1.我們明天去拜訪他。_____________________________________________________2.放學(xué)后他將和朋友們一起打籃球。_____________________________________________________答案：1.Wewillvisithimtomorrow.2.Hewillplaybasketballwithfriendsafterschool.三、助動(dòng)詞bebe作助動(dòng)詞時(shí)，主要與動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞一起構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，表示“正在……”,有am,is,are,was,were五種形式。1.am,is,are用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)IamwatchingTV.我正在看電視。Heisreadinginthelibrarynow.他現(xiàn)在正在圖書(shū)館看書(shū)。Weareplayinghide-and-seek.我們正在玩捉迷藏。2.was,were用于過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)Shewasswimmingatthistimeyesterday.昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候她正在游泳?！猈hatwereyoudoingwhenIcalledyou?我給你打電話的時(shí)候你正在做什么?—Iwasdoingmyhomework.我正在做家庭作業(yè)。熱身小練③填一填。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)括號(hào)內(nèi)的單詞提示將下列句子補(bǔ)充完整。1.—Jack,what_________you_________(do)now?—I__________________(watch)amovie.2.Inthisvideo,thebirds__________________(sing)inthetree.3.Thestudents_________(have)amathsclassat10o'clockyesterday.答案：1.are;doing;amwatching2.aresinging3.werehaving四、助動(dòng)詞havehave作助動(dòng)詞時(shí)，主要與動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞一起構(gòu)成完成時(shí)態(tài)，表示“已經(jīng)……”,有have,has,had三種形式。1.have,has用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)Ihavegotup.我已經(jīng)起床了。HehasleftforLondon.他已經(jīng)去了倫敦。Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?你的家庭作業(yè)已經(jīng)寫(xiě)完了嗎?2.had用于過(guò)去完成時(shí)Bytheendoflastmonth,theyhadfinishedtheirwork.到上個(gè)月底，他們已經(jīng)完成了他們的工作。HehadcomebackwhenIwokeup.我醒來(lái)時(shí)他已經(jīng)回來(lái)了。熱身小練④判一判。請(qǐng)你判斷下列句子中的have是否為助動(dòng)詞(是畫(huà)“√”,不是畫(huà)“×”)。()1.Haveyougotabighat?()2.Ihavehadthebookfor3years.()3.Theywillhaveaspecialdinnertomorrow.()4.Ihaveabadcold.Iwon'tgotoschooltomorrow.答案：1.√2.√3.×4.×知識(shí)精練知識(shí)精練一、單選題1．—What______birdseat?—Theyeat______.A．do;corn B．does;corn C．do;hay2．—What______hedolastFriday?—Heboughtsomebooks.A．did B．does C．do D．done3．Jack________gotoschoolyesterday.Hewassick.A．doesn’t B．isn’t C．didn’t4．—What_____youdoduringyourwinterholiday?—Ididmyhomework.A．did B．does C．were D．a(chǎn)re5．—What_______youdothedaybeforeyesterday?—I_____.A．do;stayathomeB．did;stayedhomeC．did;stayedathome6．______Tomplayfootballthismorning?A．Do B．Did C．Does7．What______you______yesterdayafternoon?A．did,do B．do;did C．do;do8．—______youruncle______youareddressyesterday?—Yes,Ilikeitverymuch.A．Was;bought B．Did;buy C．Does;buys D．Did;bought9．—What______youoftendoontheweekend?—Ioftenseeafilm.A．do B．did C．does10．Why_______youlooktired?BecauseI________sleepwelllastnight.A．does;didn’t B．do;don’t C．do;didn’t11．—When_____thefilm_____?—Atteno’clocklastnight.A．does;begin B．do;begin C．will;begin D．did;begin12．It______sunnyandwarminGuangzhoutomorrow.A．willbe B．will C．is D．willis13．—______yousister______swimming?—Yes,shedoes.A．Does;likes B．Does;like C．Do;like D．Do;likes14．He______busythisweek.He______freenextweek.A．was;is B．is;will C．is;willbe15．She_______buysomebookstomorrow.A．wantto B．isgoing C．will二、改寫(xiě)句子16．Shevisitedherauntyesterday.(用tomorrow替換yesterday)Sheis______________visitheraunttomorrow.17．Itmeansyoushouldn’tlitterhere.(對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn))What______it______?18．LiuTaodidhishomeworklatelastnight(改為否定句)LiuTao__________hishomeworklatelastnight.19．Shegoestoschoolbybike.(對(duì)畫(huà)線部分提問(wèn))How_____she_____toschool?20．Thesignmeans“Noparking”.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句)_____thesign_____“Noparking”?21．JohntookthebustotheparklastSunday.(對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn))__________Johntakethebustothepark?22．Myfamilywenttothecinematwodaysago.(對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn))________________yourfamily________twodaysago?三、用單詞正確形式填空23．______Sam______(find)hiskiteyesterday?Yes.24．Mikealways_________(have)mealsontime,buthissister_________.(donot).25．—____thefish____(have)abigtail?—Yes,you’reright.26．Look!Somepeople__________(cross)theroad.Let’sstopandwait.27．—What__________(do)youdoyesterday?—I__________(help)mymothersweepthefloor.28．Helen_____(notwear)herbeautifulskirtthatday.29．_____you_____(live)withyourparentsbeforeyouweresevenyearsold?30．They_____(notwrite)letterstotheirparentsyesterday.31．Theboy_____(notpick)applesyesterday,he_____(cook)food.32．—What_____you_____(do)lastweek?—I_____(visit)afarm.33．Look!LiuTao________(show)amodelplanetohisclassmates.34．—____you____(write)anemaillastweek?—Yes,I____(write)itonSunday.35．Mike_____(notlike)fruittwoyearsago.36．—_________(Do)hehaveanyhobbies?—Yes,heliked_________(p