2024-2025學年外研社版高三（上）英語寒假作業(yè)（八）

第1頁（共1頁）2024-2025學年外研社版高三（上）英語寒假作業(yè)（八）一．選擇題（共5小題）1．（2020春?天心區(qū)校級月考）Thesetraditionalmedicineshadtheofeithercausingpeopletobleedorhaveaseverestomachupset．（）A．trial B．professional C．survival D．potential2．（2018秋?福田區(qū)校級期中）Earningmoneybycollectingrentfromtenants（房客）iseasyandhappy，butthat'snot________westudyfor．（）A．what B．whom C．why D．when3．—Whenchoosingbooks，youonlyfocusonpricewhileIthinkmoreaboutthecontent.—Thatis_____wediffer.（）A．which B．where C．when D．whether4．Thedisadvantageofthepopularityofcarsis________itbringsaboutsomuchairpollution.（）A．that B．what C．\ D．which5．ThereasonJohnnygaveforbeinglatewasheforgottousethealarmclock.（）A．which；because B．why；because C．which；that D．that；because二．完形填空（共1小題）6．（2024?商洛模擬）IbelieveIhaveapersonalresponsibilitytohaveapositiveinfluenceonsocietyandI'vetriedtoachievethisgoalbychoosingtobeadoctorandascientist.Ihave（1）principlesthatguidemylife.Ithinkaboutthemeverydayandhave（2）themallmyprofessionallife.First，Iamalwayshungryfor（3）Iseekandlearneveryday：fromanexperimentinthelab，fromreadinga（n）（4）journal，fromtakingcareofa（5）.Becauseofthis，I（6）getbored.IhaveacceptedthatIwillneverknoworunderstandasmuchasIwant.Second，Ibelieveinworkingforexcellence.Iam（7）aboutthebigandsmallthings!Idonot（8）forthis.Thisisnotanxietywithouta（9）.Thisanxietycreatesa（10）tensionthatdrivesmetoreachmylimitedpotential.Thishasmademea（11）doctorandscientist.Withoutthistension，Iwouldn'tbeasfocused.Thisiswhatkeepsthesearchforknowledge（12）!Third，Ibelievethatasadoctormygoalistoreducethe（13）ofhumankind.WhenIchoseto（14）AIDSinthe1980s，manyofmycolleaguesthoughtIwasmisguidedtofocusallofmyattentiononwhatwas（15）considered"justagayman'sdisease".ButIknewdeepdownthatthiswasgoingtobecomeapublichealth（16）.Therefore，Ihavespentallofmyprofessional（17）inAIDSresearch，careofAIDSpatientsandpublichealthpolicy.IbelievethatImust（18）seekandlearn，accept（19）shortofexcellenceifIwanttoputthisterriblediseaseunder（20）.（1）A．twoB．threeC．fourD．five（2）A．a(chǎn)ppealedtoB．a(chǎn)rguedwithC．worriedaboutD．stuckto（3）A．foodB．knowledgeC．praiseD．profit（4）A．scientificB．entertainingC．ordinaryD．private（5）A．friendB．colleagueC．patientD．student（6）A．easilyB．frequentlyC．rarelyD．unnecessarily（7）A．a(chǎn)nxiousB．curiousC．sorryD．careless（8）A．searchB．waitC．a(chǎn)pologizeD．pay（9）A．costB．disadvantageC．guidelineD．purpose（10）A．terribleB．worseningC．healthyD．harmful（11）A．betterB．colderC．prouderD．kinder（12）A．a(chǎn)nnoyingB．excitingC．boringD．confusing（13）A．sufferingB．wasteC．happinessD．hunger（14）A．spreadB．studyC．getD．invent（15）A．occasionallyB．thenC．finallyD．late（16）A．a(chǎn)greementB．proofC．policyD．disaster（17）A．lifeB．incomeC．connectionD．development（18）A．successfullyB．half﹣heartedlyC．continuallyD．unwillingly（19）A．somethingB．nothingC．a(chǎn)nythingD．everything（20）A．pressureB．a(chǎn)ttackC．guaranteeD．control三．閱讀理解（共2小題）7．（2024?河西區(qū)校級模擬）IWastheDoughnutLadyInuniversityIhadapart﹣timejobatashopthatsolddoughnutsandcoffee.Situatedonablockwhereseveralbusesstopped，itservedthepeoplewhohadafewminutestowaitfortheirbus.Everyafternoonaroundfouro'clock，agroupofschoolchildrenwouldburstintotheshop，andbusinesswouldcometoastop.Adultswouldglancein，seethecrowdandpasson.ButIdidn'tmindifthechildrenwaitedfortheirbusinside.SometimesIwouldhandoutabusfarewhenaticketwentmissing﹣alwaysrepaidthenextday.OnsnowydaysIwouldgiveawaysomedoughnuts.Iwouldlockthedooratclosingtime，andwewaitedinthewarmshopuntiltheirbusfinallyarrived.Ienjoyedmyyoungfriends，butitneveroccurredtomethatIplayedanimportantroleintheirlives﹣untiloneafternoonwhenamancameandaskedifIwasthegirlworkingonweekdaysaroundfouro'clock.Heidentifiedhimselfasthefatheroftwoofmyfavorites."IwantyoutoknowIappreciatewhatyoudoformychildren.Iworryaboutthemtakingtwobusestogethome.Itmeansalotthattheycanwaithereandyoukeepaneyeonthem.Whentheyarewiththedoughnutlady，Iknowtheyaresafe."Itoldhimitwasn'tabigdeal，andthatIenjoyedthekids.SoIwastheDoughnutLady.Inotonlyreceivedatitle，butbecamealandmark.NowIthinkaboutallthepeoplewhokeepaneyeonmyownchildren.Theybecome，well，DoughnutLadies.Likethemenattheskatingrink，wholetmyboysringhome；Orthebusdriverwhodrovemydaughtertoherstopattheendoftherouteatnightbutwouldn'tleaveuntilIarrivedtopickherup；OrthatnicepoliceofficerwhotookpityonmyboyswalkinghomeintherainwhenIwasatwork﹣eventhoughthephonerangallthenextdaywithcallsfromcuriousneighbors."WasthatapolicecarIsawatyourhouselastnight？"Thatwasn'tapolicecar.ThatwasaDoughnutLady.（1）Accordingtothepassage，theauthorsometimes.A．soldbusticketstothechildrenB．gavethechildrenfreedoughnutsC．didbusinesswiththechildren'shelpD．calledthechildren'sparentstopickthemup（2）Bysaying"…itwasn'tabigdeal（Para.4），"theauthormeantthat.A．shehadn'tdoneanythingsignificantB．shehadn'tspentmuchtimewiththechildrenC．shehadn'tmadealotofmoneyfromthechildrenD．shehadn'tfoundithardtogetalongwiththechildren（3）Whatcanwelearnaboutthepoliceofficer？A．Hetooktheboystothepolicestation.B．Hehelpedtheboyslookfortheirmother.C．Hedrovetheboysbackhomeinapolicecar.D．Hemanagedtomakesureoftheboys'identity.（4）Whydidtheneighborscallthenextday？A．Theycalledtocomfortthem.B．Theytriedtomakesuretheywerefine.C．Theywantedtoconfirmitwasreallyapolicecar.D．Theywonderedwhatthepolicebroughtthemonsucharainynight.（5）Thepassagesuggeststhat.A．runningabusinessrequiresskillB．takingresponsibilityisamoralvirtueC．devotionshouldbeeverythinginlifeD．therearealwaysnosmallactsofkindness.8．（2024秋?耒陽市校級期中）MyFirstMarathon（馬拉松）Amonthbeforemyfirstmarathon，oneofmyankleswasinjuredandthismeantnotrunningfortwoweeks，leavingmeonlytwoweekstotrain.Yet，Iwasdeterminedtogoahead.Irememberbacktomy7thyearinschool.InmyfirstP.E.class，theteacherrequiredustorunlapsandthenhitasoftball.Ididn'tdoeitherwell.HelaterinformedmethatIwas"notathletic".TheideathatIwas"notathletic"stuckwithmeforyears.WhenIstartedrunninginmy30s，Irealizedrunningwasabattleagainstmyself，notaboutcompetitionorwhetherornotIwasathletic.Itwasallaboutthebattleagainstmyownbodyandmind.Atestofwills!Thenightbeforemymarathon，IdreamtthatIcouldn'tevenfindthefinishline.Iwokeupsweatingandnervous，butreadytoprovesomethingtomyself.Shortlyaftercrossingthestartline，myshoelaces（鞋帶）becameuntied.SoIstoppedtoreadjust.NotthestartIwanted!Atmile3，Ipassedasign："GOFORIT，RUNNERS！"Bymile17，Ibecameoutofbreathandtheonceinjuredanklehurtbadly.Despitethepain，Istayedthecoursewalkingabitandthenrunningagain.Bymile21，Iwasstarving!AsIapproachedmile23，Icouldseemywifewavingasign.Sheismybiggestfan.Shenevermindedthealarmclocksoundingat4a.m.orquestionedmyexpensesonrunning.Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished!AndIgotamedal.Infact，Igotthesamemedalastheonethattheguywhocameinfirstplacehad.Determinedtobemyself，moveforward，freeofshameandworldlylabels（世俗標簽），Icannowcallmyselfa"marathonwinner".（1）Amonthbeforethemarathon，theauthor.A．waswelltrainedB．feltscaredC．madeuphismindtorunD．losthope（2）WhydidtheauthormentiontheP.E.classinhis7thyear？A．Toacknowledgethesupportofhisteacher.B．Toamusethereaderswithafunnystory.C．Toshowhewasnottalentedinsports.D．Toshareapreciousmemory.（3）Howwastheauthor'sfirstmarathon？A．Hemadeit.B．Hequithalfway.C．Hegotthefirstprize.D．Hewalkedtotheend.（4）Whatdoesthestorymainlytellus？A．Amanoweshissuccesstohisfamilysupport.B．Awinnerisonewithagreateffortofwill.C．Failureisthemotherofsuccess.D．Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.四．其他閱讀題型（共1小題）9．（2021秋?北辰區(qū)期中）WhenIwasakid，thethingIenjoyedmostaboutNewYear'sEvewastryingtostayawakeuntilmidnight.Myparentsdidn'tforcemetogotobedearly.However，IusuallyfellasleepbeforetheNewYeararrived.Itwasn'tuntilmy10thbirthdaythatIreachedthefinishlineandwasabletocheerwiththerestofthefamily.WhenIwokeupthenextmorning，mymomaskedmeifIwantedtomakeaNewYear'sresolution（決心要做的事）.IhadnoideawhataNewYear'sresolutionwas.Aftersheexplainedittome，IsaidIwouldtrytofightlesswithmyolderbrother.Thisgotmeasmileandapatontheheadfrommymom.Unfortunately，theresolutionlastedonlyuntildinnertime.ThereasonisthatmybrotherandIgotintoanargumentaboutwhowouldsetthetable.ANewYear'sresolutionisadecisiontodoornotdosomethinginorder﹣to﹣accomplish﹣apersonalgoalorbreakahabit.Itcomesatatimewhenpeoplelookbackatthepastyearandmakeanefforttoimprovethemselvesasthenewyearbegins.AdultsoftenmakeNewYear'sresolutionstoloseweightorexercisemore.Kidsmakeresolutionstogetalongbetterwithothersortodotheirhomeworkrightaway.RememberthatittakesworktokeepaNewYear'sresolution.Don'tworryifyoufailtomakeitonceortwice.Aslongasyoustaycommittedtowhatyouwanttoaccomplish，you'llbeproudofyourselfintheend.Andyou'llbeabetterpersonattheendoftheyearthanyouwereatthebeginning!（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedpartinparagraph1probablymean？（nomorethan10words）（2）Whatwastheauthor'sresolutionat10？（nomorethan10words）（3）What'saNewYear'sresolution？（nomorethan20words）（4）Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout？（nomorethan10words）（5）What'syourNewYear'sresolution？Howdoyoukeepit？（nomorethan20words）五．書面表達（共1小題）10．（2023春?敘州區(qū)校級期末）全球氣候變暖是目前人類面臨的最大環(huán)境問題，請你根據(jù)以下提示，寫一篇英語短文，為節(jié)能減排獻計獻策。要點提示：1.全球變暖的原因和危害；2.應對措施；3.注意：1.詞數(shù)80﹣100；2.可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

2024-2025學年外研社版高三（上）英語寒假作業(yè)（八）參考答案與試題解析題號12345答案DABAC一．選擇題（共5小題）1．（2020春?天心區(qū)校級月考）Thesetraditionalmedicineshadtheofeithercausingpeopletobleedorhaveaseverestomachupset．（）A．trial B．professional C．survival D．potential【答案】D【分析】這些傳統(tǒng)藥物有可能導致人出血或嚴重胃部不適．【解答】本題考查名詞辨析，A項意為"實驗"；B項意為"專業(yè)人員"；C項意為"幸存"；D項意為"可能，潛能"，根據(jù)句意和各個選項含義可知答案．故選：D．【點評】本題考查名詞辨析，考生在平時的學習中應注意積累相應的詞匯和搭配，并牢記其意思．在做題時，將詞義和題干相結合，從語法、句子結構尤其是句意上去判斷，句意通順，符合邏輯，即正確答案．2．（2018秋?福田區(qū)校級期中）Earningmoneybycollectingrentfromtenants（房客）iseasyandhappy，butthat'snot________westudyfor．（）A．what B．whom C．why D．when【答案】A【分析】通過向房客收取租金來掙錢既容易又快樂，但這不是我們學習的目的?！窘獯稹扛鶕?jù)句意和結構可知that's后面是表語從句，從句中for后面缺少賓語，用what引導賓語從句。故選：A?！军c評】解題時要區(qū)分清選擇項的含義與區(qū)別，再聯(lián)系句意進行判斷，從而選出正確答案?？忌龃祟愵}型，要分析句子結構，理解句意，考慮語境，選擇恰當詞。切忌：粗心大意，慣性判斷。要注意細心分析驗證，得出答案。3．—Whenchoosingbooks，youonlyfocusonpricewhileIthinkmoreaboutthecontent.—Thatis_____wediffer.（）A．which B．where C．when D．whether【答案】B【分析】﹣﹣當選擇書的時候，你只是集中在價格上而我更多地考慮內容。﹣﹣那就是我們所不同的地方?！窘獯稹看颂幨潜碚Z從句，表示的是"不同的地方"，應用連接副詞where引導，在從句中作地點狀語。故選：B?！军c評】考查表語從句，弄清楚哪些連詞引導表語從句及一些表語從句的特殊結構，準確地翻譯句子及備選答案，然后選擇最符合題意的選項。4．Thedisadvantageofthepopularityofcarsis________itbringsaboutsomuchairpollution.（）A．that B．what C．\ D．which【答案】A【分析】汽車普及的缺點是它帶來了嚴重的空氣污染。【解答】分析句子可知，is后接表語從句"itbringsaboutsomuchairpollution."，從句句意完整，成分齊全，that引導表語從句，無實義，不作成分，僅起引導作用，因此用that引導表語從句。故選：A。【點評】考查表語從句，弄清楚哪些連詞引導表語從句及一些表語從句的特殊結構，準確地翻譯句子及備選答案，然后選擇最符合題意的選項。5．ThereasonJohnnygaveforbeinglatewasheforgottousethealarmclock.（）A．which；because B．why；because C．which；that D．that；because【答案】C【分析】約翰尼給出的遲到的理由是他忘了用鬧鐘?！窘獯稹糠治鼍渥咏Y構可知，第一個從句是限制性定語從句。所以第一個空為定語從句的引導詞，先行詞為reason，定語從句中缺少gave的賓語。應選that/which且可以省略；第二空為表語從句的引導詞，當reason作主語時，其表語從句只能用that引導，切忌使用why或because。故選：C。【點評】限制性定語從句對先行詞起限制、修飾的作用，關系代詞that，which，whom，who，whose以及關系副詞when，where等，沒有明顯的逗號把從句與主語分開，表達的意思為被修飾詞的一個定語。二．完形填空（共1小題）6．（2024?商洛模擬）IbelieveIhaveapersonalresponsibilitytohaveapositiveinfluenceonsocietyandI'vetriedtoachievethisgoalbychoosingtobeadoctorandascientist.Ihave（1）Bprinciplesthatguidemylife.Ithinkaboutthemeverydayandhave（2）Dthemallmyprofessionallife.First，Iamalwayshungryfor（3）BIseekandlearneveryday：fromanexperimentinthelab，fromreadinga（n）（4）Ajournal，fromtakingcareofa（5）C.Becauseofthis，I（6）Cgetbored.IhaveacceptedthatIwillneverknoworunderstandasmuchasIwant.Second，Ibelieveinworkingforexcellence.Iam（7）Aaboutthebigandsmallthings!Idonot（8）Cforthis.Thisisnotanxietywithouta（9）D.Thisanxietycreatesa（10）Ctensionthatdrivesmetoreachmylimitedpotential.Thishasmademea（11）Adoctorandscientist.Withoutthistension，Iwouldn'tbeasfocused.Thisiswhatkeepsthesearchforknowledge（12）B!Third，Ibelievethatasadoctormygoalistoreducethe（13）Aofhumankind.WhenIchoseto（14）BAIDSinthe1980s，manyofmycolleaguesthoughtIwasmisguidedtofocusallofmyattentiononwhatwas（15）Bconsidered"justagayman'sdisease".ButIknewdeepdownthatthiswasgoingtobecomeapublichealth（16）D.Therefore，Ihavespentallofmyprofessional（17）AinAIDSresearch，careofAIDSpatientsandpublichealthpolicy.IbelievethatImust（18）Cseekandlearn，accept（19）BshortofexcellenceifIwanttoputthisterriblediseaseunder（20）D.（1）A．twoB．threeC．fourD．five（2）A．a(chǎn)ppealedtoB．a(chǎn)rguedwithC．worriedaboutD．stuckto（3）A．foodB．knowledgeC．praiseD．profit（4）A．scientificB．entertainingC．ordinaryD．private（5）A．friendB．colleagueC．patientD．student（6）A．easilyB．frequentlyC．rarelyD．unnecessarily（7）A．a(chǎn)nxiousB．curiousC．sorryD．careless（8）A．searchB．waitC．a(chǎn)pologizeD．pay（9）A．costB．disadvantageC．guidelineD．purpose（10）A．terribleB．worseningC．healthyD．harmful（11）A．betterB．colderC．prouderD．kinder（12）A．a(chǎn)nnoyingB．excitingC．boringD．confusing（13）A．sufferingB．wasteC．happinessD．hunger（14）A．spreadB．studyC．getD．invent（15）A．occasionallyB．thenC．finallyD．late（16）A．a(chǎn)greementB．proofC．policyD．disaster（17）A．lifeB．incomeC．connectionD．development（18）A．successfullyB．half﹣heartedlyC．continuallyD．unwillingly（19）A．somethingB．nothingC．a(chǎn)nythingD．everything（20）A．pressureB．a(chǎn)ttackC．guaranteeD．control【答案】（1）﹣（5）BDBAC（6）﹣（10）CACDC（11）﹣（15）ABABB（16）﹣（20）DACBD【分析】本文是一篇演講詞。美國流行病專家福奇是一位傳奇式人物：他淡泊名利、追求真知與卓越。他最早意識到艾滋病遲早會成為公共衛(wèi)生災難，并頂著壓力一生致力于該病的防治?！窘獯稹浚?）B.考查數(shù)詞及語境理解。A.two兩個；B.three三個；C.four四個；D.five五個。句意：我有三個原則來指導我的生活。根據(jù)下文First，Iamalwayshungryfor渴求真知、追求卓越及救死扶傷可知，作者一生堅持三大原則。故選B。（2）D.考查動詞短語及語境理解。Aappealedto吸引，呼吁；B.arguedwith爭論；C.worriedabout擔憂；D.stuckto堅持。句意：我每天都記著它們，并在我的職業(yè)生涯中一直堅持著。根據(jù)前文IbelieveIhaveapersonalresponsibilitytohaveapositiveinfluenceonsocietyandI'vetriedtoachievethisgoalbychoosingtobeadoctorandascientist可知，作者一生都"堅持"三大原則。故選D。（3）B.考查名詞及語境理解。A.food食物；B.knowledge知識；C.praise表揚；D.profit盈利。句意：首先，我總是渴望每天尋求和學習的知識。從后文的"Iseekandlearneveryday：fromanexperimentinthelab，fromreading"可知，我從實驗和閱讀中學到的是"知識"。故選B。（4）A.考查形容詞及語境理解。A.scientific科學的；B.entertaining有趣的，令人愉快的；C.ordinary普通的；D.private私人的。句意：首先，我總是渴望每天尋求和學習的知識：從實驗室的實驗中，從閱讀科學雜志中，從照顧病人中。從"IamalwayshungryforknowledgeIseekandlearneveryday"可知，為了獲得知識，堅持閱讀科學（scientific）雜志。故選A。（5）C.考查名詞及語境理解。A.friend朋友；B.colleague同事；C.patient病人；D.student學生。句意：首先，我總是渴望每天尋求和學習的知識：從實驗室的實驗中，從閱讀科學雜志中，從照顧病人中。從上文"I'vetriedtoachievethisgoalbychoosingtobeadoctorandascientist."可知，作者是一名醫(yī)生，照顧的是"病人"。故選C。（6）C.考查副詞及語境理解。A.easily容易地；B.frequently頻繁地；C.rarely很少地；D.unnecessarily沒有必要地。句意：正因為如此，我很少會覺得無聊。從前文First，IamalwayshungryforIseekandlearneveryday可知，作者對知識孜孜以求，所以他很少（rarely）感到疲倦。故選C。（7）A.考查形容詞詞義辨析。A.anxious焦慮的；B.curious好奇的；C.sorry遺憾的，抱歉的；D.careless粗心的。句意：我為大大小小的事情焦慮!根據(jù)下文"Thisanxietycreatesatensionthatdrivesmetoreachmylimitedpotential."的anxiety（焦慮）可知，此空選其形容詞anxious，故選A。（8）C.考查動詞及語境理解。A.search搜尋，查找；B.wait等待；C.apologize道歉；D.pay支付。句意：我不會為此道歉。根據(jù)下文Thisanxietycreatesatensionthatdrivesmetoreachmylimitedpotential可知，焦慮帶來的緊張感，讓作者能夠集中精力，并不是什么壞事，他不覺得有什么不對。故選C。（9）D.考查名詞及語境理解。A.cost花費；B.disadvantage不利，缺點；C.guideline指導方針；D.purpose目的。句意：這不是沒有目的的焦慮。此處表示這種憂慮是有目的（purpose）的，是能夠讓作者目標明確的，故選D。（10）C.考查形容詞及語境理解。A.terrible糟糕的，嚴重的；B.worsening惡化的；C.healthy健康的；D.harmful有害的。句意：這種焦慮產(chǎn)生了一種健康的緊張感，驅使我發(fā)揮自己有限的潛力。根據(jù)下文thatdrivesmetoreachmylimitedpotential（驅使我發(fā)揮自己有限的潛力）可知，這種緊張感是有利的，要選一個積極意義的形容詞，故選C。（11）A.考查形容詞及語境理解。A.better更好的；B.colder更冷漠的；C.prouder更驕傲的；D.kinder更友好的。句意：這讓我成為了一名更好的醫(yī)生和科學家。從"Ibelieveinworkingforexcellence.（追求卓越）"可知，這種焦慮讓作者變得更好，更優(yōu)秀。故選A。（12）B.考查形容詞及語境理解。A.annoying令人惱的；B.exciting令人興奮的：C.boring令人煩惱的；D.confusing令人困感的。句意：這就是保持對知識的探索令人興奮的原因!從上文"Withoutthistension，Iwouldn'tbeasfocused.（沒有這種緊張，我就不會如此專注。）"可知，堅持對知識的探索，盡管會讓人焦慮緊張，卻能讓人專注，讓人變得更優(yōu)秀，要選一個積極意義的形容詞，故選B。（13）A.考查名詞及語境理解。A.suffering痛苦；B.waste浪費；C.happiness快樂，幸福；D.hunger饑餓。句意：第三，我認為作為一名醫(yī)生，我的目標是減少人類的痛苦。醫(yī)生的職責自然是減輕病人的"痛苦"，故選A。（14）B.考查動詞及語境理解。A.spread傳播；B.study研究；C.get獲得；D.invent發(fā)明。句意：當我在20世紀80年代選擇研究艾滋病時，我的許多同事認為我被誤導了，把我所有的注意力都集中在當時被認為"只是一種同性戀疾病"上。從下文"IhavespentallofmyprofessionalinAIDSresearch"可知，作者致力于"研究""艾滋病，故選B。（15）B.考查副詞及語境理解。A.occasionally偶爾；B.then當時，那時；C.finally最后；D.late遲到。句意：當我在20世紀80年代選擇研究艾滋病時，我的許多同事認為我被誤導了，把我所有的注意力都集中在當時被認為"只是一種同性戀疾病"上。此處表示在"在20世紀80年代"，艾滋病被當作是"只是種同性戀疾病"，指"那時候，當時"，故選B。（16）D.考查名詞及語境理解。A.agreement協(xié)議，達成致；B.proof證據(jù)；C.policy政策；D.disaster災難。句意：但我內心深處知道這將成為一場公共健康災難。此處指的是被只當做同性戀疾病的艾滋病將會在很多人中傳播，成為種公共疾病，所以被稱為公共健康災難，故選D。（17）A.考查名詞及語境理解。Alife生活，人生，生涯；B.income收入；C.connection聯(lián)系；D.development發(fā)展。句意：因此，我把我所有的職業(yè)生涯都花在了艾滋病研究、艾滋病患者護理和公共衛(wèi)生政策上。作者是一名醫(yī)生和科學家，一生致力于艾滋病的研究，故選A。（18）C.考查副詞及語境理解。A.successfully成功地；B.half﹣heartedly三心二意地；C.continually不斷地；D.unwillingly不愿意地。句意：我相信，如果我想控制住這種可怕的疾病，我必須不斷地尋求和學習，絕不接受任何不卓越的東西。作者一生堅持的三個原則之一就是渴求真知，所以他一直堅持學習。故選C。（19）B.考查代詞及語境理解。A.something某事，某物；B.nothing沒有任何東西；C.anything任何東西；D.everything一切。句意：我相信，如果我想控制住這種可怕的疾病，我必須不斷地尋求和學習，絕不接受任何不卓越的東西。作者一生追求卓越，所以不優(yōu)秀的東西是不接受的，故選B。（20）D.考查名詞及語境理解。A.pressure壓力；B.attack攻擊；C.guarantee保證；D.control控制。句意：我相信，如果我想控制住這種可怕的疾病，我必須不斷地尋求和學習，絕不接受任何不卓越的東西。作者一生致力于艾滋病的研究，就是為了把這種疾病"控制"住，故選D?！军c評】完形填空考查學生綜合運用語言的能力。做題時，要先通讀全文，掌握大意，然后結合選項，仔細閱讀文章，選擇最適合語境的詞，注意上下文的呼應及語境。三．閱讀理解（共2小題）7．（2024?河西區(qū)校級模擬）IWastheDoughnutLadyInuniversityIhadapart﹣timejobatashopthatsolddoughnutsandcoffee.Situatedonablockwhereseveralbusesstopped，itservedthepeoplewhohadafewminutestowaitfortheirbus.Everyafternoonaroundfouro'clock，agroupofschoolchildrenwouldburstintotheshop，andbusinesswouldcometoastop.Adultswouldglancein，seethecrowdandpasson.ButIdidn'tmindifthechildrenwaitedfortheirbusinside.SometimesIwouldhandoutabusfarewhenaticketwentmissing﹣alwaysrepaidthenextday.OnsnowydaysIwouldgiveawaysomedoughnuts.Iwouldlockthedooratclosingtime，andwewaitedinthewarmshopuntiltheirbusfinallyarrived.Ienjoyedmyyoungfriends，butitneveroccurredtomethatIplayedanimportantroleintheirlives﹣untiloneafternoonwhenamancameandaskedifIwasthegirlworkingonweekdaysaroundfouro'clock.Heidentifiedhimselfasthefatheroftwoofmyfavorites."IwantyoutoknowIappreciatewhatyoudoformychildren.Iworryaboutthemtakingtwobusestogethome.Itmeansalotthattheycanwaithereandyoukeepaneyeonthem.Whentheyarewiththedoughnutlady，Iknowtheyaresafe."Itoldhimitwasn'tabigdeal，andthatIenjoyedthekids.SoIwastheDoughnutLady.Inotonlyreceivedatitle，butbecamealandmark.NowIthinkaboutallthepeoplewhokeepaneyeonmyownchildren.Theybecome，well，DoughnutLadies.Likethemenattheskatingrink，wholetmyboysringhome；Orthebusdriverwhodrovemydaughtertoherstopattheendoftherouteatnightbutwouldn'tleaveuntilIarrivedtopickherup；OrthatnicepoliceofficerwhotookpityonmyboyswalkinghomeintherainwhenIwasatwork﹣eventhoughthephonerangallthenextdaywithcallsfromcuriousneighbors."WasthatapolicecarIsawatyourhouselastnight？"Thatwasn'tapolicecar.ThatwasaDoughnutLady.（1）Accordingtothepassage，theauthorsometimesB.A．soldbusticketstothechildrenB．gavethechildrenfreedoughnutsC．didbusinesswiththechildren'shelpD．calledthechildren'sparentstopickthemup（2）Bysaying"…itwasn'tabigdeal（Para.4），"theauthormeantthatA.A．shehadn'tdoneanythingsignificantB．shehadn'tspentmuchtimewiththechildrenC．shehadn'tmadealotofmoneyfromthechildrenD．shehadn'tfoundithardtogetalongwiththechildren（3）Whatcanwelearnaboutthepoliceofficer？CA．Hetooktheboystothepolicestation.B．Hehelpedtheboyslookfortheirmother.C．Hedrovetheboysbackhomeinapolicecar.D．Hemanagedtomakesureoftheboys'identity.（4）Whydidtheneighborscallthenextday？CA．Theycalledtocomfortthem.B．Theytriedtomakesuretheywerefine.C．Theywantedtoconfirmitwasreallyapolicecar.D．Theywonderedwhatthepolicebroughtthemonsucharainynight.（5）ThepassagesuggeststhatD.A．runningabusinessrequiresskillB．takingresponsibilityisamoralvirtueC．devotionshouldbeeverythinginlifeD．therearealwaysnosmallactsofkindness.【答案】BACCD【分析】善良無小事，愛心可以傳遞，文章通過講一個女士的善心之舉引發(fā)對善意傳遞的討論?！窘獯稹浚?）B.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)原文第二段"OnsnowydaysIwouldgiveawaysomedoughnuts．在下雪天，我會贈送一些甜甜圈。"可知作者有時候給孩子免費的甜甜圈。B.gavethechildrenfreedoughnuts（給孩子們免費的甜甜圈）正確。故選B.（2）A.推理判斷題。根據(jù)句原文第三段"Itmeansalotthattheycanwaithereandyoukeepaneyeonthem．Whentheyarewiththedoughnutlady，Iknowtheyaresafe．他們能在這里等而你幫我看著他們，這對我很重要。"以及第三段的"Itoldhimitwasn'tabigdeal，andthatIenjoyedthekids.我跟他說沒什么大不了的，我很喜歡孩子們"可知，那兩個孩子的父親很感激甜甜圈女士幫忙看著他的孩子，而作者認為這沒什么大不了的事。A.shehadn'tdoneanythingsignificant（她沒做什么大不了的事情）正確。故選A.（3）C.推理判斷題。倒數(shù)第二段句"OrthatnicepoliceofficerwhotookpityonmyboyswalkinghomeintherainwhenIwasatwork或者好警官憐憫我因為要工作而我的男孩們在雨中走回家而載他們一程。"當我在可知，是警察把作者雨中的孩子送回家。C.Hedrovetheboysbackhomeinapolicecar.（他開著警車送孩子們回家。）正確。故選C.（4）C.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文倒數(shù)第二段eventhoughthephonerangallthenextdaywithcallsfromcuriousneighbors."WasthatapolicecarIsawatyourhouselastnight？"（盡管第二天好奇的鄰居們打來電話，昨晚我在你家看到的是一輛警車嗎？"）可知他們是在確認是否有警車在她門口。C.Theywantedtoconfirmitwasreallyapolicecar.（他們想確認那真的是一輛警車。）正確。故選C.（5）D.主旨大意題。短文主要講了作者在打工時對四點放學的孩子的照顧，得到其家長的感謝，后來作者有了自己的小孩，同樣也得到其他人的照顧，可以得出這篇短文要告訴我們善舉總是對人有很大的影響的。D.therearealwaysnosmallactsofkindness（善舉永遠不分大?。┱_。故選D.【點評】做這類題材閱讀理解時要求考生對文章通讀一遍，做題時結合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關語句進行仔細分析，結合選項選出正確答案。切忌胡亂猜測，一定要做到有理有據(jù)。8．（2024秋?耒陽市校級期中）MyFirstMarathon（馬拉松）Amonthbeforemyfirstmarathon，oneofmyankleswasinjuredandthismeantnotrunningfortwoweeks，leavingmeonlytwoweekstotrain.Yet，Iwasdeterminedtogoahead.Irememberbacktomy7thyearinschool.InmyfirstP.E.class，theteacherrequiredustorunlapsandthenhitasoftball.Ididn'tdoeitherwell.HelaterinformedmethatIwas"notathletic".TheideathatIwas"notathletic"stuckwithmeforyears.WhenIstartedrunninginmy30s，Irealizedrunningwasabattleagainstmyself，notaboutcompetitionorwhetherornotIwasathletic.Itwasallaboutthebattleagainstmyownbodyandmind.Atestofwills!Thenightbeforemymarathon，IdreamtthatIcouldn'tevenfindthefinishline.Iwokeupsweatingandnervous，butreadytoprovesomethingtomyself.Shortlyaftercrossingthestartline，myshoelaces（鞋帶）becameuntied.SoIstoppedtoreadjust.NotthestartIwanted!Atmile3，Ipassedasign："GOFORIT，RUNNERS！"Bymile17，Ibecameoutofbreathandtheonceinjuredanklehurtbadly.Despitethepain，Istayedthecoursewalkingabitandthenrunningagain.Bymile21，Iwasstarving!AsIapproachedmile23，Icouldseemywifewavingasign.Sheismybiggestfan.Shenevermindedthealarmclocksoundingat4a.m.orquestionedmyexpensesonrunning.Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished!AndIgotamedal.Infact，Igotthesamemedalastheonethattheguywhocameinfirstplacehad.Determinedtobemyself，moveforward，freeofshameandworldlylabels（世俗標簽），Icannowcallmyselfa"marathonwinner".（1）Amonthbeforethemarathon，theauthorC.A．waswelltrainedB．feltscaredC．madeuphismindtorunD．losthope（2）WhydidtheauthormentiontheP.E.classinhis7thyear？CA．Toacknowledgethesupportofhisteacher.B．Toamusethereaderswithafunnystory.C．Toshowhewasnottalentedinsports.D．Toshareapreciousmemory.（3）Howwastheauthor'sfirstmarathon？AA．Hemadeit.B．Hequithalfway.C．Hegotthefirstprize.D．Hewalkedtotheend.（4）Whatdoesthestorymainlytellus？BA．Amanoweshissuccesstohisfamilysupport.B．Awinnerisonewithagreateffortofwill.C．Failureisthemotherofsuccess.D．Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.【答案】見試題解答內容【分析】本文是記敘文。文章記敘了作者第一次馬拉松之前，腳踝受傷，但堅持跑馬拉松的事。【解答】（1）C．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句"Yet，Iwasdeterminedtogoahead.（然而，我決定繼續(xù)跑前進）"可知，作者腳踝受傷后，決定跑馬拉松。故選C。（2）C．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段"Irememberbacktomy7thyearinschool.InmyfirstP.E.class，theteacherrequiredustorunlapsandhitasoftball.Ididn'tdoeitherwell.HelaterinformedmethatIwas"notathletic"."（我記得我上七年級時，在我的第一堂體育課上，老師要求我們跑圈和打壘球。我也做的不好。他后來告訴我"我不擅長"體育"）"可推斷出，作者引用他七年級的經(jīng)歷來證明他當時不擅長體育。故選C。（3）A．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段"Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished!（我是最后一批跑完全程的人之一。但是我完成了）"可知，作者最后憑著堅強的毅力跑完了第一次馬拉松比賽。故選A。（4）B．主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段"Determinedtobemyself，moveforward，freeofshameandworldlylabels（世俗標簽），Icannowcallmyselfa"marathonwinner".（我決心做我自己，不斷向前，擺脫恥辱和世俗的標簽，我現(xiàn)在可以稱自己為"馬拉松冠軍"）"可知，作者通過自己的馬拉松經(jīng)歷，即自己雖受傷但仍堅持跑完馬拉松，因此推斷這件事告訴我們一個成功者是一個有巨大決心的人。故選B?！军c評】閱讀理解解題步驟：首先對原文材料迅速瀏覽，掌握全文的主旨大意，因為閱讀理解題一般沒有標題，所以，速讀全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速讀的過程中，應盡可能多地捕獲信息材料；其次細讀題材，各個擊破，掌握全文的大意之后，細細閱讀每篇材料后的問題，弄清每題要求后，帶著問題，再回到原文中去尋找、捕獲有關信息，要善于抓住每段的主題句，閱讀時，要有較強的針對性，對于捕獲到的信息，要做認真分析，仔細推敲，理解透徹，只有這樣，針對題目要求，才能做到穩(wěn)、準。四．其他閱讀題型（共1小題）9．（2021秋?北辰區(qū)期中）WhenIwasakid，thethingIenjoyedmostaboutNewYear'sEvewastryingtostayawakeuntilmidnight.Myparentsdidn'tforcemetogotobedearly.However，IusuallyfellasleepbeforetheNewYeararrived.Itwasn'tuntilmy10thbirthdaythatIreachedthefinishlineandwasabletocheerwiththerestofthefamily.WhenIwokeupthenextmorning，mymomaskedmeifIwantedtomakeaNewYear'sresolution（決心要做的事）.IhadnoideawhataNewYear'sresolutionwas.Aftersheexplainedittome，IsaidIwouldtrytofightlesswithmyolderbrother.Thisgotmeasmileandapatontheheadfrommymom.Unfortunately，theresolutionlastedonlyuntildinnertime.Thereason