中國科學院考博英語模擬試卷11

中國科學院考博英語模擬試卷11

一、詞匯（本題共30題，每題7.0分，共30分。）

1、Davidlikescountrylifeandhasdecidedtofanning.

A^goinfor

B、gobackon

C、gothroughwith

D^goalongwith

標準答案：A

知識點解析：本題旨在測試考生對短語動詞的掌握程度。g。infbr”從事（某種職業(yè)

或活動）”,適于本題,例如：［thoughtofgoinginforteaching.（我想去當老師。）go

backon”背叛，違背“，gothroughwith"把……進行到底“，goalongwith”陪伴,贊

同”均不適于本題。

2、Thewealthofacountryshouldbemeasuredthehealthandhappinessofits

peopleaswellasthematerialgoodsitcanproduce.

A、inlinewith

B、intermsof

C^inregardto

D、incaseof

標準答案：B

知識點解析：本題意為“衡量一個國家的財富，既要根據(jù)一個國家生產(chǎn)的物質又要

根據(jù)該國人民的健康和幸福intermsof的意思是“根據(jù)，按照“；inlinewith的意

思是“跟...一致，符合“；inregardlo的意思是“關于"；incaseof的意思是“假

使……，萬一……

3、Thesoundofthedoorbellstartledherandsheknockedtheashtrayontothe

floor.

A^detrimentally

BNspontaneously

C>inadvertently

D^strenuously

標準答案；C

知識點解析：暫無解析

4、Thispolicygavetoprivatepropertyandledtodifferencesbetweentherich

andthepoor.

A、life

B>birth

C^way

D^death

標準答案：C

知識點解析：givebirth2產(chǎn)生;givewayto讓步,承認。

5、Profitablefor35years,Secomhasa60%shareofthedomesticmarketandis

also,expandingabroad.

A、consecutive

B、periodic

C、chronological

D、consequent

標準答案：A

知識點解析：暫無解析

6、MrChencomplainedabouttheair-conditionerheboughtfromthecompany.

A、inefficient

B、defective

Cxineffective

D、deficient

標準答案：B

知識點解析：暫無解析

7、Thereisahighjobmobilityamongyoungpeopleastheywillworkoneday

andfindanewjobthenext.

A、depart

reject

C、quit

D、leave

標準答案：C

知識點解析：depart離開，啟程。reject拒絕，丟棄。quit放棄，中斷。leave離

開，剩下。

8、.explorerscouldneverhavefoundthecave.

A、Butforthefissurehadbeenspotted

B、Ifnotthefissurehadbeenspotted

C^Hadthefissurenotbeenspotted

D、Hadnotthefissurebeenspotted

標準答案：D

知識點解析?：考查的知一只點是虛擬語氣。句意是：要不是認出了山洞的裂縫，探險

者們就不可能找到那個山洞。正式文體中，有時可把虛擬條件句中的連詞if省

去，而將were,had,should等助動詞（不包括行為動詞）提到主語前面。如果句中

沒有were,had或should時，既不能省略if,也不能倒裝。因此正確答案是D選

項。

9、Althoughthereareseveralvariationsontheexactformatthatworksheetscantake,

theyareallsimilarintheiraspects.

A、potential

social

C、essential

D、partial

標準答案：C

知識點解析：句子中的allhough告訴我們，句子的大意是“雖然工作單的具體形式

會有些差異，但他們在基本方面還是相似的“，因此選essential,意思是themost

basicpart,quality,orfeatureofsomething,即“最基本的部分、特征或特點

potential表示“潛在的social表示“社會的，社交的”；這兩詞均與題意無關。

partial意為“部分的”，放在原句中不符合常見表達習慣，而若表達此意義，一般用

theyareallsimilarinsomeaspects<,

10、Nowthepublichasanunprecedentedchancetopeerovertheshouldersof

archaeologistsandhistoriansandgetafirsthandlookattheoftheMongolsand

theirAsianpredecessors.

A、legacy

B、bequest

C、converse

D、miracle

標準答案：A

知識點解析：legacy遺產(chǎn)（祖先、前人或過去傳下來的某種東西）；bequest遺產(chǎn)，遺

贈;converse相反的事物；miracle奇跡。

11、PeopleofallcountriesareexpectedtotheprinciplesoftheUnitedNations

anddefendthepeaceintheworld.

A、inspect

B、expedited

C、uphold

D^reinstall

標準答案：C

知識點解析：inspect檢查。expedite加I速,派出。uphold支持,贊成。reinstall重

新設置。

12、Wasittheprofessorregardedwithsuchcontempt?

A、themwho

B、themwhom

CNhewho

D、those

標準答案：D

知識點解析：這里強調賓語。當賓語是代詞them,要改用those。譯文：那幾個是

不是就是被教授很瞧不起的人？

13、Theeconomicrecessionhasmeantthatjobisararething.

A、security

B>safety

C、protection

D^secureness

標準答案：A

知識點解析：securily安全，保障。safety安全，保險。proleclion保護，照顧。

secure的名詞形式為security,沒有secureness這種形式。

14、Ifsomebodyis,heisgivenamedalorotherhonorasanofficialrewardfor

whathehasdone.

A、confirmed

B、decorated

C、appreciated

D、nominated

標準答案：B

知識點解析：decorale授予，恰好符合此句的意思。confirm證實，確定；

appreciate感激；nominate提名，任命。

15、Contrarytopopularopinion,batsarcnotgenerallyaggressiveandrabid;mostarc

shyand

A、disfigured

B、punctual

C>depraved

D、harmless

標準答案：D

知識點解析：（harmless無害的）。句意為：與大眾的意見相反，蝙蝠一般不會挑釁

和狂怒；大多數(shù)很膽怯而又無害。

16>Iwasinmyreading,anddidn'tatfirsthearthedoorbellring.

A、immured

B、immersed

C^busy

D、infatuated

標準答案：B

知識點解析：A.immured監(jiān)禁,禁閉。B.immersed沉浸,使陷入。beimmersed

in專心于，沉浸于。C.busy忙碌。bebusydoing忙于做某事。D.infatuated昏頭

昏腦的，使入迷。

17、Oneofthewrongnotionsaboutscienceisthatmanyscientificdiscoverieshave

comeabout.

A^accordingly

BNaccidentally

C、artificially

D、additionally

標準答案：B

知識點解析：各項的意思是：accordingly"相應地；因此，所以，于是”；

accidentally”意外地，偶然地”；artificially“人造地；造作地，虛假地”；

additionally”另外地，附加地”。根據(jù)題意，B為正確答案。

18、Thesoundoftheroaringofatigerisheardbyjungledwellers

feelingsofunease,forayeardoesnotelapsewithoutvictimsfallingtothetiger's

ferocity.

A、always...with

B、ever...without

C^ever...with

D、never...without

標潛答案：D

知識點解析：雙重否定，表肯定。

19、Hisalibiwasfishy,yettoclosescrutiny.

A、stoodstill

B、withstood

C、stoodup

D、stoodoff

標準答案：C

知識點解析：暫無解析

20Ifyouwouldliketosendadonation,youcanachequetotheFood

OrganizationofChildren.

A、makeup

B、makefor

C^makeout

D、makeoff

標準答案：C

知識點解析：各項的意志是：makeup"編造，償還"；makefor”沖向，向...猛

撲,有利于，致使"；makeout"填寫（表格），開出（文票、賬單），辨認出”;make

ofF匆匆逃掉”。

21>TheChristmastreewasdecoratedwithshiningsuchascoloredlightsand

glassballs.

A、ornaments

B>luxuries

C^exhibits

D^complements

標準答案：A

知識點解析：ornament裝飾品，為…增光的人：luxury奢侈，豪華；exhibit展品；

complement（to）補足物，補語。句意:圣誕樹上裝點著類似彩燈和玻璃球一樣的閃

光的裝飾品。

22>Whenthenewsofhiswiththeenemybecameknown,hewashangedin

effigy.

A、involement

conversations

C、collusion

D、complacency

標準答案：C

知識點解析：（collusion共謀，勾結）。句意為：他與敵人勾結的消息盡人皆知，他

的模擬像被處以絞刑。A.involvement牽連;B.conversations談話;

D.complacency自滿。

23、Hiswastellinghimthatsomethingwaswrong.

A、sentiment

B、inspiration

C、hypothesis

D、intuition

標準答案：D

知識點解析：intuition直覺;sentiment感情,情緒；inspiration靈感，啟發(fā)，鼓

舞；hypothesis假設，假說。句意：他的直覺告訴他，在么地方出錯了。

24Sheisaverystudent.She'salwaystalkingabouttravelingtoouterspace.

ANimaginary

B、imaginative

C^imaginable

D、imagining

標準答案：B

知識點解析：imaginative有想像力的；imaginary想像出來的，虛構的（實際并不存

在的）；knaginablc可以想像出的，多放在由形容詞最高級修飾的名詞后面；

imagining（imagine的現(xiàn)在分同）想像。句意：她是個想象力豐富的學生，總是談論

到外太空旅行。

25、Sheforawhileandwasunabletomakeadecision,sosheaskedformy

help.

A、flickered

B>glittered

C^faltered

D、blinked

標準答案：C

知識點解析：C項“falter支吾，搖擺”符合題意，如：Hefalteredoutafewwords.

（他支吾地說出了兒個字。）其他三項“A項flicker閃動，閃爍；B項glitter閃爍，閃

光；D項blink眨眼”都不正確。本題的意思是她躊躇了一會兒還是不能下決心。因

此C項為正確答案。

26、Iheyconcededthatherstatementwastrue.

A、proved

doubled

C、denied

D、admitted

標準答案：D

知識點解析：admit“允許承認”，與劃線詞concede的意思相近。

27、animalsmustbekeptincagesincasetheymighthurtthetourists.

A、Land

B、Domestic

C、Vicious

D^Farm

標準答案：C

知識點解析：vicious兇惡的；不道德的，墮落的；land陸地,國土;domestic家庭

的：國內的；馴服的；farm農(nóng)場，農(nóng)田。

28、Themorepeoplehearhisdementedrants,themoretheyseethatheisa

terrorist

A^whoispureandsimple

B、beingpureandsimple

C、pureandsimple

D^aspureandsimple

標準答案：C

知識點解析：句子大意為：人們越聽他的瘋狂演說，越發(fā)現(xiàn)他是一個純粹的恐怖主

義者。本題考查形容詞作后置定語的用法。pureandsimple可以直接做telxorist的

后置定語，這種表達簡潔無誤。所以，正確答案是C。

29、Allsortsoftechnologyhavetomakethenewmedicalsystemsappliedin

ruralareasefficientandeffective.

A、comeintoplay

B、conicintoconflict

C、takenaction

D、takenplace

標準答案：A

知識點解析：本題答案是A。A項comeintoplay意為“開始起作用”。其他三項詞

義：comeintoconflict意為“相矛盾;相沖突”；takenaction意為”采取行動;提出訴

訟”；takenplace意為“發(fā)生；舉行“。

30、Attheageof40,hehadalreadyagreatfortunethroughsuccessfulfinancial

dealings.

A、pierced

B、assessed

C、amassed

D、agitated

標準答案：C

知識點解析：在給出的選項中：pierced”洞悉，穿透”；assessed“評估”；amassed“積

聚,積累“；agitated”焦慮，鼓動”。根據(jù)句意和各個選項的意思可知，正確答案是

Co

二、閱讀理解(本題共136題，每題1.0分，共136

分。)

Whilestillcatching-uptomeninsomespheresofmodernlife,womenappeartobeway

aheadinatleastoneundesirablecategory.Womenareparticularlysusceptibleto

developingdepressionandanxietydisordersinresponsetostresscomparedto

men,accordingtoDr.Yehuda,chiefpsychiatristatNewYork'sVeteran'sAdministration

Hospital.Studiesofbothanimalsandhumanshaveshownthatsexhormonessomehow

affectsthestressresponse,causingfemalesunderstresstoproducemoreofthetrigger

chemicalsthandomalesunderthesameconditions.Inseveralofthestudies,when

stressed-outfemaleratshadtheirovaries(thefemalereproductiveorgans)removedjheir

chemicalresponsesbecameequaltothoseofthemales.Addingtoawoman'sincreased

doseofstresschemicalsareherincreased"opportunities"forstress."It'snotnecessarily

thatwomendon'tcopeaswell.It'sjustthattheyhavesomuchmoretocopewith,"says

Dr.Yehuda."Theircapacityfortoleratingstressmayevenbegreaterthanmen's,"she

observes,"it'sjustthatthey'redealingwithsomanymorethingsthattheybecomeworn

outfromitmorevisiblyandsooner."Dr.Yehudanotesanotherdifferencebetweenthe

sexes."Ithinkthatthekindsofthingsthatwomenareexposedtotendtobeinmoreofa

chronicorrepeatednature.Mengotowarandareexposedtocombatstress.Menare

exposedtomoreactsofrandomphysicalviolence.Thekindsofinterpersonalviolence

thatwomenareexposedtotendtobeindomesticsituations.by.unfortunately.parentsor

otherfamilynumbers,andtheytendnottobeone-shotdeals.Thewear-and-tearthat

comesfromtheselongerrelationshipscanbequitedevastating."AdelineAlvarezmarried

at18andgavebirthtoason,butwasdeterminedtofinishcollege."Istruggledalottoget

thecollegedegree.Iwaslivinginsomuchfrustrationthatthatwasmyescape,togoto

school,andgetaheadanddobetter.HLater,hermarriageendedandshebecameasingle

mother.It'sthehardestthingtotakecareofateenagenhaveajob,paytherent,paythecar

paymcnt,andpaythedebt.Ilivedfrompaychecktopaycheck.Noteveryoneexperiences

thekindsofseverechronicstressesAlvarezdescribes.Butmostwomentodayarecoping

withalotofobligations,v/ithfewbreaks,andfeelingthestrain.Alvarez'sexperience

demonstratestheimportanceoffindingwaystodiffusestressbeforeitthreatensyour

healthandyourabilitytofunction.

31WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs?

標準答案：A

知識點解析：文中第一段中的一句，“Womenareparticularlysusceptibleto

developingdepressionandanxietydisordersinresponsetostresscomparedtomen.”，

實際上就是前兩段的主旨句。'"vulnerable”與“susceptible”同義。故正確答案為A。

32^Dr.Yehuda'sresearchsuggeststhatwomen.

標準答案：D

知識點解析：Dr.Yehuda研究指出“It'sjustthatthey(women)havesomuchmoreto

copewith,"，可見D選項是正確的。A選項沒提到，B、C選項與她的研究結果相

悖。故正確答案為D。

33、AccordingtoParagraph4,thestresswomenconfronttendstobe.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：第四段第一句中，“Ithinkthatthekindsofthingsthatwomenare

exposedtotendtobeinmoreofachronicorrepeatednature.”說明了女性所承受壓力

是“chronicorrepeated","durableandfrequent”與它意思接近。故正確答案為Co

34、Thesentence"Ilivedfrompaychecktopaycheck."(Une6,Para.5)shows

that.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：Alvarez在說“Ilivedfrompaychecktopaycheck”之前，表達了自己的

壓力包括“…paytherent,paythecarpayment,andpaythedebt.因此根據(jù)上下

文可知，“Ilivedfrompaychecktopaycheck”表達是工資“入不敷出”。故正確答案為

Bo

35、Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

標準答案：D

知識點解析：全文講解的是人所面臨的壓力，而且性別不同。所承受的壓力也會不

同。并且著重闡述女性承受了比男性更多的壓力。故正確答案為D。

Therearefourbasictypesofcompetitioninbusinessthatformacontinuumfrompure

competitionthroughmonopolisticcompetitionandoligopoly(商品供應壟斷)to

monopoly.Atoneendofthecontinuum,purecompetitionresultswheneverycompany

hasasimilarproduct.Companiesthatdealincommoditiessuchaswheatorcornarc

ofteninvolvedinpurecompetition.Inpurecompetition,itisoftentheeaseandefficiency

ofdistributionthatinfluencespurchase.Incontrast,inmonopolisticcompetitionseveral

companiesmaycompeteforthesaleofitemsthatmaybesubstituted.Theclassic

exampleofmonopolisticcompetitioniscoffeeandtea.Ifthepriceofoneisperceivedas

toohigh,consumersmaybegintopurchasetheother.Couponsandotherdiscounts（折

扣）areoftenusedaspartofamarketingstrategytoinfluencesales.Oligopolyoccurs

whenafewcompaniesdominatethesalesofaproductorservice.Forexample,onlyfive

airlinecarrierscontrolmorethan70percentofallticketsalesintheUnitedStates.In

oligopoly,seriouscompetitionisnotconsidereddesirablebecauseitwouldresultin

reducedrevenueforeverycompanyinthegroup.Althoughpricewarsdooccur,inwhich

allcompaniesoffersubstantialsavingstocustomers,asomewhatsimilartendencyto

raisepricessimultaneouslyisalsousual.Finally,monopolyoccurswhenonlyonefirm

sellstheproduct.Somemonopolieshavebeentoleratedforproducersofgoodsand

servicesthathavebeenconsideredbasicoressential,includingelectricityandwater.In

thesecases,itisgovernmentcontrol,ratherthancompetition,thatprotectsandinfluences

sales.

36、Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

標準答案：C

知識點解析：暫無解析

37Anexampleofaproductinmonopolisticcompetitionis.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：暫無解析

38、Theword"tolerated"inparagraph4couldbestbereplacedby.

標準答案：A

知識點解析：暫無解析

39、Whatdoestheauthormeanbythestatement"Althoughpricewarsdooccur,in

whichallcompaniesoffersubstantialsavingstocustomers,asomewhatsimilartendency

toraisepricessimultaneouslyalsousual"?

標準答案：A

知識點解析：暫無解析

40、Theword"it"inparagraph3refersto.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：暫無解析

Vitaminsareagroupofsubstancesfoundinfood.Thebodyneedsthemforlifeand

health.Sonaturally,manypeoplearcconcernedwiththequestion:AmIgettingenough

vitamins,andamIgettingtherightkind?Eventhoughverysmallamountsofeach

vitaminareenoughfortheneedsofthebody,theworrypeoplehaveaboutvitaminshas

somebasis.Andthishassomethingtodowiththeirdiet—thefoodtheytakein.Aperson

eatingagoodvarietyoffoodsgetsallthevitaminsnowknowntobeneeded(withthe

possibleexceptionofVitaminD).Theproblemisthattherearemanypeoplewhodon't

choosefoodswisely,don'tgetenoughvariety,anddon'teatthebasicfoodstheyneedto

gettheirvitamins.Sotheanswertothisquestionis:noextravitaminsareneeded,

providingyoucatproperfoods.Infact,manyofthevitaminscannotbestoredinthe

body,sowhenextravitaminstakenin,thebodysimplygetsridofthem.Itiseven

harmfultoputtoomuchofcertainvitaminsintothebody.Thishasbeenfoundtobetrue

ofVitaminAandD,whenlargeamountsaretakenin.Whatfoodssupplywhatvitamins?

Hereisaquickgeneralidea.VitaminA,forthehealthoftheeyes,skin,teeth,andbones,

isfoundingreenvegetables,fruits,eggs,liverandbutter.VitaminBlwhichhelpsthe

nervousanddigestivesystemandpreventscertaindiseases,isfoundincereals,porkand

liver.VitaminB2isfoundinmilk,eggs,greenvegetablesandmeats.VitaminC,which

helpsbonesandteeth,isfoundintomatoes,certainfruitsandvegetables.Theseareonly

afewofthemostimportantvitaminsthebodyneeds.

41、VitaminAisneededbyandcanbefoundin.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：根據(jù)文中最后一段的"VilaminA,forthehealthoftheeyes,skin,

teeth,andbones,isfoundingreenvegetables,fruits,eggs,liverandbutter."可

知，維生素A對眼睛、皮膚、牙齒和骨骼的健康有益，它存在于綠色蔬菜、水

果、蛋、肝臟和黃油中。四個選項中，只有C項完全正確。

42>VitaminChelpswhileVitaminB1isveryimportantto.

標準答案：A

知識點解析：根據(jù)文中的"VitaminC,whichhelpsbonesandteeth,isfoundin

tomatoes,certainfruitsandvegctablcs.”可知，維生素C對骨骼和牙齒有益，因此

B、C兩項不對。根據(jù)文中的"VitaminBlwhichhelpsthenervousanddigestivesystem

andpreventscertaindiseases,isfoundincereals,porkandliver.“可知，D項不對。

因此正確答案為A。

43、Vitaminsareagroupofsubstancesfoundin.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：根據(jù)文中第一句話"Vitaminsareagroupofsubstancesfoundinfood.”

可知，維生素是在食物中被發(fā)現(xiàn)的一組物質。因此B項為正確答案。

44、Thebodyneedsforlifeandhealth.

標準答案：D

知識點解析：根據(jù)文中第二段的“Eventhoughverysmallamountsofeachvitaminare

enoughfortheneedsofthebody,…”可知，每種維生素只要很少的量就足夠滿足人體

的需要了。因此D項為正確答案。

45、Ifyoutakeinmorevitaminsthanyouactuallyneed,.

標準答案：D

知識點解析：根據(jù)文中第三段的"Infact*manyofthevitaminscannotbestoredinthe

body,sowhenextravitaminstakenin,thebodysimplygetsridofthem.“不J知,當

多余的維生素攝人體內時，人體就會把它們排除掉。因此D項為正確答案。

Inwidthofscope,Yeatsfarexceedsanyofhiscontemporaries.Heistheonlypoetsince

the18thcenturywhohasbeenapublicmaninhisowncountryandtheonlypoetsince

Miltonwhohasbeenapublicmanatatimewhenhiscountrywasinvolvedinastruggle

forpoliticalliberty.Thismaynotseemanimportantmatter,butitisaquestionwhether

thekindoflifelivedbypoetsforthelasttwohundredyearsorsohasnotbeenonegreat

reasonforthedriftofpoetryawayfromthelifeofthecommunityasawhole,andthe

lossoftouchwithtradition.Oncethelifeofcontemplationhasbeendivorcedfromthe

lifeofaction,orfromrealknowledgeofmenofaction,somethingislostwhichitis

difficulttodefine,butwhichleavespoetryenfeebledandincomplete.Yeatsresponded

withallhisheartasayoungmantotherealityandtheromanceofIreland'sstrugglebut

helivedtobecompletelydisillusionedaboutthevalueoftheIrishrebellion.Hesawhis

dreamsoflibertyblottedoutinhorrorby"theinnumerableclangingwingsthathaveput

outthemoon".Itbroughthimtothefinalconclusionofthefutilityofalldisciplinethatis

notofthewlaolebeing,andof"howbaseatmomentsofexcitementaremindswithout

culture'1.Butheremainedamantowhomthelifeofactionalwaysmeantsomethingvery

real.

46、Thetitlebelowthatbestexpressesthemainideaofthisparagraphis.

標準答案：D

知識點解析：最適合表達這個自然段大意的標題是：作為詩人和愛國者的葉芝。第

二句可以說是本文的主題句。根據(jù)這句話，葉芝不僅是一位詩人，他還參加為爭取

政治自由的斗爭。所以說，他既是詩人又是愛國者。

47、Yeatswasprimarilya.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：葉芝基本上是一位實干的人。答案的依據(jù)是最后一句的后半部分。這

部分說，他是這樣一個人，實干的生活總是有一定的實際意義。

48、Thewriterimpliesthat.

標準答案：D

知識點解析?：作者暗示，同以往的詩歌相比，如今的詩歌不能產(chǎn)生很好的效果。答

案的依據(jù)是：Oncethelifeofcontemplationhasbeendivorcedfromthelifeofactionor

fromrealknowledgeofmenofaction,somethingislostwhichitisdifficulttodefine,but

whichleavespoetryenfeebledandincompleteo作者的意思是：如今的詩歌脫離了實

際生活，因而顯得蒼白無力，很不完美。

49、Accordingtothewriteroftheparagraph,greatpoetryismostoftenproducedby

poetswho.

標準答案：A

知識點解析：根據(jù)本文作者的觀點，優(yōu)秀的詩歌往往是由經(jīng)歷生活中種種問題的詩

人創(chuàng)作出來的.根據(jù)注釋15中提到的那個英語句子可以推斷出正確答案。

DoctorsatStanfordUniversityarestudyingamedicationtheyhopewillalleviatethe

sufferingofmillionsofAmericanwomen.Buttheirtargetisn'tbreastcancer,

osteoporosis,orasimilarlywell-knownaffliction.Despiteitsalarmingimpactonits

victims,themaladyinquestionhasreceivedcomparativelylittlemedicalscrutiny.It'sa

"hiddenepidemic,"accordingtotheStanfordresearchers:compulsiveshoppingdisorder.

That'sright.Whatwasoncemerelyapunchlineintelevisionsitcomsisnowbeingtaken

seriouslybymanyclinicians.AccordingtotheStanfordstudy'sleader,Dr.LorrinKoran,

compulsiveshoppingis"motivatedby'irresistible'impulses,characterizedbyspending

thatisexcessiveandinappropriate,hasharmfulconsequencesfbrtheindividual,and

tendstobechronicandstereotyped."Compulsiveshoppers"bingebuy"-mostoften

clothes,shoes,makeup,andjewelry—andthensufferintenseguilt.That,inturn,helps

triggeranotherfrenziedtriptothemall,andthecyclecontinues.Couldcompulsive

shoppingbeahealthhazardassociatedwithAmerica'sunparalleledeconomicprosperity?

"Itseemstobeadiseaseofaffluence,"saysDr.JerroldPollak,aclinicalpsychologist

who'streatedseveralshopaholics."Advertisers...wouldlikeustothinkthatshoppingisa

reasontolive/'agreesDr.CherylCarmin,anotherclinicalpsychologist."Ifyoudonot

havethetimeorinclinationtogotothemallorgrocerystore,therearecatalogs,delivery

services,homeshoppingnetworksonTV,andendlessitemstobuyviatheInternet."

Indeed,thisyear,USadvertiserswillspend$233billion-anamountequaltosixfederal

educationbudgetslupersuadeAmericanslobuy,buy,buy.YetthepossibilityLhalUS

advertisersmaybedrivingcertainwomeninoursocietyt9psychosisisonlypartofthe

story.Itseemsthatthepharmaceuticalcompanies'questtocuretheeffectsofexcessive

marketingmayitselfbelittlemorethanacleverly-disguisedmarketingscheme.The

Stanfordstudy,likemanyofitskind,isbeingfundedbyapharmaceuticalcompany.The

undiscloseddrugisanFDA-approvedantidepressant,specificallyanSSRI--aselective

serotoninre-uptakeinhibitor.(Theresearchersarealsostudyingbehavioraltherapiesfor

compulsiveshoppers.)TheresearchersrunningtheStanfordstudyrefusedtorevealtheir

sponsor.However,onlyfiveSSRIsarecurrentlyontheUSmarket.Pfizer(makersof

Zolofi),EliBilly(Prozac)andSmithKlincBcccham(Paxil)allreportedthattheyarc

neitherconductingnorplanninganystudiesoftheirdrugsforcompulsiveshopping.

Solvay(Luvox)alsoseemsanunlikelycandidate.In1997,researchersattheUniversityof

IowatriedusingLuvoxtotreatcompulsiveshoppersandfoundnomeasurable

differencesbetweentheeffectsofthedrugandthoseofaplacebo.Perhapsthe

manufacturersofLuvoxwanttogivetheirproductanothershot.Morelikely,however,

themysteriousbenefactoroftheStanfordStudyisForestPharmaceuticals(Celexa).Their

PRdepartmentneitherconfirmednordeniedanyinvolvementinKoran'sstudy.Why

wouldapharmaceuticalcompanyanonymouslyspendmoneytolicenseoneofitstop-

sellingdrugsforamarginaldisorderlikecompulsiveshopping?Abigpartoftheanswer

isprofit.Themysterycompanypresumablyhopestocarveauniquesliceoutofthe

mentaldisorderpieinordertomarketittogetherwithaready-madetreatment.Thisisnot

atallanewstrategyfortheworld'smammothpharmaceuticalfirms,asDavidHealy,a

professorattheUniversityofWalesCollegeofMedicine,explainsinhisbook"The

Anti-DepressantEm."Healy'sbookdescribesaprocessbywhichcompaniesSeekto

"educate'*bothpatientsandcliniciansaboutanewdisorder,tosellthedisorderin

preparationforsellingitscure.Fundingclinicaltrialsisacrucialpartofthatprocess.

50、Welearnatthebeginningofthepassagethat.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：該題要求理解第一段中的內容。根據(jù)第三句，盡管購物成癖所產(chǎn)生的

后果是嚴重的，但沒有像其他疾病那樣得到足夠的醫(yī)學觀察和研究。因此C項為

最佳答案。

51、Whichofthefollowingistrueofcompulsiveshoppingdisorder?

標準答案：A

知識點解析：該題要求理解第二段中的內容。根據(jù)最后一句，購物成癖者在無節(jié)制

購物以后會感到極度內疚，這反過來又會使他們進行更為瘋狂的購物，并以此往

復。因此A項為正確答案。

52、ThemanufacturerofwhichofthefollowingSSRIsismostpossiblythesponsorof

theStanfordstudy?

標準答案：D

知識點解析：該題要求理解第五段的內容。不難看出，D項為正確答案。

53、Wecaninferfromthepassagethatastudyofamedicationbyresearcherswill

標準答案：C

知識點解析：該題要求限據(jù)第六段的內容進行推斷。制藥公司為了推銷其產(chǎn)品，首

先要使病人和醫(yī)務人員了解某一種疾病，以便為推銷其治療藥物做準備。對臨床實

驗進行贊助是這種推銷方法的一個重要組成部分。因此我們可以推斷，對藥物進行

研究可以使人們了解該藥物所治療的疾病。C項為正確答案。

54、Theauthorwouldmostlikelyagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatements?

標準答案：D

知識點解析：該題要求理解作者在文章的后半部分所討論的主要內容。在第四段開

始作者就指出，并不僅僅是廣告商們有可能對不由自主的購物行為負責：制藥公司

的做法本身就是一種偽裝巧妙的營銷策略。因此D項為正確答案。

Ahundredyearsagoitwasassumedandscientifically'proved"byeconomiststhatthe

lawsofsocietymakeitnecessarytohaveavastarmyofpoorandjoblesspeopleinorder

tokeeptheeconomygoing.Today,hardlyanybodywoulddaretovoicetheprinciple.It

isgenerallyacceptedthatnobodyshouldbeexcludedfromthewealthofthenation,

eitherbythelawofnatureorbythoseofsociety.Theopinionsareoutdated,whichwere

currentahundredyearsago,thatthepoorowedtheirconditionstotheirignorance,lack

ofresponsibility.Inallwesternindustrializedcountries,asystemofinsurancehasbeen

introducedwhichguaranteeseveryoneaminimumofsubsistenceincaseof

unemployment,sicknessandoldage.Iwouldgoonestepfurtherandarguethat,evenif

theseconditionsarcnotpresent,inotherwords,onecanclaimthissubstanceminimum

withouthavingtohaveany"reason'1.Iwouldsuggest,however,thatitshouldbelimited

toadefiniteperiodoftime,let'ssaytwoyears,soastoavoidtheencouragementofan

abnormalattitudewhichrefusesanykindofsocialobligation.Thismaysoundlikea

fantasticproposal,butso,Ithink,ourinsurancesystemwouldhavesoundedtopeoplea

hundredyearsago.Themainobjectiontosuchaschemewouldbethatifeachperson

wereentitledtoreceiveminimumsupport,peoplewouldnotwork.Thisassumptionrests

onthefallacyoftheinherentlaziness.Inhumannature,actually,asidefromabnormally

lazypeople,therewouldbeveryfewwhowouldnotwanttoearnmorethanthe

minimum,andwhowouldprefertodonothingratherthanwork.However,thesuspicions

againstasystemofguaranteedsubsistenceminimumarenotgroundlessfromthe

standpointofthosewhowanttouseownershipcapitalforthepurposeofforcingothersto

accepttheworkconditionstheyoffer.Ifnobodywereforcedtoacceptworkinordernot

tostarve,workwouldbesufficientlyinterestingandattractiveinordertoinduceoneto

acceptitFreedomofcontractispossibleonlyifbothpartiesarefreetoacceptandreject

if;inthepresentcapitalistsystemthisisnotthecase.Butsuchasystemwouldnotonly

bethebeginningofrealfreedomofcontractbetweenemployersandemployees,its

principaladvantagewouldbetheimprovementoffreedomininterpersonalrelationships

ineverysphereofdailylife.

55、Peopleusedtothinkthatpovertyandunemploymentweredueto.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：本題的依據(jù)句是"Theopinionsareoutdated,whichwerecurrenta

hundredyearsago,thatthepoorowedtheirconditionstotheirignorance,lackof

responsibility.”從中可知B項為正確答案。

56、Nowitiswidelyacceptedthat.

標準答案：C

知識點解析:本題的依據(jù)句是“Itisgenerallyacceptedthatnobodyshouldbeexcluded

fromthewealthofthenation,eitherbythelawofnatureorbythoseofsociety.”從中

可知C項為正確答案。

57、Theauthorarguesthatthesocialinsurancesystemshould.

標準答案：D

知識點解析：本題的依據(jù)句是"Iwouldgoonestepfurtherandarguethat,evenif

theseconditionsarenotpresent,inotherwords,onecanclaimthissubstanceminimum

withouthavingtohaveany^eason'.Iwouldsuggest,however,thatitshouldbe

limitedtoadefiniteperiodoflime.''從中可知D項為正確答案。

58、Theword"fallacy"means.

標準答案：D

知識點解析：文中fallacy的意思是“謬誤，謬論”，D