10 甲流高發(fā)季科學(xué)有效應(yīng)對莫慌張-備考2023年中考英語熱點(diǎn)材料題型專練

10甲流高發(fā)季，科學(xué)有效應(yīng)對莫慌張備考2023年中考英語熱點(diǎn)材料真題題型專練背景材料：甲流進(jìn)入高發(fā)季如何科學(xué)認(rèn)識(shí)、有效應(yīng)對2023-03-0611:04·\t"/article/7207263725630423589/_blank"光明網(wǎng)中國疾病預(yù)防控制中心數(shù)據(jù)顯示，2023年第6周起，流感病毒陽性率增加，在第7周增加至14.3%。北京市疾控中心監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)顯示，北京市季節(jié)性流感疫情活動(dòng)強(qiáng)度呈現(xiàn)上升趨勢，在流行的流感病毒中，甲型流感病毒占絕對優(yōu)勢。甲流都有哪些癥狀？怎樣治療和預(yù)防？記者采訪了相關(guān)部門和專家。北京市疾控中心相關(guān)專家介紹，人群中主要流行的流感病毒包括甲型H1N1亞型、甲型H3N2亞型、乙型Yamagata系以及乙型Victoria系流感病毒，其抗原性易變，傳播迅速，每年可引起季節(jié)性流行。多位受訪專家認(rèn)為，甲流和普通感冒不同，普通感冒全身癥狀輕，而局部癥狀重，表現(xiàn)為低熱、咳嗽、流鼻涕、打噴嚏等癥狀，持續(xù)時(shí)間較短，一般兩三天就可以恢復(fù)。而甲流全身癥狀重，局部癥狀輕，表現(xiàn)為高熱、寒戰(zhàn)、肌肉酸痛、乏力等，呼吸道癥狀不明顯，出現(xiàn)并發(fā)癥的比例較高。北京兒童醫(yī)院門診部主任李豫川說，面對近期患者量增加，醫(yī)院及時(shí)調(diào)配醫(yī)療資源，增加接診醫(yī)生人數(shù)。同時(shí)進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化流程，調(diào)整了甲乙流咽拭子采樣地點(diǎn)，在護(hù)士分診臺(tái)提前為候診的患者開具化驗(yàn)單，包括血常規(guī)、甲流檢測等，以節(jié)省患者等待時(shí)間。北京兒童醫(yī)院呼吸一科主任徐保平介紹，神經(jīng)氨酸酶抑制劑是最主要的抗流感病毒藥物，目前最常用的是奧司他韋，需要在醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)開具處方購買，并遵醫(yī)囑服用?！懊磕杲臃N流感疫苗是預(yù)防流感最有效的手段，可以顯著降低接種者患流感和發(fā)生嚴(yán)重并發(fā)癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)?！毙毂Ｆ秸f，盡管疫苗接種是預(yù)防流感病毒感染最好的方法，但在流感暴發(fā)時(shí)，不能采用疫苗預(yù)防的人群可采用藥物預(yù)防，即對符合預(yù)防性用藥指征的人員，建議在醫(yī)師指導(dǎo)下盡早服用奧司他韋。專家表示，為了預(yù)防感染，日常要做好個(gè)人防護(hù)，保持手衛(wèi)生和咳嗽禮儀等良好衛(wèi)生習(xí)慣。在流感流行季節(jié)，盡量避免去人群聚集場所，避免接觸有呼吸道癥狀的人員，如必須接觸時(shí)做好個(gè)人防護(hù)。出現(xiàn)呼吸道癥狀時(shí)，應(yīng)居家休息，進(jìn)行健康觀察，不帶病上班、上課；前往醫(yī)院就診時(shí)，患者及陪護(hù)人員需要戴口罩，避免交叉感染；對于出現(xiàn)發(fā)熱、咳嗽等呼吸道癥狀的學(xué)生，應(yīng)及時(shí)居家觀察治療，如發(fā)生聚集性疫情，應(yīng)配合各項(xiàng)防控措施。(記者俠克)來源：新華網(wǎng)一、閱讀單選TheSpanishflualsoknownasthe1918Mupandemicwasadeadlypandemicinrecenthistory.Itspreadworldwideduringtheyear1918—1919.Thevirusinfected500millionpeopleaboutathirdoftheworld’spopulationatthetime.TheoutbreakoftheSpanishfluwascausedbyanHIN1viruswithgenesofavian(禽類)origin.HistoriansnowbelievethatWorldWarIcouldhavebeenpartlyresponsibleforspreadingthevirus.Lackofhygiene(衛(wèi)生)andmalnourishment(營養(yǎng)不良)mayhavealsobeenresponsibleforweakeningtheimmunesystem.Thereisnoagreementabouttheoriginofthevirus.The1918fluwasfirstobservedinEurope,theUnitedStates,andpartsofAsiabeforeswiftlyspreadingaroundtheworld.Itisbelievedthatcensorship(新聞審查制度)wasthemainreasonwhythispandemicwasreferredtoastheSpanishflu.Tomaintainmorale(斗志),WorldWarIcensors(審查官)reducedearlyreportsofillnessanddeathrateinGermany,theUnitedKingdom,France,andtheUnitedStates.However,becauseSpainwasn’tatwarwithanycountry,newspaperswerefreetoreporttheepidemic’seffectsinSpain,suchastheseriousillnessofKingAlfonsoXIII.ThesestoriescreatedafalseimpressionofSpainasespeciallyhardhit.Thisgaverisetothename‘Spanishflu’.Historicalandepidemiological(流行病學(xué)的)dataarenotenoughtoidentifywithcertaintythepandemic’sgeographicorigin,withvaryingviewsastoitslocation.In2015,nearlyacenturyaftertheSpanishflustruck,theWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)calledonscientists,nationalauthoritiesandthemediatofollowbestpracticesinnamingnewhumaninfectious(傳染性的)diseasestoreduceunnecessarynegativeeffectsonnations,economies,andpeople.Moremoderntermsforthisvirusincludethe“1918influenzapandemic”,the“1918flupandemic”,orvariationsofthese.Unlikemostinfluenzaoutbreaksthatlargelykilltheveryyoungandtheveryold,withahighersurvivalrateforthoseinbetween,theSpanishflupandemicresultedinahigherthanexpecteddeathrateforyoungadults.Thedeathtollwasestimatedtobeatleast50millionworldwide,possiblyashighas100million,makingitoneoftheseverestpandemicsinhumanhistory.1．Whatwastheworld’spopulationatthetimeofthe1918flupandemic?A．Around500million. B．About1.5billion.C．Atleast150million. D．Ashighas3billion.2．WhatisNOTbelievedtoberesponsibleforthespreadofthevirus?A．WWI. B．Lackofhygiene.C．Malnourishment. D．Censorship.3．Whyistherenoagreementabouttheoriginofthevirus?A．Becausethefluwasfirstfoundinmorethanonecountry.B．BecausetheWWIcensorstriedtocoverthetruth.C．Becauseofweakhistoricalandepidemiologicalsupport.D．BecausestoriesintheSpanishmediamistedthepeople.4．WhatmightbeincludedinWHO’sbestpoliciesofnaminganewhumaninfectiousdisease?A．Geographiclocations. B．Generaldescriptions.C．People’snames. D．Culturalreferences.5．Whichgroupofpeoplewasfarmorelikelytobehithardbythe1918flu?A．Youngadults. B．Theveryyoung.C．Theveryold. D．Thegoldandyoung.Haveyoueverwonderedifthecoldyouhaveisreallyacommoncoldortheflu?Mostpeopledon’tknowthedifferencesbetweenthem.Here’ssomeinformationaboutcoldsandtheflu.AColdTheFluProgressIttakesacoupleofdaystobuildup.YoumayhaveasorethroatonMonday,andthenhaveaheadacheonWednesday.Itusuallystartssuddenly.Patientscanclearlytellthetimewhenthefluhitsthem—afterlunchoryesterdayafternoon,forexample.TemperatureCommonly,thetemperaturerisestoaround37.2℃or37.7℃anddoesn’thavebigchanges.Thebodytemperatureisusuallymuchhigher—atleast38.3℃.Feelingcoldandbodyachesareflusigns.LifePeopleoftenkeepontheircommonlifeasusualandgetoutofbedforworkorothersocialactivities.Puttingonmuchisn’tenough,andyoustillfeelverycold.Draggingyourselfoutofbedcanseemimpossible.Youusuallyfeeltiredandsleepy.ResultsYoumayhavearunnynoseandcoughfromaheadcold.(傷風(fēng))Itcancausealotofcoughingandeventroubleinbreathing.“Eachyeartensofthousandsofpeopledieofflu,”D．YulEjnessays.Andthefluvaccine(疫苗)canhelppreventit.Ofcourse,it’sbesttogetyourfluvaccineatthebeginningofthefluseason—usuallyinthefall.6．Whatmayhappenifsomeonehasacold?A．Histemperatureisabove38℃. B．Hecan’tgetoutofbed.C．Hemayhaveaheadache. D．Hecan’tkeeponhiscommonlifeasusual.7．Whatisthebestwaytopreventthefluaccordingtothetext?A．Keepawayfromsomepublicplaceswithmanypeople.B．Getthefluvaccineatthebeginningofthefluseason.C．Don’tkeepintouchwithpeoplewhohaveacold.D．Putonmoreclothesandcheckyourbodyontime.8．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Feelingcoldandbodyachesarecoldsigns.B．Youarestillabletoworkifyouhavetheflu.C．Patientscan’tclearlytellthetimewhenthefluhitsthem.D．Youcoughalotandhavedifficultyinbreathingwhenhavingtheflu.9．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Thedifferencesbetweencoldsandthefu.B．Theinfluencesbetweencoldsandtheflu.C．Preventionmethodsforcoldsandtheflu.D．Reasonsforhavingcoldsandtheflu.二、閱讀還原5選5Theflu(流感)caneasilyspreadfromonepersontoanother.Thisisespeciallytrueforpeoplewhoareweak.Whenyouareweak,youaremorelikelytocatchtheflu.Doyouknowhowtoavoidit?___10___.WashyourhandsWashingyourhandsisaneasywaytoavoidtheflu.Youshouldwashyourhandswhencominghome,beforeeating,afterusingthetoilet,etc.___11___.It’sbettertowashthemforseveralminutes.EathealthyfoodAnothergoodwaytoavoidthefluistohavehealthyfood,becausehealthyfoodcanprovideyouwithrichnutrition.Forexample,milk,eggs,vegetablesandfruitsaregoodchoicesforyou.Theywillbenefityourhealth.___12___.___13___Doingexercisewillmakeyoustronger.Ifyouoftendoexercise,youmaykeepfit.Youcanplayping-pong,goswimming,haveawalkandsoon.Nomatterwhatkindofexerciseyoudo,youshoulddoitregularly.Keepawayfrompeoplewiththeflu___14___.Ifyourclassmatesorfriendshavetheflu,keepawayfromthemuntiltheyarewell.Youmaycatchiteasilybystayingclosewiththem.Besides,you’dbetterwearamask(口罩)incrowdedplaces.選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)倪x項(xiàng)，補(bǔ)全短文。A．DoexerciseB．HerearesomesuggestionsforyouC．YoushoulduserunningwatertowashyourhandsD．SoitisgoodforyoutoeathealthyfoodeverydayE．Keepingawayfrompeoplewiththefluisaneffectiveway三、短文首字母填空Stomachfluisacommondisease.Itspreadseasily,whichmakesithardtoavoid.That’se____15____trueifsomeoneinyourfamilyhasit.Stomachfluiscausedbyavirus,butnotthesameonethatcausesregularflu.Becauseit’scausedbyavirus,there’snomedicinetomakeitgoaway.Buttherearesomethingsyoucandotoavoidcatchingit.Youcanp____16____stomachflubywashingyourhandsoften.Usehotwaterandsoap,andspendtimescrubbing.Usinghandsanitizerisbetterthannothing,butitisnotveryeffectiveagainststomachflu.That’sbecausehandsanitizermostlykillsbacteria,notviruses.Thevirusthatcausesstomachfluishardtokill.Normalcleanerswon’talwayswork.Butcleaningyourhousecanstopyoufromcatchingit.Soputbleach(消毒水)andwatertogether,andusethattocleansurfaces.Ifsomeoneinyourfamilyissick,r____17____tocleanthingsthatpersonhastouched.Dishwashersarebetteratkillingvirusesthanwashingdishesbyhand.That’sbecausetheykeepdisheshotterforlonger.Manyvirusescanstaya____18____inyourwashingmachine.Sodolaundrywithhotwaterandusebleach,ifpossible.Youmayevenwanttorunthewashingmachinewithnoclothesjusthotwaterandbleach.Thiswillkillanygermsinit.Ifyoudogetthestomachflu,drinkasmuchwateraspossible.Otherclearl____19____aregood,too.Youprobablywon’twanttoeatmuch.Butwhenyoudofeelreadytoeat,trybananas,rice,applesauceortoast.Onceyou’refeelingbetter,don’treturntoworkorschoolrightaway.Youcans____20____spreadthediseaseforafewdaysafteryoufeelbetter.Ifyouhaveafever,waitatleast24hoursafteritendsbeforegoingout.Thiswillhelpprotectotherpeoplefromgettingsick.Stomachfluisawful,butbyf____21____thesetips,youcanhelpstopitfromspreading.四、補(bǔ)全對話6選5LiMing:Goodmorning,doctor.Doctor:Goodmorning.___22___LiMing:I’mnotfeelingwell.___23___Doctor:Isee.Nowletmehaveacheck（檢查）.LiMing:___24___Doctor:Ishouldsayyou’vegottheflu（流感）.___25___Bytheway,doyousmoke？LiMing:Yes,Ido.Doctor:___26___You’dbetterstopsmoking.LiMing:Thankyou,I’lltry.Goodbye.Doctor:Goodbye!A．Oh,that’sbadforyourhealth.B．I’vegotaverybadcoldandaterriblecough.C．Haveyoutakenyourtemperature?D．What’syourtrouble?E．Isthereanythingserious?F．Nowtakethismedicineeveryfourhoursanddrinkmorehotwater.五、材料作文27．日常生活中，流感經(jīng)常發(fā)生，影響我們的健康，假如你是醫(yī)生，請你給人們提供一些基本方法預(yù)防流感要點(diǎn)如下：1、飲食要健康；2、勤于鍛煉；3、……提示詞：1.預(yù)防prevent(v.)；流感theflu注意：1.字?jǐn)?shù)80-100；2.適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；3.不得出現(xiàn)真實(shí)的校名和人名。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________參考答案【短文大意】本文主要介紹了1918年西班牙流感病毒爆發(fā)造成的影響，短文大意其傳播的原因以及人們對此病毒起源的定論等?！敬鸢附馕觥?．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Thevirusinfected500millionpeopleaboutathirdoftheworld’spopulationatthetime”可知，病毒感染了5億人，約占當(dāng)時(shí)世界人口的三分之一，由此可推斷那時(shí)候的人口大約15億，故選B。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“HistoriansnowbelievethatWorldWarIcouldhavebeenpartlyresponsibleforspreadingthevirus.Lackofhygiene(衛(wèi)生)andmalnourishment(營養(yǎng)不良)mayhavealsobeenresponsibleforweakeningtheimmunesystem”可知，第一次世界大戰(zhàn)，缺乏衛(wèi)生和營養(yǎng)不良也可能是導(dǎo)致病毒傳播的原因，故選D。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Historicalandepidemiological(流行病學(xué)的)dataarenotenoughtoidentifywithcertaintythepandemic’sgeographicorigin,withvaryingviewsastoitslocation”可知，因?yàn)槿狈v史和流行病學(xué)的支持，所以關(guān)于病毒的起源還沒有定論。故選C。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“In2015,nearlyacenturyaftertheSpanishflustruck,theWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)calledonscientists,nationalauthoritiesandthemediatofollowbestpracticesinnamingnewhumaninfectious(傳染性的)diseasestoreduceunnecessarynegativeeffectsonnations,economies,andpeople”可知，世界衛(wèi)生組織呼吁科學(xué)家、國家當(dāng)局和媒體在命名新的人類傳染病時(shí)遵循最佳做法，以減少對國家、經(jīng)濟(jì)和人民不必要的負(fù)面影響，結(jié)合“Moremoderntermsforthisvirusincludethe“1918influenzapandemic”,the“1918flupandemic”,orvariationsofthese.”和四個(gè)選項(xiàng)可知，B選項(xiàng)“一般描述”是最符合的，故選B。5．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“theSpanishflupandemicresultedinahigherthanexpecteddeathrateforyoungadults”可知，西班牙流感大流行導(dǎo)致的年輕人死亡率高于預(yù)期，故選A。【短文大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了感冒和流感的不同之處以及如何預(yù)防流感?！敬鸢附馕觥?．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“YoumayhaveasorethroatonMonday,andthenhaveaheadacheonWednesday.”可知，感冒有可能頭疼。故選C。7．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Andthefluvaccinecanhelppreventit.Ofcourse,it’sbesttogetyourfluvaccineatthebeginningofthefluseason”可知，要預(yù)防流感最好要在流感季節(jié)開始時(shí)打疫苗。故選B。8．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“TheFlu”欄內(nèi)“Itcancausealotofcoughingandeventroubleinbreathing.”可知，流感會(huì)引起咳嗽甚至呼吸困難。故選D。9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一自然段“Mostpeopledon’tknowthedifferencesbetweenthem.Here’ssomeinformationaboutcoldsandtheflu.”可知，本文主要講述的是感冒和流感的不同之處。故選A?！径涛拇笠狻勘疚闹饕榻B了預(yù)防流感的幾種方法?！敬鸢附馕觥?0．根據(jù)上文“Doyouknowhowtoavoidit?”，以及后文對預(yù)防流感的方法的介紹，可知B選項(xiàng)“這是給你們的一些建議”符合語境。故選B。11．根據(jù)小標(biāo)題“Washyourhands”可知第二段主要介紹“勤洗手”這種預(yù)防方法，C選項(xiàng)“你應(yīng)該用自來水洗手”符合語境。故選C。12．根據(jù)上文“Anothergoodwaytoavoidthefluistohavehealthyfood…”可知此處講“吃健康食品”的預(yù)防方法，D選項(xiàng)“所以吃健康的食物對你有好處”符合語境，和小標(biāo)題Eathealthyfood呼應(yīng)。故選D。13．根據(jù)下文“Doingexercisewillmakeyoustronger.Ifyouoftendoexercise,youmaykeepfit.”可知此段主要在介紹“做運(yùn)動(dòng)”的預(yù)防方法，A選項(xiàng)“做運(yùn)動(dòng)”符合語境。故選A。14．根據(jù)小標(biāo)題“Keepawayfrompeoplewiththeflu”可知要遠(yuǎn)離流感患者，E選項(xiàng)“遠(yuǎn)離流感患者是一種有效的方法”符合語境。故選E?！径涛拇笠狻勘疚氖钦f明文，作者就如何避免感染腸胃流感給出了幾點(diǎn)建議，指出遵循這些建議，可以幫助阻止它的傳播?！敬鸢附馕觥?5．句意：如果你家里有人得了這種病，那就更是如此了。短文大意句子可知，本句需用副詞修飾true；根據(jù)下文“ifsomeoneinyourfamilyhasit”可知家里其他人也極有可能被傳染；結(jié)合首字母提示，especially“尤其”符合語境，故填(e)specially。16．句意：你可以通過勤洗手來預(yù)防腸胃流感。本句缺謂語動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)下文介紹的方式，可知勤洗手能夠預(yù)防腸胃流感；結(jié)合首字母提示，protect“保護(hù)”符合語境，故填(p)revent。17．句意：如果你的家人生病了，記得清潔他們接觸過的東西。根據(jù)上文“Ifsomeoneinyourfamilyissick…tocleanthingsthatpersonhastouched”可知這里是提醒對方清潔他們接觸過的東西；結(jié)合首字母提示，remember“記得”用于提醒，這里是祈使句結(jié)構(gòu)，故填(r)emember。18．句意：這是因?yàn)樗鼈兡苎娱L洗碗時(shí)間很多病毒可以在洗衣機(jī)里存活。短文大意句子結(jié)構(gòu)，stay在本句中作為持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞，后面加表語形容詞；結(jié)合句意很多病毒可以在洗衣機(jī)里存活，所以用stayalive；結(jié)合首字母提示，alive符合語境，故選alive。19．句意：其他的透明液體也很好。clear清澈的/透明的，形容詞修飾名詞；根據(jù)上文“Ifyoudogetthestomachflu,drinkasmuchwateraspossible”和首字母提示可知這里是說其他透明液體，liquid“液體”符合句意；由系動(dòng)詞are可知用復(fù)數(shù)名詞，故填(l)iquids。20．句意：在你感覺好些后的幾天里，你仍然可以傳播這種疾病。短文大意句