2016年高考完形填空解題技巧解析

完形填空解題技巧解析

近年高考完形填空題型特點(diǎn)1.以敘為主,敘議結(jié)合;2.篇章短小,意義完整;3.首句完整,主題明確;4.結(jié)構(gòu)清晰,層次分明;5.考查語(yǔ)境,側(cè)重辨析;6.實(shí)詞為主,虛詞為輔;7.邏輯推理,隱于語(yǔ)篇;8.常識(shí)語(yǔ)法,每年出現(xiàn)。

形散意不散貌離神不離1.

通常從一篇250詞左右，夾敘夾議的文章中設(shè)空20個(gè)，首句不挖空；2.考點(diǎn)層次可分為四類：?jiǎn)卧~層次，詞組層次，句子層次與語(yǔ)篇層次，突出語(yǔ)篇的理解，突出文化背景;3.干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)計(jì)嚴(yán)密，一般說(shuō)來(lái)，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的詞性相同或?qū)儆谕然驅(qū)Φ确懂?，干擾項(xiàng)填入后在語(yǔ)法上并不存在錯(cuò)誤，對(duì)考生有很大的迷惑作用。四大要素

詞匯邏輯 語(yǔ)法常識(shí)

一個(gè)主題

+

語(yǔ)境完形填空解題步驟通覽------試填-----復(fù)核

1通覽----速讀全文，把握大意

快速閱讀一下全文，通過(guò)通覽全文、領(lǐng)會(huì)大意，概略地了解文章的體裁、背景、內(nèi)容、結(jié)構(gòu)層次、情節(jié)、寫作風(fēng)格等等。2試填----緊扣文意，瞻前顧后

先易后難，逐層深入。緊扣全文內(nèi)容，聯(lián)系上下文和語(yǔ)境，展開邏輯推理，注意從上下文中尋找線索，注意詞匯的意義、搭配，慣用法，語(yǔ)法，常識(shí)等多個(gè)角度進(jìn)行綜合考慮。3復(fù)核----全面檢查，確保語(yǔ)意連貫，用詞準(zhǔn)確

試填后，要把全文再通讀一遍，注意看所選答案填入空白處后能否做到文章意思通順、前后連貫、邏輯嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、結(jié)構(gòu)完整、首尾呼應(yīng)。跳過(guò)空格，通讀全文，把握大意再讀全文，反復(fù)檢查結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，綜合考慮，初定答案瞻前顧后，先易后難，個(gè)個(gè)擊破

完形填空的解題步驟把握整體具體分析Today’stask:1、掌握三種常考文體2、掌握四種常考類型三類?？嘉捏w：記敘文、說(shuō)明文和議論文（主要是夾敘夾議類）記敘文被選作完形填空的短文，有一半以上是記敘文，所以，掌握記敘文的寫作特點(diǎn)，會(huì)有助于我們快速而準(zhǔn)確地破解完形填空的解題方法和思路。試題特征：一般都有較為完整的六個(gè)要素，為了便于理解，首句不挖空，所以，時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物和事件等要素，基本可以在這部分找到。

例2：(NMET2000)Iclimbedthestairsslowly,carryingwithabigsuitcase,myfatherfollowingwithtwomore.BythetimeIgottothethirdfloor,Iwas1andthesametimefeelinglonely.Worsestill,Dad2astepandfell,sendingmynewsuitcase

3downthestairs.1.A.helplessB.lazyC.anxiousD.tired2.A.tookB.mindedC.missedD.picked3.A.rollingB.passingC.droppingD.turningslowlyfell說(shuō)明文說(shuō)明文寫作的宗旨，就是要把欲說(shuō)的或欲寫的內(nèi)容說(shuō)得清楚、寫得明白，讓讀者明了事實(shí)、弄清真相，所以，除了詞匯或句型因素，相對(duì)而言，說(shuō)明文的難度不會(huì)很大，做起題來(lái)也應(yīng)該比較得心應(yīng)手。試題特征：1、說(shuō)明文直白性較強(qiáng)，寫作脈絡(luò)清晰，又沒有很多感情因素的摻入，所以就不會(huì)有過(guò)多的情感詞匯，在理解上自然不會(huì)有鉆不出的“迷宮”。2、說(shuō)明文的層次清晰，整體性強(qiáng)，所以，遞進(jìn)性詞匯和名詞的設(shè)題往往出現(xiàn)得較多。只要把握這些關(guān)鍵，做完形填空便會(huì)得心應(yīng)手，游刃有余?！颕n1990,leaderofallbignationsmetinJapanandagreedtoreduce1CO2

theyputintotheatmosphere.Tenyears2,inNov.2000,theymetagaininHollandtoassess(評(píng)估)thesituationanddecidedwhattodonext.1,A.many B.anumberofC.theamountofD.agoodmany2.A.afterB.lateC.later D.soon議論文就是對(duì)人、事、行為等進(jìn)行的評(píng)論或表達(dá)的看法。議論的內(nèi)容一般是無(wú)法預(yù)知的，作者的態(tài)度和看法又是不可預(yù)知的。所以，我們做題時(shí)，既要看事實(shí)，又要感悟作者的態(tài)度與情感。議論文試題特征：1、目前對(duì)議論文的選材主要集中在夾敘夾議的內(nèi)容上，所以，議論要依據(jù)一定的記敘而進(jìn)行。2、議論文的設(shè)題往往多以上下文為基礎(chǔ)，利用承前信息或滯后信息，使讀者有所依托。3、議論文中表達(dá)作者態(tài)度或看法的詞較多，所以，試題中對(duì)形容詞和副詞的考查往往也較多。應(yīng)試技巧：做議論文時(shí)，通讀、試填、核檢的步驟完整更顯重要。因?yàn)樵谶@類問題上跳躍性較大，例如，僅僅一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折連詞的使用，便可以把上下文的意思來(lái)個(gè)180度的大轉(zhuǎn)彎。再如，形容詞或副詞的設(shè)置往往都無(wú)法從語(yǔ)法上予以取舍，這時(shí)，我們便要感悟作者，感悟主人公，感悟整個(gè)語(yǔ)境。看作者寫文章的目的是什么，是褒、是貶，還是僅僅提出問題，欲以引發(fā)思考；看主人公是喜、怒、心態(tài)如何；再看上下文語(yǔ)意所指，旨在提供什么樣的信息。如此等等，當(dāng)無(wú)定式?！颰heyaresomeofthepoorestpeopleinapovertystrickencountry.____

nowtheyhaveanextrasourceofincome(收入).

A.ButB.AndC.HoweverD.Therefore“Itdoesn’tmake1,”saidoneofheoldermusicmillionaires,whomadeamilliondollarsayearwhenhewaspopular,inthe1950s.“Performersaren’tworththiskindofmoney.Infact,2is.”A.effortsB.progressC.senseD.money2.A.everybodyB.nobodyC.somebodyD.anybody詞匯題高考完形填空考什么？篇章結(jié)構(gòu)

句際關(guān)系Knowwhat四種?？碱愋停?/p>

詞語(yǔ)搭配詞義辨析推斷判斷主旨大意。Theprofessorbeginsbyselectingone

2ofart.Aftergivingusaquickbackgroundontheartist,hewillopenupforclass3.2.A.book B.passageC.text D.work3.A.discussion B.activityC.argumentD.consideration一、詞語(yǔ)搭配類TheotherdayIwassittinginasmallrestaurant1aquietdrinkandatalkwithafewfriendswhenitsuddenly2methatalmosteveryoneintherestaurantwassmoking.Itwasn’tlong3thewholeroomwasfilledwithsmoke.1.A.haveB.hadC.havingD.havehad2.A.seemedB.struckC.sankD.showed3.A.agoB.afterC.beforeD.now二、詞義辨析類在完形填空題各空格所提供的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，往往存在大量同義詞、近義詞、反義詞、同類詞等等（也有一部分沒有任何關(guān)系的詞匯摻在其中），這就要我們予以嚴(yán)格地區(qū)分和細(xì)心地比較，

看其搭配、慣用法，尤其看其內(nèi)涵和外延，即詞義的差異，才能找出一個(gè)合乎情理的答案。★…….ButIwasgoingalongcheerfully,thinkingaboutthedinnerIwouldeatwhenI

36toSalisbury.36.A.reached B.arrivedC.got D.led

Dadlookedatmeagain.“Whenyoudidn’tturnup,Icalledthegaragetoaskiftherewereany1,andtheytoldmeyouhadn’tyetpickedupthecar.”(2004湖南)1.A.questionsB.problemsC.mistakesD.faults

Dadtaughtmealotaboutlife,especiallyitshardtimes.

Irememberedoneofhis

1

,onenightwhenIwasreadytoquit(退出)apoliticalcampaign（運(yùn)動(dòng)）Iwaslosing,andwroteaboutitinmydiary.

Tired,feelingthemonthsof

2

,Iwentuptomystudytomakesomenotes.

1.A.classes

B.advice

C.lessons

D.talks

2.A.struggle

B.working

C.battle

D.defence

Shenoticedhownervoushewasandsuggestedheshouldstandnearthestagewherehecouldwatchandfollowtheplay.

Itwasagood

1

ofgettingridofhisnervousness,shesaid.Shewasright,itseemedto

2

.1.A.idea

B.way

C.path

D.plan2.A.do

B.win

C.work

D.act三、推理判斷類根據(jù)語(yǔ)境分析，進(jìn)行推理判斷，是做完形填空題的必備的素質(zhì)。因?yàn)橥晷翁羁罩械娜魏我痪湓捦疾皇枪铝⒋嬖诘?，而是要靠上下問作依托，看前因后果才能確立的。更何況有些空格中的選項(xiàng)都可能是搭配，但搭配不同，則意義可能就不一樣了。Studentsgenerallyappreciatethesespecial50opportunities.Theyarealmostalwaysfunandinteresting,andprofessors51themtoobecausestudentslearnsomuchinjustafewshortmonths.50.A.workingB,livingC.teachingD.learning51.A.holdB.likeC.dislikeD.discoverOneeveningJackiewasonhiswayhomefromtherailwaystation.Whenheturnedrounda1heheardfootstepsbehindhimandhethought2wascomingnear.Hebegantowalk3.Thefootstepsbecamefaster,too.Hesloweddown.Thefootstepsalso4down.1.A.cornerB.parkC.streetD.way2.A.nooneB.someoneC.anyoneD.everyone3.A.slowlyB.moreslowlyC.fastD.faster4.A.putB.slowedC.becameD.turned★Englishpeopleseemveryquiet____reserved(緘默的),usually.A.thoughB.andC.evenD.but★Itwasjustgettingdark;therewasatouchoffogandIwasonalonelystretchofroad._____Iwasgoingalongcheerfully.

A.But B.And C.Otherwise D.So四、主旨大意題同閱讀理解一樣，完形填空也有對(duì)主旨大意題的考查，只是考查得更為隱蔽，更為靈活而已。如果能破解這樣一道或兩道的設(shè)題（同一篇里不會(huì)有太多這樣的設(shè)置），對(duì)于理清文章思路，統(tǒng)領(lǐng)全篇和把握作者的態(tài)度或思想感情，都有著不可估量的作用，否則可能導(dǎo)致幾個(gè)空格的選填失誤。InChinastudentslearnEnglishatschoolasa1language,exceptforthoseinHongKong,wheremanypeoplespeakEnglishasa2ora3language.1.A.foreignB.native2.A.firstB.foreign3.A.nativeB.second

….Iraisedthepistolandfired.Theanimalfellbackwardswithanangrycry.Fathertookthe____smokingpistolfrommyhand,andfiredanothershot,whichkilledthegorilla.A.stillB.yetC.evenD.already…….FinallyIturnedthekeyinthelockandpushedthedooropen,withDad______complaining(抱怨)aboutahurtingkneeorsomething….

A.yet

B.only

C.evenD.still一、忽視行文邏輯，斷章取義，就題論題。二、脫離語(yǔ)境，濫用固定搭配。三、缺乏必要的生活常識(shí)和不了解

中西文化的差異。

失分原因:knowwhy解題方法:knowhow

總的原則：

“先完意，后完形”。八字方針：

上下求索，瞻前顧后。三步曲：

讀——填——讀靈活的解題技巧1.瞻前顧后、左顧右盼、上下求索。2.掌握固定搭配與同義詞的辨析。3.分清邏輯關(guān)系，注意文中分類、對(duì)比、從屬、并列等關(guān)系所用的詞語(yǔ)。4.充分利用你的常識(shí)。Problemsolvingstrategies上下文語(yǔ)境（context)常識(shí)背景（commonsense）習(xí)慣搭配（phrases&idioms）詞義辨析

（comparison）語(yǔ)法分析（grammaranalysis)邏輯分析

(logicalanalysis)排除法

（exclusivemethod）1、根據(jù)上下文解題(2005NMET)MysisterandIgrewupinalittlevillageinEngland.Ourfatherwasastruggling36,butIalwaysknewhewas37.36.A.biologistB.managerC.lawyerD.gardener37.A.strictB.honestC.specialD.learned…h(huán)enevercriticizedus,butused38(praise)tobringoutourbest…fathersaid:“whenIwas23,mydadpersuadedmetogointolaw”.Iputmyheadin,expectingthe42(worst).Buttomy43(surprise),theroomwasn’temptyatall.Ithadfurniture,curtains,aTV,andevenpaintingsonthewall.Andthenonthewell-madebedsatAmy,mynew44,dressedneatly.44.A.roommateB.classmateC.neighborD.companion

WhenIenteredBerkeley,Ihopedtoearnascholarship……Thelasthurdle(障礙)wasthefinal.Nomatterwhat48Igot,itwouldn’tcancelthreeC-pluses.Imightaswellkissthe49goodbye.…Iwasspeechlesswhenmycoursegradearrived:A-plus.ItwastheonlyA-plusgiven.ThenextyearIreceivedmyscholarship.I’vealwaysrememberedProfessorJayne’slesson:youalonemustsetyourownstandardofexcellence.(2008·北京卷)48.A.gradeB.answerC.lessonD.comment49.A.scholarshipB.courseC.degreeD.subject…ThenIhadtowalkseveralblocksintheincreasinglyheavyrain.WhenIfinallygottomyoffice,Iwas47through,exhaust--edand48.(2008·山東卷)47).A.wetB.weakC.sickD.hurt48).A.ashamedB.discouragedC.surprisedD.puzzled

WhenItookthefirstexam,Iwas38tofinda77,C-plus,onmytestpaper,39Englishwasmybestsubject.IwenttoProfessorJayne,Wholistenedtomyargumentsbutremained40.

(2008·北京卷)38.A.shockedB.worriedC.scaredD.anxious39.A.butB.soC.forD.or40.A.unchangedB.unpleasantC.unfriendlyD.unmoved(08天津卷）

ThenextdayJennawenttoseeMrs.Bidenaboutbeingontheschool25.Mrs.Bidenwasn’tas

26(enthusiastic)asJenna.“I’msorry,butwehaveenough

27(writer)forthenewspaperalready.A.committeeB.newspaperC.radioD.team原詞重現(xiàn)

(08山東卷)Garth’se-mailwasshort,butIlearnedmorefromthat52messagethanIeverdidfromatextbook.A.accurateB.urgentC.briefD.humorous同義詞、近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)

2.根據(jù)固定搭配、詞語(yǔ)辨析解題1)Hewasonlyfourteenandwasnotgoodatswimming__1_.Soheshouldn’thavegoneintothatplace.

1.A.afterallB.inallC.atallD.forall2)SoItriedhardwithmywritingandwenttocollege.Myfirstnovel45whileIwasatcollege.

45.A.cameonB.cameinC.cameoutD.cameback3.（08安徽)Therearemanydifferentwaysofseeingatownforthefirsttime.Oneofthemistowalkaroundit,guide-book36hand.A.inB.atC.byD.on4.（08安徽)Whenwe41(lookat)itasawhole,webegintohavesome42,whicheventhebestguide-booksdonotanswer.A.ideasB.opinionsC.feelingsD.questions

5.(08湖南)Cassielookedatme,andherglare

.Ilaughed,Shesmiled…A.returnedB.remainedC.increasedD.softened6.(08四川）Iknewshehadstrictsleepinghabits,butIthoughtsheoughttobeableto22someofthisstrictness.

A.putupB.takeupC.pickupD.giveup

7).Awomaninhersixtieslivedaloneinherlittlecottagewithapeartreeatthedoor.Shespentallhertimetakingcareofthetree.Butthechildrennearbydroveher21bymakingfunofher.Theywouldclimbhertreeandthenrunawaywithpears,22“AuntyMisery”ather.(2008年·陜西卷)21.A.hopeless B.painfulC.dull D.crazy22.A.calling B.shoutingC.announcing D.whispering

8).

Ontheroadoflife,thehelpofstrangerscan37ourloadsandliftourspirits…

(2008年·重慶卷)37.A.moveB.increasingC.lightenD.carry3).I40tobeoneofthepeopleonthewaytoworkthatmorning.Iwentfromsubwaylinetosubwaylinetofindthatmost(service)41hadstopped.(2008年·山東卷)40.A.usedB.promisedC.deservedD.happened3、根據(jù)邏輯推理解題1)Itwastakingupagreatdealofmytime,andtheheadmasterofmyschoolgavemeachoice;stayinschool47leavetoworkonmymagazine.47.A.besidesB.butC.andD.or

2）.(08天津)Jenna,apopulargirlfromWestwoodMiddleSchool,hadgraduatedfirstinherclassandwasreadyfornewchallengesinhighschool.

,highschoolwasdifferent.A.ThereforeB.HoweverC.OtherwiseD.Besides3）.(08湖北）Neilsonconsidersherselflucky___shesufferedinjuries.A.andB.butC.thoughD.when轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系讓步關(guān)系4、根據(jù)生活常識(shí)解題1).…shewascompetingagainstverytalentedgirls,andsheknewitwouldbe18forhertobeselected.Twohourslater,the19readalistofthegirlsforasecondtryout…(08年·天津)18.A.difficultB.easyC.boringD.interesting19.A.editorB.bossC.candidateD.judge2).Iwasasingleparentoffoursmallchildren,workingatalow-paidjob.Moneywasalwaystight,butwehada36overourheads,foodonthetable,clothesonourbacks,andifnotalot,always37…

(2008年·遼寧卷)36.A.roofB.hatC.sky