2022年12月大學(xué)英語四級(jí)真題及答案解析

12月大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試真題預(yù)測(cè)及答案

PartIWriting(30minutes)

注意：此部分試題在答題卡1上。

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicofCreatinga

GreenCampus.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:

1.建設(shè)綠色校園很重要

2.綠色校園不僅指綠色的環(huán)境……

3.為了建設(shè)綠色校園，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)……

CreatingaGreenCampus

PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)

Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthe

questionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarked

A),B),C)andD).Forquestion8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthe

passage.

Collegestakinganotherlookatvalueofmerit-basedaid

Goodgradesandhightestsscoresstillmatter一alot一tomanycollegesastheyawardfinancialaid.

Butwithlow-incomestudentsprojectedtomakeupanever-largershareofthecollege-bound

populationincomingyears,someschoolsarere-examiningwhetherthataid,typicallyknownas“merit

aid”,isthemosteffectiveuseofpreciousinstitutionaldollars.

GeorgeWashingtonUniversityinWashington,D.C.,forexample,saidlastweekthatitwouldcutthe

valueofitsaveragemeritscholarshipsbyaboutone-thirdandreducethenumberofrecipients(接受者),

pouringthesavings,about$2.5million,intoneed-basedaid.AlleghenyCollegeinMeadville,Pa.,madea

similardecisionthreeyearsago.

Now,HamiltonCollegeinClinton,N.Y.,saysitwillphaseoutmeritscholarshipsaltogether.No

currentmerit-aidrecipientswilllosetheirscholarships,butneed-basedaidalonewillbeawardedbeginning

withstudentsenteringinfall.

Notallcollegesoffermeritaid;generally,themoreselectiveaschool,thelesslikelyitistodoso.

HarvardandPrinceton,forexample,offergenerousneed-basedpackages,butmanyfamilieswhodon't

meetneedeligibility（資格）havebeenwillingtopaywhatevertheymustforabig-nameschool.

Forsmallregionalcollegesthatstrugglejusttofillseats,meritaidcanbeanimportant

revenue-builderbecausemanyrecipientsstillpayenoughtuitiondollarsoverandabovethescholarship

amounttokeeptheinstitutionrunning.

Butforrankings-consciousschoolsinbetween,meritaidhasservedprimarilyasatooltorecruittop

studentsandtoimprovetheiracademicprofits."They'retryingtobuystudents,vsaysSkidmoreCollege

economistSandyBaum.

Studiesshowmeritaidalsotendstobenefitdisproportionatelystudentswhocouldaffordtoenroll

withoutit.

“Aswelooktothefuture,weseeamorepressingneedtoinvestinneed-basedaid,“saysMonica

Inzer,deanofadmissionandfinancialaidatHamilton,whichhasofferedmeritscholarshipsfor10years.

Duringthattime,itroseinUSNews&WorldReport'srankingofthebestliberalartscolleges,from25to

17.

Meritaid,whichbenefitedabout75studentsayear,orabout4%ofitsstudentbody,atacostofabout

$1millionayear,userveduswell,“Inzersays,but“tobediscountingthepriceforfamiliesthatdon'

tneedfinancialaiddoesn'tfeelrightanymore.^^

Need-basedaidremainsbyfarthelargestshareofallstudentaid,whichincludesstate,federaland

institutionalgrants.Butmeritaid,offeredprimarilybyschoolsandstates,isgrowingfaster,bothoverall

andattheinstitutionallevel.

Between1995-96and-04,institutionalmeritaidaloneincreased212%,comparedwith47%for

need-basedgrants.Atleast15statesalsooffermeritaid,typicallyinabidtoenrolltopstudentsinthe

state'spublicinstitutions.

Butinrecentyears,agrowingchorus（異口同聲）ofcriticshasbegunpressuringschoolstodropthe

practice.RecentdecisionsbyHamiltonandothersmaybe“asignthatpeoplearestartingtorealizethat

thereJsthisdestructivecompetitiongoingon,“saysBaum,co-authorofarecentCollegeReportthatraises

concernsabouttheroleofinstitutionalaidnotbasedonneed.

DavidLaird,presidentoftheMinnesotaPrivateCollegeCouncil,saysmanyofhisschoolswouldlike

toreducetheirmeritaidbutfearthatindoingso,theywouldlosetopstudentstotheircompetitors.

“Noonecantakeone-sidedaction,“saysLaird,whoisexploringwhethertoseekanexemption（豁

免）fromfederalanti-trustlawssomembercollegescandiscusshowtheycouldjointlyreducemeritaid,

“Thisisamerry-go-roundthat*sgoingveryfast,andnoneoftheinstitutionsbelievetheycansustainthe

risksoftryingtobreakawaybythemselves.,,

Acomplicatingfactoristhatmeritaidhasbecomesopopularwithmiddle-incomefamilies,whodon'

tqualifyforneed-basedaid,thatmanyhavecometodependonit.And,astuitionscontinuetoincrease,the

linebetweenmeritandneedblurs.

That'sonereasonAlleghenyCollegedoesn'tplantodropmeritaidentirely.

“Westillbelieveinrewardingsuperiorachievementsandknowthatthesetopstudentstrulyvaluethe

scholarship,“saysScottFriedhoff,Allegheny,svicepresidentforenrollment.

EmoryUniversityinAtlanta,whichboastsa$4.7billionendowment（捐贈(zèng)）,meanwhile,istaking

anotherapproach.Thisyear,itannounceditwouldeliminateloansforneedystudentsandcapthemfor

middle-incomefamilies.Atthesametime,itwouldexpandits28-year-oldmeritprogram.

“Yeah,we'replayingthemeritgame,“acknowledgesTomLancaster,associatedeanfor

undergraduateeducation.Butithasitsstrongpoint,too,hesays."Thefactofthematteris,it'snotjust

aboutthelowest-incomepeople.It,stheaverageAmericanmiddle-classfamilywho'sbeingpricedoutof

themarket.^^

*Afewwordsaboutmerit-basedaid:

Merit-basedaidisaidofferedtostudentswhoachieveexcellenceinagivenarea,andisgenerally

knownasacademic,athleticandartisticmeritscholarships.

Academicmeritscholarshipsarebasedonstudents'grades,GPAandoverallacademicperformance

duringhighschool.Theyaretypicallymeantforstudentsgoingstraighttocollegerightafterhighschool.

However,therearescholarshipsforcurrentcollegestudentswithexceptionalgradesaswell.Thesemerit

scholarshipsusuallyhelpstudentspaytuitionbills,andtheycanberenewedeachyearaslongasthe

recipientscontinuetoqualify.Insomecases,studentsmayneedtoberecommendedbytheirschoolora

teacheraspartofthequalificationprocess.

Athleticmeritscholarshipsaremeantforstudentsthatexcel(突出)insportsofanykind,fromfootball

totrackandfieldevents.Recommendationforthesescholarshipsisrequired,sinceexceptionalathletic

performancehastoberecognizedbyacoachorareferee(裁判).Applicantsneedtosendinatape

containingtheirbestperformance.

Artisticmeritscholarshipsrequirethatapplicantsexcelinagivenartisticarea.Thisgenerallyincludes

anycreativefieldsuchasart,design,fashion,music,danceorwriting.Applyingforartisticmerit

scholarshipsusuallyrequiresthatstudentssubmitaportfolio(選輯)ofsomesort,whetherthatincludesa

collectionofartwork,arecordingofamusicalperformanceoravideoofthemdancing.

1.Withmoreandmorelow-incomestudentspursuinghighereducation,anumberofcollegesare

A)offeringstudentsmoremerit-basedaidB)revisingtheirfinancialaidpolicies

C)increasingtheamountoffinancialaidD)changingtheiradmissionprocesses

2.WhatdidAlleghenyCollegeinMeadvilledothreeyearsago?

A)Ittriedtoimplementanovelfinancialaidprogram.

B)Itadded$2.5milliontoitsneed-basedaidprogram.

C)Itphasedoutitsmerit-basedscholarshipsaltogether.

D)Itcutsitsmerit-basedaidtohelptheneedystudents.

3.Thechiefpurposeofrankings-consciouscollegesinofferingmeritaidisto.

A)improveteachingqualityB)boosttheirenrollments

C)attractgoodstudentsD)increasetheirrevenues

4.MonicaInzer,deanofadmissionandfinancialaidatHamilton,believes.

A)itdoesn,tpaytospend$1millionayeartoraiseitsranking

B)itgivesstudentsmotivationtoawardacademicachievements

C)it'sillogicaltousesomuchmoneyononly4%ofitsstudents

D)it'snotrighttogiveaidtothosewhocanaffordthetuition

5.Inrecentyears,merit-basedaidhasincreasedmuchfasterthanneed-basedaiddueto.

A)moregovernmentfundingtocollegesB)fiercecompetitionamonginstitutions

C)theincreasingnumberoftopstudentsD)schools'improvedfinancialsituations

6.Whatistheattitudeofmanyprivatecollegestowardmeritaid,accordingtoDavidLaird?

A)Theywouldliketoseeitreduced.

B)Theyregarditasanecessaryevil.

C)Theythinkitdoesmoreharmthangood.

D)Theyconsideritunfairtomiddle-classfamilies.

7.Whydoesn'tAlleghenyCollegeplantodropmeritaidentirely?

A)Raisingtuitionshavemadecollegeunaffordableformiddle-classfamilies.

B)Withrisingincomes,fewerstudentsareapplyingforneed-basedaid.

C)Manystudentsfrommiddle-incomefamilieshavecometorelyonit.

D)Risingincomeshavedisqualifiedmanystudentsfbrneed-basedaid.

8.Annualrenewalofacademicmeritscholarshipsdependsonwhethertherecipientsremain.

9.Applicantsforathleticmeritscholarshipsneedarecommendationfromacoachorarefereewho

—theirexceptionalathleticperformance.

10.Applicantsfbrartisticmeritscholarshipsmustproduceevidencetoshowtheirina

particularartisticfield

PartHIListeningComprehension(35minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Atthe

endofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththe

conversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.

Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichthe

bestansweris.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswersheet2withasinglelinethroughthe

centre.

Questions11to18arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

11.A)Getsomesmallchange.B)Findashoppingcenter.

C)Cashacheckatabank.D)Findaparkingmeter.

12.A)Shoppingwithhisson.B)Buyingagiftforachild.

C)Promotinganewproduct.D)Bargainingwithasalesgirl.

13.A)Takingphotographs.B)Enhancingimages.

C)Mendingcameras.D)Paintingpictures.

14.A)HemovedtoBaltimorewhenhewasyoung.

B)Hecanprovidelittleusefulinformation.

C)HewillshowthewomanaroundBaltimore.

D)Hewillasksomeoneelsetohelpthewoman.

15.A)Heisratherdisappointed.B)Heishighlyambitious.

C)Hecan,tfaceuptothesituationD)Heknowshisownlimitation.

16.A)ShemusthavepaidalotB)Sheisknowntohaveaterrificfigure.

C)Hergymexercisehasyieldedgoodresults.

D)Herefforttokeepfitisreallypraiseworthy.

17.A)Femalestudentsareunfitforstudyingphysics.

B)Hecanserveasthewoman'stutor.

C)Physicsisanimportantcourseatschool.

D)Theprofessor"ssuggestionisconstructive.

18.A)Indifferent.B)Doubtful.C)Pleased.D)Surprised.

Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

19.A)Heprefersthesmallereveningclasses.B)Hehassignedupforadaycourse.

C)Hehastoworkduringtheday.D)Hefindstheeveningcoursecheaper.

20.A)Learnacomputerlanguage.B)Learndataprocessing.

C)Buysomecomputersoftware.D)Buyafewcoursebooks.

21.A)Thursdayevening,from7:00to9:45.B)FromSeptember1toNewYear*seve.

C)EveryMonday,lastingfbr12weeks.D)Threehoursaweek,45hoursintotal.

22.A)Whattobringforregistration.B)Wheretoattendtheclass.

C)HowhecangettoFrostHall.D)Whetherhecanuseacheck.

Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

23.A)Atrainingcoach.B)Atradingadviser.

C)Aprofessionalmanager.D)Afinancialtrader.

24.A)Hecansaveonlivingexpenses.B)Heconsiderscookingcreative.

C)Hecanenjoyhealthierfood.D)Hethinkstake-awayistasteless.

25.A)Itissomethinginevitable.B)Itisfrustratingsometimes.

C)Ittakespatiencetomanage.D)Itcanbeagoodthing.

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwill

hearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouheara

question,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Then

markthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

26.A)Therewerenoplanetswithoutmoons.B)TherewasnoairorwateronJupiter.

C)Lifewasnotpossibleinouterspace.D)Themysteryoflifecouldnotberesolved.

27.A)Ithasanumberofactivevolcanoes.B)Ithasanatmosphereliketheearth's.

C)Ithasalargeoceanunderitssurface.D)Ithasdeepcavesseveralmileslong.

28.A)Lightisnotanessentialelementtoit.B)Lifecanforminveryhottemperatures.

C)Everyformoflifeundergoesevolution.D)Oxygenisnotneededforsomelifeforms.

PassageTwo

Questions29to31arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

29.A)Whethertheyshouldtakethechildhome.

B)WhatDr.Mayer,sinstructionsexactlywere.

C)Whoshouldtakecareofthechildathome.

D)Whenthechildwouldcompletelyrecover.

30.A)Sheencouragesthemtoaskquestionswhenindoubt.

B)Shemakesthemwritedownallherinstructions.

C)Shehasthemactoutwhattheyaretodoathome.

D)Sheasksthemtorepeatwhattheyaresupposedtodo.

31.A)Itlacksthestabilityoftheprintedword.B)Itcontainsmanygrammaticalerrors.

C)Itisheavilydependentonthecontext.D)Itfacilitatesinterpe

PassageThree

Questions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

32.A)Jobsecurity.B)Goodlabourrelations.

C)Challengingwork.D)Attractivewagesandbenefits.

33.A)Manytediousjobscontinuetobedonemanually.

B)Moreandmoreunskilledworkerswilllosejobs.

C)Computerswillchangethenatureofmanyjobs.

D)Boringjobswillgraduallybemadeenjoyable.

34.A)Offerthemchancesofpromotion.

B)Improvetheirworkingconditions.

C)Encouragethemtocompetewitheachother.

D)Givethemresponsibilitiesaspartofateam.

35.A)Theywillnotbringrealbenefitstothestaff.

B)Theyconcernasmallnumberofpeopleonly.

C)Theyarearbitrarilysetbytheadministrators.

D)Theyarebeyondthecontrolofordinaryworkers.

SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthe

firsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecond

time,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhave

justheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.

Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemain

pointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhat

youhavewritten.

注意：此部分試題在答題卡2上。

Inthehumanities,authorswritetoinformyouinmanyways.Thesemethodscanbe(36)into

threetypesofinformationalwriting:factual,descriptive,andprocess.

Factualwritingprovides(37)informationonanauthor,composer,orartistoronatypeof

music,literature,orart.Examplesoffactualwritingincludenotesonabookjacketor(38)cover

andlongerpieces,suchasanarticledescribingastyleofmusicwhichyoumightreadinamusic(39)

course.Thiskindofwritingprovidesa(40)foryourstudyofthehumanities.

Asitsname(41),descriptivewritingsimplydescribes,orprovidesan(42)of,apiece

ofmusic,art,orliterature.Forexample,descriptivewritingmightlistthecolorsanartistusedinapainting

orthe(43)acomposerincludedinamusicalcomposition,soastomakepicturesorsoundsinthe

reader'smindbycallingupspecificdetailsofthework.(44).

Processwritingexplainsaseriesofactionsthatbringaboutaresult.(45).Thiskindof

writingisoftenfoundinart,whereunderstandinghowanarthascreatedacertaineffectisimportant.(46)

PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectoneword

foreachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassage

throughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Please

markthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Infamilieswithtwoworkingparents,fathersmayhavemoreimpactonachild'slanguage

developmentthanmothers,anewstudysuggests.

Researchers4792familiesform11childcarecentersbeforetheirchildrenwereayearold,

interviewingeachtoestablishincome,levelofeducationandchildcarearrangements.Overall,itwasa

groupofwell-classfamilies,withmarriedparentsbothlivinginthehome.

Whenthechildrenwere2,researchersvideotapedthemathomeinfree-playsessionswithboth

parents,48alloftheirspeech.ThestudywillappearintheNovemberissueofTheJournalofApplied

DevelopmentalPsychology.

Thescientistsmeasuredthe49numberofutterance(話語)oftheparents,thenumberofdifferent

wordstheyused,thecomplexityoftheirsentencesandother50oftheirspeech.Onaverage,fathersspoke

lessthanmothersdid,buttheydidnotdifferinthelengthofutterancesorproportionofquestionsasked.

Finally,theresearchers51thechildren'sspeechatage3,usingastandardizedlanguagetest.Theonly

predictorsofhighscoresonthetestwerethemother*slevelofeducation,the52ofchildcareandthe

numberofdifferentwordsthefatherused.

Theresearchersare53whythefatherJsspeech,andnotthemother,s,hadaneffect.

“It'swell54thatthemother,slanguagedoeshaveanimpact,“saidNadyaPancsofar,theleadauthor

ofthestudy.Itcouldbethatthehigh-functioningmothersinthestudyhad55hadastronginfluenceon

theirchildren'sspeechdevelopment,Ms.Pancsofarsaid,“oritmaybethatmothersare56inawaywe

didn'tmeasureinthestudy.”

注意：此部分試題在答題卡1上。

A)alreadyB)analyzedC)aspectsD)charactersE)contributingF)describing

G)establishedH)qualityI)quotedJ)recordingK)recruitedL)total

M)unconsciousN)unsureO)yet

SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsor

unfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshould

decideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasingleline

throughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Throughoutthislong,tenseelection,everyonehasfocusedonthepresidentialcandidatesandhow

they'11changeAmerica.Rightlyso,butselfishly,TmmorefascinatedbyMichelleObamaandwhatshe

mightbeabletodo,notjustforthiscountry,butformeasanAfrican-Americanwoman.Asthepotential

FirstLady,shewouldhavetheworld'sattention.Andthatmeansthatforthefirsttimepeoplewillhavea

chancetogetupcloseandpersonalwiththetypeofAfrican-Americanwomantheysorarelysee.

Usually,thelivesofblackwomengolargelyunexamined.Theprevailingtheoryseemstobethatwe'

reallhot-temperedsinglemotherswhocan'tkeepaman.Evenintheworldofmake-believe,blackwomen

stillcan'tescapethestereotypeofbeingeye-rolling,oversexedfemalesraisedbyournever-married,

alcoholic(酗酒的J)mothers.

Theseimageshavehelpeddefinethewayallwomenareviewed,includingMichelleObama.Before

sheevergetsthechancetocommittoacause,charityorfoundationasFirstLady,hermosturgentand

perhapsmostcomplicateddutymaybesimpletobeherself.

Itwon'tbeeasy.Becausefewmainstreampublicationshavedonein-depthfeaturesonregular

African-Americanwomen,littleisknownaboutwhoweare,whatwethinkandwhatwefaceonaregular

basis.Forbetterorworse,Michellewillrepresentusall.

Justasshewillhavehercritics,shewillalsohavemillionsoffanswhousuallyhavelittleinterestin

theFirstLady.ManyAfrican-Americanblogshavewrittenaboutwhatthey'dliketoseeMichellebringto

theWhiteHouse一mainlyshowingtheworldthatablackwomancansupporthermanandraiseastrong

blackfamily.Michellewillhavetoworktopleaseeveryone一animpossibletask.Butformany

African-Americanwomenlikeme,justalittleofherpoise(沉著)，confidenceandintelligencewillgoa

longwayinchanginganimagethat'sbeenaroundfbrfartoolong.

57.WhydoesMichelleObamaholdastrongfascinationfortheauthor?

A)SheservesasarolemodelforAfricanwomen.

B)ShepossessesmanyadmirablequalitiesbecomingaFirstLady.

C)ShewillpresenttotheworldanewimageofAfrican-Americanwomen.

D)ShewillpaycloserattentiontotheinterestsofAfrican-Americanwomen.

58.WhatisthecommonstereotypeofAfrican-Americanwomenaccordingtotheauthor?

A)Theyarevictimsofviolence.B)Theyareofaninferiorviolence.

C)Theyusequitealotofbodylanguage.D)Theyliveoncharityandsocialwelfare.

59.WhatdomanyAfrican-Americanswriteaboutintheirblogs?

A)WhetherMichellecanliveuptothehighexpectationsofherfans.

B)HowMichelleshouldbehaveasapublicfigure.

C)HowproudtheyaretohaveablackwomanintheWhiteHouse.

D)WhatMichelleshoulddoaswifeandmotherintheWhiteHouse.

60.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutMichelleObamaasaFirstLady?

A)Howevermanyfansshehas,sheshouldremainmodest,

B)Sheshouldn'tdisappointtheAfrican-Americancommunity.

C)Howeverhardshetries,shecan'texpecttopleaseeverybody.

D)ShewillgiveprioritytoAfrican-Americanwomen'sconcerns.

61.WhatdomanyAfrican-AmericanwomenhopeMichelleObamawilldo?

A)Helpchangetheprevailingviewaboutblackwomen.

B)HelpherhusbandinthetaskofchangingAmerica.

C)OutshinepreviousFirstLady.

D)Fullydisplayherfinequalities.

PassageTwo

Questions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Whennextyear,scropofhigh-schoolgraduatesarriveatOxfordUniversityinthefallof,they'11be

joinedbyanewface;AndrewHamilton,the55-year-oldprovost(教務(wù)長(zhǎng))ofYale,who'11becomeOxford,

svice-chancellor-apositionequivalenttouniversitypresidentinAmerica.

Hamiltonisn'ttheonlyeducatorcrossingtheAtlantic.SchoolsinFrance,Egypt,Singapore,etc,have

alsorecentlymadetop-levelhiresfromabroad.Highereducationhasbecomeabigandcompetitive

businessnowadays,andlikesomanybusinesses,it'sgoneglobal.Yetthetalentflowisn'tuniversal.

High-levelpersonneltendtoheadinonlyonedirection:outwardfromAmerica.

ThechiefreasonisthatAmericanschoolsdon'ttendtoseriouslyconsiderlookingabroad.For

example,whentheboardoftheUniversityofColoradosearchedforanewpresident,itwantedaleader

familiarwiththestategovernment,amajorsourceoftheuniversity'sbudget."Wedidn'tdoanyglobal

consideration,“saysPatriciaHayes,theboard'schair.TheboardultimatelypickedBruceBenson,a

69-year-oldColoradobusinessmanandpoliticalactivist(活動(dòng)家)whoislikelytodowellinthemaintask

ofmodemuniversitypresidents:fund-raising.Fund-raisingisadistinctivelyAmericanthing,sinceU.S.

schoolsrelyheavilyondonations.Thefund-raisingabilityislargelyaproductofexperienceandnecessity.

ManyEuropeanuniversities,meanwhile,arestillmostlydependentongovernmentfunding.But

governmentsupporthasfailedtokeeppacewithrisingstudentnumber.Thedeclineingovernmentsupport

hasmadefunding-raisinganincreasingnecessaryabilityamongadministratorsandhashiringcommittees

hungryforAmericans.

Inthepastfewyears,prominentschoolsaroundtheworldhavejoinedthetrend.In,whenCambridge

UniversityappointedAlisonRichard,anotherformerYaleprovost,asitsvice-chancellor,theuniversity

publiclystressedthatinherpreviousjobshehadoverseen“amajorstrengtheningofYale'sfinancial

position.^^

Ofcourse,fund-raisingisn'ttheonlyskilloutsidersoffer.Theglobalizationofeducationmeansmore

universitieswillbeseekingheadswithinternationalexperienceofsomekindofpromoteinternational

programsandattractaglobalstudentbody.Foreignerscanofferafreshperspectiveonestablished

practices.

62.Whatisthecurrenttrendinhighereducationdiscussedinthepassage?

A)InstitutionsworldwidearehiringadministratorsfromtheU.S.

B)Alotofpoliticalactivistsarebeingrecruitedasadministrators.

C)Americanuniversitiesareenrollingmoreinternationalstudents.

D)Universitypresidentsarepayingmoreattentiontofunding-raising.

63.WhatisthechiefconsiderationofAmericanuniversitieswhenhiringtop-leveladministrators?

A)Thepoliticalcorrectness.B)Theirabilitytoraisefunds.

C)Theirfameinacademiccircles.D)Theiradministrativeexperience.

64.WhatdowelearnaboutEuropeanuniversitiesfromthepassage?

A)Thetuitionstheychargehavebeenrisingconsiderably.

B)Theiroperationisunderstrictgovernmentsupervision.

C)Theyarestrengtheningtheirpos