Unit-4-單元易錯(cuò)綜合練習(xí)

Unit4單元易錯(cuò)綜合練習(xí)（考試時(shí)間：120分鐘試卷滿分：150分）注意事項(xiàng)：1．本試卷分第Ⅰ卷（選擇題）和第Ⅱ卷（非選擇題）兩部分。答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在答題卡上。2．回答第Ⅰ卷時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。寫在本試卷上無(wú)效。3．回答第Ⅱ卷時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無(wú)效。4．考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力（共30分，略）第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AWhenwedonotunderstandeachother’slanguage,wecantalkwiththehelpofbodylanguage.AFrenchmanwasoncetravelinginEngland.Hecouldn’tspeakEnglishatall.Onedayhewentintoarestaurantandsatdownatatable.Whenthewaitercame,heopenedhismouth,puthisfingersinitandtookthemoutagain.Hewantedtosay,“Bringmesomethingtoeat.”Thewaitersoonbroughthimacupoftea.Themanmovedhisheadfromsidetoside.Thewaiterunderstoodhimandtooktheteaaway.Inamomenthecameagainwithacupofcoffeeandputitonthetable.Themanagainrefusedhisoffer.Heshookhisheadwheneverthewaiterbroughthimsomethingtodrink,becausedrinksarenotfood.Whenthemanwasgoingaway,anothermancamein.Thismansawthewaiter,andheputhishandsonhisstomach.Thatwasenough.Inafewminutestherewasalargeplateofmeatandvegetablesonthetableinfrontofhim.Soyousee,wecanunderstandthelanguageofsignsaswellaswecanunderstandthelanguageofwords.1．Accordingtothepassage,whenpeopledonotunderstandeachother’slanguage,theycantalkwiththehelpof________.A．hands,headandotherparts B．a(chǎn)translatorC．a(chǎn)waiter D．a(chǎn)nEnglishspeaker2．AFrenchmansignedtothewaiter________.A．totranslatethewordsB．totellhimwhathesaidC．tobringhimacupofteaD．toaskhimforfood3．Fromthestory,weknow________.A．peoplecanonlyunderstandthelanguageofwordsB．peoplecanunderstandeachotherwiththehelpofthelanguageofsignsaswellasthelanguageofwordsC．peoplecanmakeclearthelanguageofthewaiterandthetranslatorD．peoplecanunderstandthenativelanguageB17-year-oldMariellahasdual(雙)citizenshipbetweentheU.S.andtheU.K.AtthestartofCOVID-19,shehappenedtobeinNewYork,andcouldn’tleaveduetotravelrestrictions.GettingupatdawntogotoonlineschoolbackinEnglandmeantshehadabundanttimeforherownuseintheafternoons,thenshebeganlearningAmericanSignLanguage(ASL).TheteenthoughtseeinganASLinterpreterinactionmighthelpherlearnfaster，butwhenshelookedupmoviesandTVshowsonstreamingplatforms,shediscoveredtheydidn’tuseASLinterpreters.Marielladecidedthenandtheretochangethatfact!SeekinghelpfromASLteachersandthedeafcommunity,shecreatedSignUp,anappthatusesasimpleGoogleChromeextension.ItaddsanASLinterpretertothecornerofmoviessopeoplewhoaredeafcanwatchbothatthesametime.TheteendecidedtofocushereffortsfirstontheDisney+platformbecausethat’swhatshebelieveschildrenwatchthemost.“MysisterandIwereitscrazymoviewatcherswhenwewereyounger,andIcouldn’timaginethatnotbeingapartofourchildhood,”Mariellasaid.Withover1,000usersinlessthantwoweeks,theresponsehasbeennothingshortofthat.“Ididn’tthinkitwouldtakeoffsomuch,”Mariellasaid.“Ithoughtmaybeacoupledozenpeoplewoulduseit,butI’vehad20,000hitsonmywebsiteandjustsomanysharesandlikes.It’sjustblownupinwaysIdidn’tthinkitwould.”Tocoverherdevelopmentandhiringcosts,shehasstartedaGoFundMecampaign,whichhasraisednearly?$1,000ofits?$10,000goal.Mariellaplanstoexpandtheapptoincludeasmanyoftheinternationalsignlanguagesaspossible.“Myhopeisthatwe’llhavealotmoremoviesinterpreted-it’llbeoneveryplatform,”shesaid.4．WhatmadeMariellalearnASL?A．Herdualcitizenship. B．Hertravelrestrictions.C．Herenoughfreetime. D．Herneedtostudyonline.5．WhatdoweknowaboutMariella?A．ShewasonceahugeDisneyfan. B．Shesufferedhearinglossasakid.C．She’searnedmuchfromSignUp. D．She’slivinginadeafcommunity.6．WhatdoesMariellathinkoftheSignUpusers’responses?A．Unreal. B．Unexpected.C．Unreasonable. D．Unsatisfactory.7．WhichwordbestdescribesMariellaastheSignUpdeveloper?A．Cautious. B．Demanding. C．Honest. D．Ambitious.CKokothegorillaknewover1,000signsbasedonAmericanSignLanguage,andusedthemtodoeverythingfromaskingforfoodtojokingaround.Hertrainerandlong-termcompanion,PennyPatterson,thoughtKokowentfurtherstill,signinginnovelwaysandshowingcomplexemotions.AccordingtoMsPatterson,whenacatthatKokolovedwaskilledinanaccident,Kokosigned:“Cat,cry,have-sorry,Koko-love.”WhenKokodiedlastmonth,someofherobituaries(訃告)mournedthegorillawhohad“masteredAmericansignlanguage.”Thencamethebacklash,fromlinguistsandexpertsinsignlanguages.Signlanguageshavecomplexgrammars,equivalenttospokentonguesinexpressiveness.Koko’sability,itwaspointedout,fellwellshortofafluenthumansigner.Moreover,MsPattersonwasherinterpreter,arolethatinvitedthequestionofhowmuchshewasinferringwhatKoko“musthavemeant,”andexplainingawayrandomsigns.Itwashardtobesure:MsPattersonpreferredspeakingtojournalistsoversharinghervideoandrawdataaboutKokowithfellowresearchers.Thereisnodoubtthatanimalscommunicate.Animalsfromoneregioncansharesoundsthatdifferfromgroupsinanother,leadingresearcherstotalkofanimal“dialects.”ThentherearetheremarkableachievementsofKokoandherprimatepredecessors,includingachimpdelightfullynamedNimChimpsky.Yetthereisanimportantdistinctionbetweencommunicationandlanguage.Takethemisleadingterm“bodylanguage.”Itissometimesclaimedthatwordsconveyjust7%ofmeaning,andthatbodylanguageandtoneofvoicedotherest.Thiswildlyoverstretchesanoldstudywhichfoundthatmostemotionalmessaging—asopposedtothepropositionalkind—comesfromtoneandbodylanguage,especiallywhenaneutralwordsuchas“maybe”wasused.Buttryconveyingafactlike“ItwillrainonTuesday”withyoureyebrows,andthedifferencebecomesclear.Languageallowsforclearstatements,questionsandcommands.NimChimpsky’snear-namesake,NoamChomsky,hasarguedthatpeoplehaveakindof“universalgrammar”,andthatallhumankind’slanguagesaremerevariationsonatheme.MrChomskyhaschangedhismindrepeatedlyonwhatconstitutesthecoreofhumanlanguage,butoneobviouscandidateissyntax—rules,notjustwords,whichallowtheconstructionofahugevarietyofmeaningfulutterances(所說(shuō)的話).Thiscapacitymayevenbeinfinite.AnystatementinEnglish,forexample,canbemadelongerbyadding“Hesaidthat…”atthebeginning.Thispropertyiscalledrecursion:asimplestatement(“It’scold”)isembeddedinamorecomplicatedone(“Hesaidthatit’scold”).Humansyntaxalsoallowsforhypotheticals(“Ifshehadn’tarrived…”),talkingpreciselyabouteventsdistantfromthepresent,andsomuchmore.Thatgorillaslacksyntaxshouldnotblindhumanstotheirmagnificence.ButthefactthatKokocouldcommunicateshouldnotmisleadobserversintothinkingshepossessedlanguage.8．WhichstatementaboutKOKOthegorillaistrue?A．Koko’sabilitywassimilartoafluenthumansigner.B．Kokocouldaskforfoodusingsignlanguage.C．Kokowasabletoshowcomplexfeelingsusingsignlanguage.D．Kokowaskilledinanaccident.9．Theunderlinedwordinparagraphtwoisclosestinmeaningto“______.”A．a(chǎn)pproval B．bias C．opposition D．evidence10．LinguistsandsignlanguageexpertsdoubtedKoko’smasteryofAmericansignlanguagebecause______.A．KokowasnotasexpressiveasahumansignerB．KokoseldomneededaninterpreterC．KokowasabletocommunicatewithjournalistsD．Kokofailedtospeakseveralanimal“dialects”11．Whichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthorprobablydisagreewith?A．Humanscanexpresspasteventsusinglanguagewhileapescannot.B．Toneandbodylanguageplayadominantroleinhumancommunication.C．Wordsenablehumanstoconveyclearmeanings.D．Gorillasarestillmagnificentintermsoftheirabilitytocommunicate.DHumansareemotionalbeings,showingfeelingsinourbehaviorandfacialexpressions.Butwhetherthesemeanthesamethingindifferentcultureshasbeenhotlydebated.Nowanewstudyhasfoundthatindifferentsocialcontexts,suchasweddings,funeralsandsports,peopleindeedshowuniversalfacialexpressions.Forthenewstudy,AlanCowen’steamusedamachinelearningmodel,DeepNeuralNetwork(DNN),tosystematicallyanalyzefacialexpressionsinthousandsofdifferentcontexts.ThesecontextscomefrommorethansixmillionvideosuploadedtoYouTubebetweenJuly2009andMay2018bypeoplein144countries.FacialexpressionswereratedbyEnglishspeakersinIndiabyselectingapplicableemotionsfromalistof31labels,resultinginatotalof16distinctfacialexpressions.Meanwhile,contextswereclassifiedinaseparateexperiment.Theresultsshowedthatpeoplefromdifferentculturesshareabout70%ofthefacialexpressionsusedinresponsetodifferentsocialandemotionalsituations.“ThissupportsDarwin’stheorythatexpressingemotionsinourfacesisuniversalamonghumans,”thestudyco-leadauthorDacherKeltnersaid.“Thephysicaldisplayofouremotionsmaydefinewhoweareasaspecies,enhancingourcommunicationandcooperationskillsandensuringoursurvival.”However,LisaBarrett,fromtheNortheasternUniversityCollegeofSciencenotesthattheEnglishspeakersinIndiaweregiventheemotionalwordratingsratherthanlabelingtheexpressionsthemselves.Theyusedemotionlabelssuchas“anger”,“fear”and“sadness”insteadofdescriptiveterms,therebyinferringtheemotionsbehindtheexpressions.Shefurthercommentsthattheraters(評(píng)定者)sawthefacesincontextswhichcan’tnecessarilybeseparatedfromtheemotionsthemselves,andthatthekeypointisthattheratersarefromjustonecountry.“TheultimatevalueofCowenandhiscolleagues’studymightlienotintheanswersitprovides,”sheconcludes,“butintheopportunityforfurtherdiscoverythatitopensup.”12．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．ThestudyisoppositetoDarwin’stheory.B．Peopleindifferentculturesshowsimilarfacialexpressions.C．Theteamconductedthestudybydownloadingfacialexpressions.D．Facialexpressionsandcontextswereclassifiedinthesameexperiment.13．HowdidAlanCowen’steamconductthestudy?A．Byusingalearningmachine.B．ByuploadingvideostoYouTube.C．Byanalyzingfacialexpressions.D．Byusingemotionlabels.14．WhatcanweinferfromDacherKeltner’swords?A．Socialsuccessisdependentonfacialexpressions.B．Facialexpressionshaveconstantlychangedovertime.C．Socialskillsreflecttheabilityofone’sexpressionmanagement.D．Facialexpressionsplayavitalroleinhumans’development.15．WhatisLisaBarrett’sattitudetowardsthestudy?A．Objective. B．Ambiguous. C．Critical. D．Contradictory.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Understandingculturalbodylanguageinothercountriesiskeytomanagingefficientcommunication,especiallywhenwehavenotyetmasteredaforeignlanguage.___16___Ihopethesewillhelpyousocializewhenyoutrytocommunicatewithforeignersinspiteofthelanguagebarrier(障礙).HeadmovementsInsomepartsofIndia,peopletilt(傾斜)theirheadsfromsidetosidetoconfirmsomethingandshowthattheyareactivelylistening.Inwesterncountries,peoplenodtoshowagreement.___17___EyecontactInwesternculture,visualcontactwhenyouspeaktosomeoneisconsideredapositiveaspectofbodylanguage.StrongvisualcontactiscommoninSpainandtheArabiccultureamongpeopleofthesamesex.Notlookingbackwhensomeoneislookingatyouisconsideredimpolite,showinginsecurityordisinterest.___18___InCaribbeancommunities,childrenandteenagersaretaughtnottolookatadultsintheeyeswhentheyarebeingcorrected.GreetingsandgoodbyesShakinghandsisanormalandformalwaytogreetorsaygoodbyeinwesterncountries.___19___InRomania,forexample,onlymenusuallydoit.Andtheyshakehandseverytimetheymeet,notjustthefirst!InEngland,however,it’sunusualtoshakehandswithsomeoneyouareintroducedtoinaninformalsetting.Kissingcheeksissomethingdoneinmanycountries,especiallyinEurope,thoughthenumberofkisses,theoccasionfordoingso,andwhichcheektheystartoffonvary.___20___Whenyoucommunicatewithforeigners,onesecurewayistounderstand.respectandfollowtheculture.A．Bodylanguagevariesfromcountrytocountry.B．Butit’sdoneindifferentcontextsindifferentcountries.C．However,inGreece,noddingactuallymeanstheoppositemeaning.D．Hereareaselectionofgestures(姿勢(shì))andtheirmeaningsindifferentcultures.E．Somecultures,suchasJapaneseculture,considerlong-timevisualcontactawkward.F．Herearefivecommunicationskillsthatyoushouldkeepinmindwheninaforeigncountry.G．However,indifferentcountries,peoplemayhavedifferentexplanationsabouthandsshaking.第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Tolearnanotherlanguageismorethanjustlearningwordsandgrammar;it___21___learningaboutanotherculture,too.Welearnmuchofourownculture’sbodylanguagebeforewelearntospeak,fromthetimeweare___22___,usuallywithoutevenbeingawareofit.Bodylanguageisdifferentfromculturetoculture,andthereforeit’ssomethingtowhichsecondlanguage___23___shouldpayattention.Sometimes,culturaldifferencesinbodylanguagecan__24__discomfortormisunderstandingstoo.Forexample,thereare___25___culturaldifferencesinhowmuchdistanceshouldbekeptbetweentwopeoplewhoarespeakingtogether.Ifyouareusedtopeoplekeepingtheir___26___,youwillfeelveryuncomfortable,andprobably___27___awayrepeatedly,ifsomeonekeepstryingtostand___28___toyouataparty!Wecallthisthe“personalcomfortzone”.Another___29___exampleofmisunderstandingistheuseofa___30___.InsomeAsiancultures,asmilecanshowembarrassmentorapology.However,smilingbackatateacherwhoisunhappywithyou,orastrangerwhosefootyouaccidentally___31___uponisprobablynotagoodideainmostEnglishspeakingcultures!Evenspeakersofthesame___32___,suchasBritish,American,orAustralianpeople,maynotusethe___33___bodylanguageandmustadaptiftheywishto___34___successfully.Britishpeoplearesaidtobemorereservedandformal,ingeneral,andthisisreflectedintheirbodylanguage.Americansareconsideredmoreopenand___35___,whileAustraliansareseenascasualandrelaxed.21．A．resists B．engages C．includes D．grasps22．A．students B．babies C．a(chǎn)dults D．a(chǎn)pplicants23．A．translators B．learners C．a(chǎn)uthors D．a(chǎn)dvisors24．A．involve B．overcome C．cause D．interrupt25．A．definite B．important C．major D．initial26．A．distance B．insight C．consideration D．ease27．A．cast B．move C．handle D．break28．A．higher B．deeper C．lower D．closer29．A．special B．common C．elegant D．outstanding30．A．fist B．scream C．smile D．slap31．A．shifted B．slid C．stepped D．slipped32．A．grammar B．culture C．tradition D．language33．A．obvious B．same C．tight D．different34．A．communicate B．link C．cooperate D．chat35．A．modest B．optimistic C．creative D．outgoing第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分,滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Bodylanguageisusedbypeopleforsendingmessagestooneanother,____36____canhelpyoumakeyourselfeasily____37____(understand).Whenyouaretalkingwithothers,youarenotjustusingwords,butalsousing____38____(gesture).Forexample,wavingone’shand____39____(be)tosay“Goodbye”.Noddingtheheadmeansagreement,butshakingtheheadmeansdisagreement.Differentcountriesusebodylanguage____40____(different).Forexample,meninRussia,FranceandArabcountrieskisseachotherwhentheymeet,butmeninChinaorAustraliashakehandsinstead____41____kissing.IfyoutouchanEnglishperson,youshouldsay“Sorry”.PeopleinArabcountrieslikestandingclosetooneanotherwhentheyaretalking,butEnglishpeoplemustkeep____42____distanceawaywhentheyaretalking.InsomeAsiancountries,youmustnottouchtheheadofanotherperson.Whenyouuseaforeignlanguage,itisveryimportant____43____(know)themeaningsofbodylanguageintheforeigncountry.____44____(follow)thecustomswillhelpyoucommunicatewithpeopleandmakeyourstaytheremuchmorepleasantand_____45_____(comfort).第四部分寫作（共兩節(jié),滿分40分）第一節(jié)（滿分15分）46．假如你是李華，你的英國(guó)朋友Tom將來(lái)中國(guó)旅游，發(fā)郵件向你詢問中英日常生活肢體語(yǔ)言的異同。請(qǐng)你回復(fù)郵件，內(nèi)容包括：1.表示歡迎；2.不同點(diǎn)：在中國(guó)，與長(zhǎng)輩交談時(shí)，低頭避免直視等；3.相似點(diǎn)：見面握手，微笑等。注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡相應(yīng)位置作答。DearTom,________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua第二節(jié)（滿分25分）47．閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Samwasstubbornandlikedtodothingshisownway.Helikedtoeathismealsonefoodatatime-nomixing.HeworehispurplesocksonTuesdaysandhisluckysweaterwheneverhehadaspellingtest.OscarwasSam’sfather.Helikedtodothings,hisownway,too.Whiletheneighborsmowed(割草)theirlawns,Oscar-grew-awildflower-meadow(草場(chǎng)).HegotahaircutonthefirstThursdayofeverymonth,whetherheneededitornot.AndheworehisluckysweatertoeveryoneofSam’sballgames.Samthoughthisdadwasthesmartestmanonearth,andhisdadthoughtSamwasthefinestsonamancouldeverwant...untilthedaytheydecidedtobuildthetreehouse.Samhadapictureinhismind.Oscarhadapictureinhismind.Thepicturesdidn’tmatch.Atthestore,theydisagreedonhowmuchwoodtobuy.Theyarguedabouthowlongthenailsshouldbe.Theyquarreledaboutwhatcolorpainttheyshouldpick.Andwhentheygothome,theyarguedandARGUEDandARGUEDaboutwhichtreewasbest.Samwantedthemaple.Hewouldn’tgivein.Hisdadwantedthehackberry.Hewouldn’tgivein,either.Theboardsandthenailsandthepaintsatinthebackyard.Theysatthereinthehot,summersunshine.Theysattherewhentheautumnleavesfell.Theysatunderablanketofsnowallwinter.“Samissostubborn,”O(jiān)scarcomplainedtoSam’smother,“Ifhe’dlistentoreason,Icouldshowhimwhythehackberryisbest.““Whywon’tDadlistentomyideas?”Samaskedhismom.Sam’smothertriedtalkingtoSam’sdad.Hewouldn’tlisten.ShetriedtalkingtoSam.Itdidnogood.Springcame.Thewildflowermeadowbegantobloom,andbaseballpracticestarted.SoonitwasMother'sDay,andSammadehismotheraclaypotandfilleditwithflowers.Shelovedit.注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。NowFather’sDaywascomingup.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________“Ohno!Ilikethis,“saidhisdad._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________參考答案：1．A2．D3．B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章通過一則小故事，說(shuō)明了當(dāng)語(yǔ)言不通時(shí)，手語(yǔ)就成了人們重要的交流方式。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Whenwedon’tunderstandeachother’slanguage,wecantalkwiththehelpofsigns.(當(dāng)我們不懂對(duì)方的語(yǔ)言時(shí)，我們可以借助手勢(shì)進(jìn)行交談)”可知，當(dāng)人們不懂對(duì)方的語(yǔ)言時(shí)，人們可以用手勢(shì)交流，即他們可以用手、頭和身體的其他部位來(lái)幫助交談。故選A。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Whenthewaitercame,heopenedhismouth,puthisfingersinit,andtookoutagain.Hewantedtosay,“Bringmesomethingtoeat.”(服務(wù)員過來(lái)時(shí)，他張開嘴，把手指放進(jìn)去，又拿了出來(lái)。他想說(shuō)，“給我拿點(diǎn)吃的來(lái)。”)”可知，這個(gè)法國(guó)人做手勢(shì)是想讓服務(wù)員拿點(diǎn)吃的過來(lái)。故選D。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“AFrenchmanwasoncetravelinginEngland.Hecouldn’tspeakEnglishatall.Onedayhewentintoarestaurantandsatdownatatable.Whenthewaitercame,heopenedhismouth,puthisfingersinit,andtookoutagain.Hewantedtosay,“Bringmesomethingtoeat.”(有一次，一個(gè)法國(guó)人在英國(guó)旅行。他根本不會(huì)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。一天，他走進(jìn)一家餐館，在一張桌子旁坐下。服務(wù)員過來(lái)時(shí)，他張開嘴，把手指放進(jìn)去，又拿了出來(lái)。他想說(shuō)，“給我拿點(diǎn)吃的來(lái)?！?”和最后一段“Soyousee,wecanunderstandthelanguageofsignsaswellaswecanunderstandthelanguageofwords.(所以你看，我們能理解手語(yǔ)就像我們能理解語(yǔ)言一樣)”可知，從這個(gè)故事中，我們知道人們可以通過手語(yǔ)和語(yǔ)言來(lái)理解對(duì)方。故選B。4．C5．A6．B7．D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了Mariella在尋求美國(guó)手語(yǔ)教師和聾人社區(qū)的幫助下，她創(chuàng)建了一款名為SignUp的應(yīng)用程序，使用簡(jiǎn)單的谷歌Chrome擴(kuò)展。它在電影的角落增加了一個(gè)美國(guó)手語(yǔ)翻譯，這樣聾人就可以同時(shí)觀看兩種電影。4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“shehadabundanttimeforherownuseintheafternoons,thenshebeganlearningAmericanSignLanguage(ASL).(下午她有充足的時(shí)間自己使用，然后她開始學(xué)習(xí)美國(guó)手語(yǔ)(ASL）)”可知，瑪麗拉有大量的自由時(shí)間，于是她決定學(xué)習(xí)手語(yǔ)。故選C。5．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“MysisterandIwereitscrazymoviewatcherswhenwewereyounger,andIcouldn’timaginethatnotbeingapartofourchildhood(我姐姐和我小時(shí)候都很喜歡看電影，我無(wú)法想象那不是我們童年的一部分)”可知，瑪麗拉和妹妹在小時(shí)候是迪士尼的超級(jí)粉絲。故選A。6．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Withover1,000usersinlessthantwoweeks,theresponsehasbeennothingshortofthat.“Ididn’tthinkitwouldtakeoffsomuch,”Mariellasaid.(在不到兩周的時(shí)間里就有超過1000名用戶，用戶的反應(yīng)也是如此。“我沒想到它會(huì)這么受歡迎，”瑪麗拉說(shuō))”可知，用戶的反應(yīng)出乎她的意料。故選B。7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Mariellaplanstoexpandtheapptoincludeasmanyoftheinternationalsignlanguagesaspossible.“Myhopeisthatwe’llhavealotmoremoviesinterpreted-it’llbeoneveryplatform,”shesaid.(瑪麗埃拉計(jì)劃將該應(yīng)用程序擴(kuò)展到盡可能多的國(guó)際手語(yǔ)。“我希望我們會(huì)有更多的電影被解讀——它會(huì)出現(xiàn)在每個(gè)平臺(tái)上，”她說(shuō)。)”可知，瑪麗拉計(jì)劃將這款應(yīng)用進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)展，包含盡可能多的國(guó)際手語(yǔ)。她希望會(huì)有更多的電影加上手語(yǔ)翻譯，并且希望SignUp出現(xiàn)在每個(gè)平臺(tái)上?，F(xiàn)在她正在融資試圖推廣SignUp的使用。這些說(shuō)明她對(duì)此很有抱負(fù)。故選D。8．B9．C10．A11．B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。語(yǔ)言學(xué)家和手語(yǔ)專家認(rèn)為大猩猩Koko沒有真正掌握美國(guó)手語(yǔ)。他們認(rèn)為動(dòng)物是會(huì)交流的，但是，交流和語(yǔ)言之間有重要的區(qū)別。作者認(rèn)為對(duì)于人類來(lái)說(shuō)，相比于肢體動(dòng)作，語(yǔ)言更能做出清晰的陳述、提問和命令。8．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Kokothegorillaknewover1,000signsbasedonAmericanSignLanguage,andusedthemtodoeverythingfromaskingforfoodtojokingaround.(大猩猩Koko知道超過1000種美國(guó)的手語(yǔ)，并用它們做所有事情，從索要食物到開玩笑。)”可知，Koko通過美國(guó)手語(yǔ)可以作一切事情，包括索要食物。故選B項(xiàng)。9．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)上文“WhenKokodiedlastmonth,someofherobituariesmournedthegorillawhohad‘masteredAmericansignlanguage.’(Koko上個(gè)月去世時(shí)，她的一些訃告哀悼了這只‘掌握了美國(guó)手語(yǔ)’的大猩猩。)”和根據(jù)下文“Koko’sability,itwaspointedout,fellwellshortofafluenthumansigner.Moreover,MsPattersonwasherinterpreter,arolethatinvitedthequestionofhowmuchshewasinferringwhatKoko‘musthavemeant,’andexplainingawayrandomsigns.(有人指出，Koko的能力遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)達(dá)不到一個(gè)流利使用手語(yǔ)的人類。此外，Patterson是她的翻譯，這一角色讓人不禁質(zhì)疑，她在多大程度上推斷了Koko‘一定是什么意思’，并通過解釋消除隨機(jī)的信息。)”可知，下文是對(duì)Koko手語(yǔ)能力的質(zhì)疑和反對(duì)。所以劃線詞backlash意為“強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)”。故選C項(xiàng)。10．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Signlanguageshavecomplexgrammars,equivalenttospokentonguesinexpressiveness.Koko’sability,itwaspointedout,fellwellshortofafluenthumansigner.(手語(yǔ)有復(fù)雜的語(yǔ)法，在表達(dá)能力上相當(dāng)于口語(yǔ)。有人指出，Koko的能力遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)達(dá)不到一個(gè)流利使用手語(yǔ)的人類。)”可知，語(yǔ)言學(xué)家和手語(yǔ)專家認(rèn)為Koko不能像人類手語(yǔ)者那樣流利地使用手語(yǔ)。故選A項(xiàng)。11．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Takethemisleadingterm‘bodylanguage.’Itissometimesclaimedthatwordsconveyjust7%ofmeaning,andthatbodylanguageandtoneofvoicedotherest.(以“肢體語(yǔ)言”這一誤導(dǎo)性術(shù)語(yǔ)為例。有時(shí)人們聲稱，語(yǔ)言只傳達(dá)了7%的意思，而肢體語(yǔ)言和語(yǔ)調(diào)則傳達(dá)了其余的意思。)”以及“Buttryconveyingafactlike‘ItwillrainonTuesday’withyoureyebrows,andthedifferencebecomesclear.Languageallowsforclearstatements,questionsandcommands.(但試著用眉毛傳達(dá)一個(gè)事實(shí)，比如“周二會(huì)下雨”，差別就會(huì)變得很明顯。語(yǔ)言能傳達(dá)清晰的陳述、問題和命令。)”可知，作者對(duì)于并不認(rèn)為聲調(diào)和肢體語(yǔ)言在人類交際中起著主導(dǎo)作用。故選B項(xiàng)。12．B13．C14．D15．A【分析】本文為一篇說(shuō)明文。AlanCowen的團(tuán)隊(duì)進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在不同的文化背景和社會(huì)環(huán)境中，人們會(huì)表現(xiàn)出普遍的面部表情。12．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段關(guān)鍵句“Nowanewstudyhasfoundthatindifferentsocialcontexts,suchasweddings,funeralsandsports,peopleindeedshowuniversalfacialexpressions.(現(xiàn)在一項(xiàng)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在不同的社會(huì)環(huán)境中，比如婚禮、葬禮和體育活動(dòng)，人們確實(shí)會(huì)表現(xiàn)出普遍的面部表情)”可知，不同文化背景的人會(huì)有相似的面部表情。故選B項(xiàng)。13．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段關(guān)鍵句“Forthenewstudy,AlanCowen’steamusedamachinelearningmodel,DeepNeuralNetwork(DNN),tosystematicallyanalyzefacialexpressionsinthousandsofdifferentcontexts.(在這項(xiàng)新研究中，艾倫·考恩的團(tuán)隊(duì)使用了一種機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)模型——深度神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，系統(tǒng)地分析了數(shù)千種不同環(huán)境下的面部表情)”可知，AlanCowen團(tuán)隊(duì)通過分析面部表情進(jìn)行這項(xiàng)研究。故選C項(xiàng)。14．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段關(guān)鍵句“Thephysicaldisplayofouremotionsmaydefinewhoweareasaspecies,enhancingourcommunicationandcooperationskillsandensuringoursurvival.(我們情感的身體表現(xiàn)可能會(huì)定義我們作為一個(gè)物種的身份，增強(qiáng)我們的溝通和合作技能，并確保我們的生存)”可知，面部表情在人類的成長(zhǎng)過程中起著至關(guān)重要的作用。故選D項(xiàng)。15．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段內(nèi)容“Shefurthercommentsthattheraterssawthefacesincontextswhichcan’tnecessarilybeseparatedfromtheemotionsthemselves,andthatthekeypointisthattheratersarefromjustonecountry.“TheultimatevalueofCowenandhiscolleagues’studymightlienotintheanswersitprovides,”sheconcludes,“butintheopportunityforfurtherdiscoverythatitopensup.”(她進(jìn)一步評(píng)論說(shuō)，評(píng)分者是在與情緒本身不可分割的環(huán)境中看到這些面孔的，關(guān)鍵是評(píng)分者只來(lái)自一個(gè)國(guó)家?！癈owen和他的同事研究的最終價(jià)值可能不在于它提供的答案，”她總結(jié)道，“而在于它打開的進(jìn)一步發(fā)現(xiàn)的機(jī)會(huì)?！?”可知，根據(jù)LisaBarrett的觀點(diǎn)可知，她客觀評(píng)價(jià)這項(xiàng)研究的意義，對(duì)于這項(xiàng)研究持客觀態(tài)度。故選A項(xiàng)。16．D17．C18．E19．G20．A【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了一些肢體語(yǔ)言及其在不同文化中的含義，希望對(duì)嘗試和外國(guó)人交流的人有所幫助。16．結(jié)合第二段“InsomepartsofIndia,peopletilt(傾斜)theirheadsfromsidetosidetoconfirmsomethingandshowthattheyareactivelylistening.Inwesterncountries,peoplenodtoshowagreement.(在印度的一些地方，人們把頭從一邊歪到另一邊來(lái)確認(rèn)一些事情，表明他們?cè)诜e極地傾聽。在西方國(guó)家，人們點(diǎn)頭表示同意)”的“在不同文化中，點(diǎn)頭搖頭意味著不同含義”的例子和下文的其他姿勢(shì)也有文化差異的例子，可知本文主要講不同文化中，姿勢(shì)含義不同，D選項(xiàng)“以下是一些姿勢(shì)及其在不同文化中的含義?！鼻蓄}。故選D項(xiàng)。17．由小標(biāo)題“Headmovements(頭部運(yùn)動(dòng))”和上文“Inwesterncountries,peoplenodtoshowagreement.(在西方國(guó)家，人們點(diǎn)頭表示同意)”可知，C選項(xiàng)“然而，在希臘，點(diǎn)頭實(shí)際上意味著相反的意思?！迸c上文形成轉(zhuǎn)折，講不同的頭部運(yùn)動(dòng)在不同的國(guó)家含義不同，點(diǎn)頭在西方國(guó)家表示同意，但在希臘表示不同意。故選C項(xiàng)。18．由小標(biāo)題“Eyecontact(視覺接觸)”，上文“Inwesternculture,visualcontactwhenyouspeaktosomeoneisconsideredapositiveaspectofbodylanguage.StrongvisualcontactiscommoninSpainandtheArabiccultureamongpeopleofthesamesex.(在西方文化中，與人交談時(shí)的視覺接觸被認(rèn)為是肢體語(yǔ)言的積極方面。在西班牙和阿拉伯文化中，同性之間的視覺接觸很常見)”和下文“InCaribbeancommunities,childrenandteenagersaretaughtnottolookatadultsintheeyeswhentheyarebeingcorrected.(在加勒比社區(qū)，兒童和青少年被教育在被錯(cuò)誤時(shí)不要直視成年人的眼睛)”可知，E選項(xiàng)“一些文化，如日本文化，認(rèn)為長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的視覺接觸很尷尬?！背薪由衔闹v在不同的國(guó)家和文化背景下，視覺接觸的含義不同，日本又是一個(gè)例子。故選E項(xiàng)。19．G選項(xiàng)“然而，在不同的國(guó)家，人們可能對(duì)握手有不同的解釋?！迸c上文“Shakinghandsisanormalandformalwaytogreetorsaygoodbyeinwesterncountries.(在西方國(guó)家，握手是一種正常而正式的問候或道別方式)”形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，表明在不同的國(guó)家和文化背景下，握手的含義是不一樣的，引出下文“InRomania,forexample,onlymenusuallydoit.(例如，在羅馬尼亞，通常只有男性才這樣做)”和“InEngland,however,it’sunusualtoshakehandswithsomeoneyouareintroducedtoinaninformalsetting.(然而，在英國(guó)，在非正式場(chǎng)合與被介紹給你的人握手是不常見的)”的具體例子。故選G項(xiàng)。20．該空起總結(jié)上文的作用。結(jié)合上文就“頭部運(yùn)動(dòng)”“視覺接觸”“問候和道別”講明：在不同的國(guó)家和文化背景下，姿勢(shì)含義不一樣，說(shuō)明A選項(xiàng)“