定語(yǔ)從句+導(dǎo)學(xué)案-2025屆高三上學(xué)期英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)專項(xiàng)

定義從句一．定義定語(yǔ)是用來(lái)修飾、限定、說(shuō)明名詞或代詞的品質(zhì)與特征的。

主要由形容詞、名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）、分詞、定語(yǔ)從句等相當(dāng)于形容詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或句子來(lái)充當(dāng)。漢語(yǔ)中常用“……的”表示，定語(yǔ)的位置一般有兩種：用在所修飾詞之前的叫前置定語(yǔ)，用在所修飾詞之后的叫后置定語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)和中心語(yǔ)之間是修飾和被修飾、限制和被限制的關(guān)系。定語(yǔ)從句是指在一個(gè)句子中作定語(yǔ)的句子，定語(yǔ)從句要放在所修飾的詞后。e.g.：1)Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.2)ChongqingisacitywhichisquitepopularonTikTok.二、關(guān)系詞的作用1.連接主從句2.指代先行詞3.充當(dāng)句子成分。三、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句1.關(guān)系副詞在從句中分別表示時(shí)間.地點(diǎn)或原因。關(guān)系副詞when在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，where充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，why充當(dāng)原因狀語(yǔ)。IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool. ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane. 2.that可引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句表示時(shí)間.地點(diǎn)或原因That有時(shí)可以代替關(guān)系副詞when,where或者why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句表示時(shí)間.地點(diǎn)或原因，在that引導(dǎo)的這種定語(yǔ)從句中，that也可以省去。四、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1.who指人，在從句中做主語(yǔ)(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.2.whom指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，?？墒÷?。(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.注意：關(guān)系代詞whom在口語(yǔ)和非正式語(yǔ)體中常用who代替。(3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.3.which指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(which在句子中做主語(yǔ))(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(which在句子中做賓語(yǔ))4.that指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who或者whom;指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which。在賓語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。(5)Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.(在句子中做主語(yǔ))(6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?(在句子中做賓語(yǔ))5.whose既指人又指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做定語(yǔ)。(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.(2)Ilivedinahousewhoseroofisblue.whose指物時(shí)，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)代替(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.(5)Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?=Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?五、As在定語(yǔ)從句中的用法1.引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句(1)as多與such或thesame連用，可以代替先行詞是人或物的名詞。(2)as也可單獨(dú)使用，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，作用相當(dāng)于which。例如：Theelephant'snoseislikeasnake,asanybodycansee.(3)thesame…that與thesame…as在意思上是不同的。2.As引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的位置as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句位置較靈活，可以位于主句前面.中間或后面，一般用逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi)，但which所引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能放在主句之后。例如：(1)Asisexpected,theEnglandteamwonthefootballmatch.（2）—Theearthrunsaroundthesun,asisknownbyeveryone.六、that在定語(yǔ)從句中的用法引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞who，which有時(shí)可與that互換使用。但在下面情況，一般只用that.1.當(dāng)先行詞為不定代詞anything，everything，nothing，any，little，one，few，much，all，none等時(shí)。Thereisn'tmuchthatIcando.b.Heisoneofthefewthatcanworkitoutinfiveminutes.2.當(dāng)先行詞是形容詞級(jí)或被形容詞級(jí)修飾時(shí)。a.ThebookisthebestthatIhaveread.b.Thisisthebiggestlaboratorythatwehaveeverbuiltinouruniversity.3.當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或其被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。a.ItisthethirdonethatI'vebought.b.ThisisthefirstplacethatI‘veevervisited.4.當(dāng)先行詞被thevery，theonly等詞修飾時(shí)。a.Isthistheverymuseumthatyouvisitedtheotherday?b.ThisistheonlybookthatIneedatpresent.5.當(dāng)先行詞包含了人和事物兩方面的含義時(shí)。Theytalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedintheschool.6.當(dāng)先行詞被same修飾，且指“同一物品”時(shí)。Sheiswearingthesamedressthatsheworeyesterday.7.關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)。a.Thisisnolongertheplacethatitusedtobe.b.Heisnotthemanthathewas.8.當(dāng)主句是以who，which開(kāi)頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句或先行詞是who時(shí)。a.Whichisthebookthatheboughtyesterday?b.Whothatyouhaveeverseencanbeathiminthegame?1.Thisisthebag_____mymotherboughtyesterday.A.that B.who C.whom D.this2.Theman_____livesnexttousismyEnglishteacher.A.whom B.which C.who D./3.Thegirl_____yousawinthestreetisMary.A.that B.whose C.which D.as4.Thegirlhandedeverything_____shehadpickedupinthestreettothepolice.A.which B.inwhich C.that D.all5._____cleanstheblackboardshouldbepraised.A.That B.Who C.Theonewho D.Thestudentswho6.Pleaseshowmethebook_____youboughtyesterday.A.which B.whom C.whose D.this7.Thisisthebestbook_____Ihavebeenlookingforallthisyear.A.who B.whom C.which D./8.Thefactory_____Mr.Liusedtoworkwasclosedlastweek.A.when B.where C.that D.which9.Doyoustillremembertheday_____wefirstmet?A.that B.when C.what D.onthat10.Thefirsttime___IsawPremierZhouwasin1958.A.when B.where C.which D.that語(yǔ)篇填空(在下列空格中填入適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞)Doyouknowtheman1.________wrotethisbook？HewasJason,oneoftheengineers2.________camefromRussiainthe1950s.Heworkedinthesamefactory3.________myfatheronceworked.WhenhecametoChina,thefirstthing4.________hedidwastovisitthefactory5.________didresearchontrolleybusesandfoundoutthereason6.________Chinawassobackwardinit.Thenhespen