英語諷刺反諷修辭

Irony、Ridicule、Sarcasm

——辨析

Irony,akindofrhetorical,meansdeliberatelyusetheoppositewordstoexpresstheoriginalmeaning.Italwaysuseexaggerated,overmodestor

nottrue

words

toexpresstheintention.

Thefeatureofthesewordsisthatonthesurfaceitispraiseorneutralwords,ontheheartitiscriticizeordemeaningtosb./sth.

Itscharacteristicishumor.Thetwokindsofirony:Verbalirony(詞義反語)&Situational-irony(情景反語)Irony（反語）：

…My

friend

the

attorney-general

says

that

John

Scopes

knowswhat

he

is

here

for…(P13)…我的朋友檢察長先生方才告訴我們說約翰?司科普斯知道他為什么會被帶上法庭…

After

a

while,

itis

the

setting

of

man

against

man

and

creed

against

creed

until

we

are

marching

backwards

to

the

glorious

age

of

the

sixteenth

century

when

bigots

lighted

faggots

to

burnthe

menwho

dared

to

bring

any

intelligence

and

enlightenment

and

cultureto

the

human

mind.

(P14)要不了多久，社會上便會是一種人與人為仇，教派與教派為敵的局面,直到我們的社會大踏步地退回到十六世紀那光輝的年代，那時如果有誰膽敢給人類帶來智慧、知識和文化，就會被那些愚昧的偏執(zhí)狂們點燃柴堆活活燒死。

Irony（反語）：Not

long

ago

I

went

back

to

Dayton

for

the

first

time

since

my

trial

37

years

ago.

The

little

town

looked

much

the

same

tome.

ButnowthereisaWilliamJenningsBryanuniversityonahill-topoverlookingthevalley.(P47)前不久，我在那次審判三十七年之后第一次重返戴頓。在我眼中，小鎮(zhèn)景物依舊，只是多了一所威廉?詹寧斯?布萊恩大學，它坐落在一個小山坡上，俯視著下面的山谷。Itexcelsallformsofhumanwickednessintheefficiencyofit’scrueltyandferociousaggression.納粹政權在殘酷鎮(zhèn)壓和瘋狂侵略方面極為拿手,人類過去這方面的一切卑劣行徑都望塵末及。Irony（反語）：Sarcasm

(諷刺)：

Itmeansbitterandwoundingremark.Usually,itreferstotheuseofvitriolic（刻薄的）words,evenharshscolding.Bothuseirony,metaphor.Themostimportantisthatitcoulddirectlycriticizeothers,phenomenonandsoon.Itintentionallyhurtthefeelingsofothers,soitoftencontainsquiteastrongderogatorysense(貶義).Sarcasm

(諷刺)：

"There

is

some

doubt

about

that,"

Darrow

snorted.(P19)“這話怕不一定對哩，”達羅哼著鼻子說。

Dudley

Field

Malone

popped

up

to

reply.

"Mr.

Bryan

is

not

the

only

one

who

has

the

right

to

speak

for

theBible,”

he

observed.

"There

are

other

people

in

this

countrywho

have

given

up

their

whole

lives

to

God

and

religion.

Mr.

Bryan,

with

passionate

spirit

and

enthusiasm,has

givenmost

of

his

life

to

politics."

(P23)德雷?費爾德?馬隆跳起來反駁布萊恩?！安既R恩可不是唯一有資格為《圣經(jīng)》辯護的人，”他說?！霸谖覀冞@一國度，還有些人將自己的全部生命都奉獻給了上帝和宗教。而布萊恩先生卻滿腔熱情地將自己的大半生命獻給了政治。”

Ridicule

(嘲弄/嘲笑):Ridiculeusejokeorbelittlewordstoarousepeople’scontempt,mock,hate,etc.tosb./sth..Itisusedtorevealtheridiculousappearance,messanddifficultsituationorstupidbehavior,sothatproduceakindofcontempt,belittle,mockeryordefacingeffectofthings.Itwasthemostfierceandsharpironyrhetoricdevices.Ridicule

(嘲弄/嘲笑):

Bryan,

ageing

and

paunchy,

was

assisted

in

his

prosecutionby

his

son,

also

a

lawyer,

and

Tennessee’s

brilliant

young

attorney-general,

Tom

Stewart.(P11)布萊恩的樣子老態(tài)龍鐘，大腹便便。協(xié)助他進行起訴工作的有他的兒子,也是個律師

,以及田納西州年輕有為的檢察長湯姆?斯圖爾特。

"He

didn't

say

a

cat

was

the

same

as

a

man?"

Darrow

asked.

“他沒有說貓和人完全一樣吧?”達羅問。(P17)Ridicule

(嘲弄/嘲笑):

One

entrepreneur

rented

a

shop

window

to

display

an

ape.

Spectators

paid

to

gaze

at

it

and

ponder

whether

they

might

berelated.

"The

poor

brute

cowered

in

a

corner

with

his

hands

over

hiseyes,

”

a

reporter

noted,

"afraid

it

might

be

true.

”還有一個承包商租了一個商店櫥窗來展出一只猿猴。有些人便花錢去觀看這只