中考英語總復(fù)習(xí)語法知識(shí)第5節(jié)形容詞和副詞課件

中考語法知識(shí)第五節(jié)形容詞和副詞廣東省卷近4年中考統(tǒng)計(jì)(※語法選擇◆完形填空★短文填空)考點(diǎn)2020年2021年2022年2023年形容詞和副詞原級(jí)★little◆suddenly◆completely★proud※excitedly★good

★ago※successfully※hard

★how★popular形容詞和副詞比較級(jí)★more※better—★more※greater廣東省卷近4年中考統(tǒng)計(jì)(※語法選擇◆完形填空★短文填空)考點(diǎn)2020年2021年2022年2023年形容詞和副詞最高級(jí)—※thelongest——形容詞和副詞辨析◆popular◆short◆future◆right◆seriously◆popular◆difficult◆slowly◆cheerful◆finally◆luckiest廣東省卷近4年中考統(tǒng)計(jì)(※語法選擇◆完形填空★短文填空)命題趨向從近4年廣東中考的情況來看，形容詞和副詞集中出現(xiàn)在完形填空中。形容詞主要考查比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)和詞義辨析，副詞主要考查詞義辨析。2024年考生備考時(shí)應(yīng)掌握好形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)，常見的形容詞和副詞的詞義辨析，同時(shí)也要注意副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。中考說明近4年的廣東中考英語對(duì)形容詞和副詞的考查仍然是重要考點(diǎn)，2024年備考時(shí)應(yīng)掌握好形容詞和副詞的基本用法、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的用法，

此外還有常用的句型以及形容詞和副詞在句子中的辨析?？键c(diǎn)一：形容詞形容詞用來修飾名詞或代詞，

表示人或事物的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征。一、形容詞的用法序號(hào)用法例句1形容詞在句中作定語、表語或賓語補(bǔ)足語Thisisabeautifulcountry.(作定語)Thefishwentbad.(作表語)Wekeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.(作賓語補(bǔ)足語)序號(hào)用法例句2形容詞修飾something,anything,nothing,everything等復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)，

形容詞位于復(fù)合不定代詞后面Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.Isthereanythinginterestinginthefilm？序號(hào)用法例句3用and或or連接起來的兩個(gè)形容詞作定語時(shí)，一般把它們置于被修飾的名詞后面，

起進(jìn)一步解釋的作用Youcantakeanyboxaway,bigorsmall.4“the＋形容詞”表示一類人或物Therichshouldhelpthepoor.【針對(duì)練習(xí)】1．(2023沈陽，22,23)Hewas__(1)__tofindthebarrelswereplacedingoodorder.Thelittleboysmiledhappilyandtoldhisfather，“It’savery__(2)__way,thatis,tomakethebarrelsheavier.”(

)(1)A．worried B．interestedC．excited D．bored(

)(2)A．simple B．foolishC．strange D．dangerousC

A

(

)2．(2023煙臺(tái)，21)Hehas________goalsasme：getinshape，getintomusicmoreseriously,andbegoodatJapanese.A．strange B．magicC．similar D．boring(

)3．—Didyoupassthetest?—Yes.I’mvery________foryouradvice.A．thankful B．carefulC．useful D．helpfulC

A

(

)4．Mysisterisstillvery________withmebecauseIbrokehernewpencil-boxyesterday.A．popular B．satisfiedC．honest D．a(chǎn)ngry(

)5．Areyoualone？Ijustwanta_____wordwithyou.A．single B．newC．private D．certainD

C

二、形容詞比較等級(jí)的構(gòu)成(一)規(guī)則變化序號(hào)要點(diǎn)例詞1一般在詞尾加-er/-estsmall—smaller—smallest,high—higher—highest2以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的，

在詞尾加-r/-stnice—nicer—nicest,large—larger—largest序號(hào)要點(diǎn)例詞3以“輔音字母＋y”結(jié)尾的形容詞，

先把y變成i,再加-er/-esteasy—easier—easiest,happy—happier—happiest4以輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞，

先雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母，

再加-er/-estbig—bigger—biggest,hot—hotter—hottest5部分雙音節(jié)詞和所有多音節(jié)詞，

在其前加more/mostpopular—morepopular—mostpopular,delicious—moredelicious—mostdelicious(二)不規(guī)則變化原級(jí)比

較

級(jí)最

高

級(jí)good/wellbetterbestbad/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest注意：(1)有些形容詞一般沒有比較級(jí)，

如：wrong,empty,perfect等；(2)形容詞前加單詞less或least,則表示“較不”或“最不”?！踞槍?duì)練習(xí)】(

)1．(2023揚(yáng)州，10)Slowcookingseemstoholdthetasteofthemeatmuch________.A．good B．wellC．better D．bestC

(

)2．—Whatistheworld’s________mountain?—MountQomolangma.A．high B．thehighestC．higher D．highestD

(

)3．—Whosehomeis________fromschool,Alice’sorDaisy’s?—Alice’s,Ithink.A．far B．fartherC．farthest D．thefarthestB

(

)4．—Youshouldn’teattoomuchjunkfood.It’sbadforyourhealth.—You’reright.________junkfoodIeat,________Iwillbe.A．Theless;thehealthier B．Theless;thehealthyC．Themore;thehealthier D．Themore;thehealthyA

(

)5．Comparedwitha1-dayweekend,a2-dayweekendis________aswemayhaveenoughtimeforourhobbies.A．morepleasant B．lesspleasantC．themostpleasant D．theleastpleasantA

三、形容詞比較等級(jí)的用法(一)形容詞原級(jí)和比較級(jí)的用法序號(hào)用法例句1比較級(jí)用于兩者不同級(jí)的比較(一般含有形容詞比較級(jí)的主句＋從屬連詞than引導(dǎo)的從句，

從句中常省去意義上與主句相同的部分)HeistallerthanI(am).Thebridgeiswiderthanthatone.序號(hào)用法例句2原級(jí)用于兩者同級(jí)的比較：表示“和……一樣”時(shí)，

用“as…as”；表示“和……不一樣”時(shí)，

用“notas/so…as”Thehouseisasbigasthatone.Sheisasbusyasabee.Tomisnotas/sooldasPeter.3兩者比較也可用：the＋比較級(jí)＋of短語(比較范圍)Tomisthetallerofthetwo.Itisthenarrowerofthetwostreets.序號(hào)用法例句4表示“越來越……”時(shí)，

用“比較級(jí)＋and＋比較級(jí)/moreandmore＋adj.”O(jiān)urcountryisbecomingstrongerandstronger.It’sgettingmoreandmorepopular.5表示“越……，就越……”時(shí)，

用“the＋比較級(jí)…,the＋比較級(jí)…”Thebusierheis,thehappierhefeels.Thesooner,thebetter.序號(hào)用法例句6比較級(jí)前可以用表示程度的狀語來修飾：even,still,much,many,far,alittle,abit,alot,agreatdeal,slightly等Theradioisevenbetter.It’sstillcoldertoday.ThestudentmadealotmoremistakesthanIdid.Thisroomisslightlybiggerthanthatone.注意：(1)進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，

比較的各方用詞必須一致，

即比較的內(nèi)容要一致。如：ThepopulationofChinaismuchlargerthanthatoftheUSA．(2)進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，

應(yīng)把比較的本身排除。如：Lucyistallerthananyotherstudentinherclass.但ShanghaiislargerthananycityinAfrica.(any是“任何一個(gè)”之意，即上海不屬于非洲范圍)；ShanghaiislargerthananyothercityinChina.(anyother是“其他任何一個(gè)”之意，即上海屬于中國(guó)范圍)(二)形容詞最高級(jí)的用法用法例句用于三者或三者以上的比較(一般形式：定冠詞the＋形容詞最高級(jí)＋名詞＋表示范圍的短語或從句)ChinaisthelargestcountryinAsia.ThePacificisbyfarthelargestoceanintheworld.注意：(1)最高級(jí)前可以放一個(gè)狀語或定語。如：HainanisChina’ssecondlargestisland.(2)最高級(jí)作表語，

并且又不與其他人或物相比較時(shí)，

其前可省去定冠詞the。如：Mary’shandwritingisbest.(3)most可表示“非?！钡囊馑迹?/p>

即不表示“最”的意義，

此時(shí)其前可用不定冠詞。如：Thisisamostinterestingstory.【針對(duì)練習(xí)】(

)1．(2023大連，1)Nowadaystravellingbyhigh-speedtrainisas________astravellingbyairinChina.A．popular B．morepopularC．mostpopular D．themostpopularA

(

)2．(2023長(zhǎng)春，2)Nothingis________thanaglassofwaterwhenyouarethirsty.A．nice B．nicerC．nicest D．thenicest(

)3．It’sbelievedthatplayingcomputergamestoomuchdoes________harmthangood.A．many B．muchC．more D．mostB

C

(

)4．Creditcards(信用卡)matteralot________thanbefore.Weusuallypaywithsmart-phonesnow.A．little B．fewerC．less D．moreC

(

)5．Bobknowshowtocutthecostoftheproject.I’msurehecandotheworkwith________moneyand________people.A．less;less B．fewer;moreC．more;fewer D．less;fewerD

(

)6．I’veheardthatZhuhaiChimelongOceanKingdomisoneof________oceanparksinAsia.A．verylarge B．thelargerC．muchlarger D．thelargestD

考點(diǎn)二：副詞副詞是用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子的一類詞，

它可以表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、程度或疑問等。一、副詞的用法及位置用法位置例句狀語(1)多數(shù)副詞位于動(dòng)詞之后，

如果動(dòng)詞帶有賓語，

則位于賓語之后(2)頻度副詞通常位于實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前，

但是位于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞be之后(3)程度副詞一般位于所修飾的形容詞和副詞的前面，

但enough作副詞用時(shí)，

通常位于被修飾詞的后面Itisraininghard.LucyspeaksEnglishquitewell.I’veneverheardhimsinging.Sheisseldomill.Don’tdrivetoofast.Itisaratherdifficultjob.Hedidn’tworkhardenough.用法位置例句表語位于系動(dòng)詞后Haveyoubeenawayonholiday？定語(后置)一般位于被修飾的名詞之后Thepeoplethereareveryfriendly.Onmywayhome,Imetmyuncle.復(fù)合賓語位于及物動(dòng)詞之后Isawyououtwithmyfriendtheotherday.【針對(duì)練習(xí)】(

)1．(2023廣州，15)LittleSixcried________whilehisbrothersandsistersstillfoughthard，tryingtoflyup.A．happy B．happierC．happily D．happinessC

(

)2．(2023沈陽，16)Thelittleboyfeltveryunhappyandcried.Hisfathercameandsaid________,“Son,don’tbesad.Wemayhavenowaytodealwiththewind,butwemayhavewaysforyou,sowecanhaveourownwaystobeatthewind.”A．strictly B．kindlyC．wildly D．nervouslyB

(

)3．(2023河南，43)Hecouldhardlywaittoseewhetheritcouldkeeptherainoff.Hecarefullyplacedthehatonhisheadandstartedwalking________alongthestreet.Itworked!A．heavily B．madlyC．thankfully D．purposefullyD

(

)4．Shelived________inasmallvillage,butshedidn’tfeel________.A．lonely;lonely B．a(chǎn)lone;lonelyC．lonely;alone D．a(chǎn)lone;alone(

)5．Let’sdoit________.Thereisonlyfiveminutesleft.A．slowly B．hardlyC．quickly D．politelyB

C

二、副詞的分類序號(hào)分類用法例句1時(shí)間副詞

時(shí)間副詞通常用來表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間。常見的時(shí)間副詞有：now,today,tomorrow,yesterday,before,late,early,never,seldom,sometimes,often,usually,always等Heoftencomestoschoollate.Whatarewegoingtodotomorrow?HehasneverbeentoBeijing.序號(hào)分類用法例句2地點(diǎn)副詞地點(diǎn)副詞通常用來表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)。常見的地點(diǎn)副詞有：here,there,inside,outside,home,upstairs,downstairs,down,up,off,on,in,out,anywhere,everywhere,nowhere,somewhere等Imetanoldfriendofmineonmywayhome.Hewentupstairs.Writedownyournamehere.序號(hào)分類用法例句3方式副詞方式副詞一般都用于回答“怎樣的”這類問題，

其中絕大部分都是由一個(gè)形容詞加-ly構(gòu)成的，

有少數(shù)方式副詞不帶詞尾-ly,它們與形容詞同形。常見的方式副詞有：anxiously,badly,bravely,calmly,carefully,proudly,rapidly,suddenly,successfully,angrily,happily,slowly,warmly,quickly,well,fast,hard,alone,high,straight等Theoldmanwalkedhomeslowly.Pleaselistentotheteachercarefully.Thebirdsareflyinghigh.Herunsveryfast.序號(hào)分類用法例句4程度副詞程度副詞多數(shù)用來修飾形容詞和副詞，

有少數(shù)用來修飾動(dòng)詞或介詞短語。常見的程度副詞有：much,(a)little,abit,very,so,too,enough,quite,rather,pretty,greatly,completely,nearly,almost,deeply,hardly,partly等Herpronunciationisverygood.Shesingsquitewell.Icanhardlyagreewithyou.序號(hào)分類用法例句5疑問副詞疑問副詞常用來引導(dǎo)特殊疑問句。常見的疑問副詞有：how,when,where,why等Howareyougettingalongwithyourstudies?Wherewereyouyesterday?Whydidyoudothat？【針對(duì)練習(xí)】(

)1．(2023宿遷，29)Mr.Henson’svoicewasstrong,andthestore’smusic________stoppedplayingwhenhemadetheannouncement.Mommusthaveheardhim.A．never B．evenC．quite D．everB

(

)2．(2023宜昌，12)Asourcoach,he________believesthateveryonehastheirowntalent.A．strongly B．hardlyC．nearly D．suddenlyA

(

)3．—IheardSammyhadbeenrecommendedforthe“VirtueTeenagerAward”．—Yes,shealwaysthinksofothersbut________thinksofherself.A．especially B．onlyC．usually D．hardlyD

(

)4．Takecarewhenyouaredriving,________inasummerstormlikethis.A．immediately B．especiallyC．probably D．recently(

)5．Everyoneinourneighborhoodlovesmygrandmabecausesheis________kindtoothers.A．never B．a(chǎn)lwaysC．seldom D．sometimesB

B

三、副詞比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)的用法序號(hào)用法例句1比較級(jí)用于兩者不同級(jí)的比較Hegotupmuchearliertodaythanyesterday.2原級(jí)用于兩者同級(jí)的比較：表示“和……一樣”時(shí)，

用“as…as…”；表示“和……不一樣”時(shí)，

用“notas/so…as…”TomspeaksEnglishaswellasAlicedoes.Thishorseisgettingoldandcannotrunas/sofastasitdid.序號(hào)用法例句3最高級(jí)用于三者或三者以上的比較，

最高級(jí)前可加定冠詞the也可不加Ofallthestudentsinourclass,shewrites(the)mostbeautifully.【針對(duì)練習(xí)】(

)1．(2023營(yíng)口，7)ChatGPTcanmakeaplan________thanwedo.A．muchquickly B．morequickC．evenquick D．farmorequicklyD

(

)2．Theblacksofalooksas________astheblueone,butyou’llsit________ontheblueone.A．comfortably;comfortablyB．comfortable;comfortablyC．comfortable;morecomfortablyD．comfortable;morecomfortableC

(

)3．—Whatdoyouthinkofthiskindofclayart?—Great！Ihaveneverseena________one.A．beautiful B．morebeautiful C．muchbeautiful D．morebeautifullyB

(

)4．—SarahischosenastheguidefortheFashionShow.—Great!NoonespeaksEnglish________her.A．a(chǎn)sbeautifulas B．a(chǎn)sbadlyasC．worsethan D．betterthanD

(

)5．—Whatacarefulboyyouare!—Thankyou.Infact,Tomdoeseverything_______thanme.A．morecareful B．morecarefullyC．muchcareful D．muchcarelessB

完成句子1．Second,Ishould____________________myselfandmyfamily.Ishouldbe____________instead