【擷話題·過(guò)教材】第十單元：科普知識(shí)和現(xiàn)代技術(shù)

第十單元科普知識(shí)和現(xiàn)代技術(shù)話題課標(biāo)要求話題細(xì)目人教版課本話題布局第十單元科普知識(shí)和現(xiàn)代技術(shù)通訊(Communications)寫(xiě)信(Writingletters)Book9Unit5Whataretheshirtsmadeof?Book9Unit6Whenwasitinvented?Book8AUnit7Willpeoplehaverobots?打電話(Makingphonecalls)使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)(UsingtheInternet)科普知識(shí)與現(xiàn)代技術(shù)(Popularscienceandmoderntechnology)數(shù)字與數(shù)據(jù)(Figuresanddata)科普知識(shí)(Popularscience)發(fā)明與技術(shù)(Inventionsandtechnologicaladvances)信息技術(shù)(Informationtechnology)擷話題·考易一、科技文本中的產(chǎn)品相關(guān)概念、名稱1.paper

n.紙2.pollution

n.污染3.predictionn.預(yù)言4.futuren.未來(lái)5.environmentn.環(huán)境6.planetn.行星誦詞匯·記易7.earth

n.地球8.plantn.植物9.peace

n.和平10.sean.海洋11.skyn.天空12.astronautn.宇航員13.rocketn.火箭14.space

n.太空;空間15.humann.人類16.factory

n.工廠17.shapen.形狀18.wordn.詞;話語(yǔ)19.siden.邊;面20.materialn.材料21.chopsticksn.筷子22.coin

n.硬幣23.forkn.叉子24.blousen.女士襯衫25.silvern.銀26.glass

n.玻璃27.cottonn.棉花28.steeln.鋼鐵29.grass

n.草30.leafn.樹(shù)葉31.processn.流程32.brandn.品牌33.product

n.產(chǎn)品34.handbagn.手提包35.surfacen.表面36.postmann.郵遞員37.competitor

n.競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者38.gloven.手套39.traffic

n.交通40.formn.形式41.clayn.黏土42.balloonn.氣球43.scissorsn.剪刀44.fairn.展覽會(huì)45.bossn.老板46.mobilephone

n.手機(jī)47.capn.帽子48.heatn.熱量49.heeln.鞋跟50.electricity

n.電51.scoopn.舀勺52.style

n.風(fēng)格53.project

n.工程54.website

n.網(wǎng)站55.pioneern.先驅(qū)者56.listn.清單57.smell

n.氣味58.fridgen.冰箱59.lockn.鎖60.earthquake

n.地震61.biscuitn.餅干62.cookien.曲奇餅63.instrumentn.器具64.customern.顧客65.basket

n.籃子66.theOlympicsn.奧運(yùn)會(huì)67.hero

n.英雄68.rulern.尺子69.traden.貿(mào)易70.belln.鈴71.zippern.拉鏈72.Germanyn.德國(guó)73.Francen.法國(guó)二、科技文本中相關(guān)描述性詞74.dangerous

adj.危險(xiǎn)的75.possible

adj.可能的76.impossible

adj.不可能的77.local

adj.當(dāng)?shù)氐?8.international

adj.國(guó)際的79.livelyadj.生機(jī)勃勃的80.everydayadj.日常的81.environmentaladj.環(huán)境的82.daily

adj.日常的83.suddenadj.突然的84.crispyadj.脆的85.souradj.酸的86.musical

adj.音樂(lè)的87.national

adj.國(guó)家的88.lowadj.低的三、科技文本中相關(guān)動(dòng)詞89.pollutev.污染90.believe

v.相信91.disagreev.不同意92.produce

v.生產(chǎn)93.fallv.數(shù)量減少94.avoid

v.避免95.polishv.磨光96.complete

v.完成97.boilv.煮沸98.mention

v.提及99.smellv.嗅100.translatev.翻譯101.lockv.上鎖102.divide

v.分割103.remainv.遺留104.doubtv.質(zhì)疑四、科技文本中的副詞105.already

adv.已經(jīng)106.evenadv.甚至107.probably

adv.很可能108.insideadv.在里面109.widely

adv.廣泛地110.nearly

adv.幾乎111.servantn.仆人112.partn.部分113.apartmentn.公寓114.holiday

n.假日115.pleasure

n.愉快116.saintn.圣人117.during

prep.在……期間118.somebodyn.某人五、話題單元中的其他單詞1.There

will

bemorepollution.將會(huì)有更多的污染。

Therewillbe...句型是Therebe句型的一般將來(lái)時(shí)形式,表示對(duì)未來(lái)存在某物

的描述。如:?Therewillbemorepeopleinthefuture.未來(lái)將有更多的人。

過(guò)教材·學(xué)優(yōu)Therewillbe...=Thereisgoingtobe...后者更傾向于已經(jīng)有預(yù)兆,或者有計(jì)

劃。如:?Thereisgoingtobeaconcerttomorrownight.明晚將有一場(chǎng)音樂(lè)會(huì)。

Therebe句型的一般過(guò)去時(shí)形式為T(mén)herewas或Therewere;現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)形式

為T(mén)herehavebeen或Therehasbeen。2.theenvironmentwillbe

in

great

danger.……環(huán)境將處于極大的危險(xiǎn)中。beindanger表示處于危險(xiǎn)狀態(tài)。be動(dòng)詞隨主語(yǔ)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化而變化。如:?Thesharksareindangertheseyears.這些年,鯊魚(yú)處于危險(xiǎn)中。

bein+n.表示“處于……狀態(tài)”。beinneed表示“處于所需要的狀態(tài)”。

bein+n.有時(shí)可以表示一個(gè)副詞的意思。如:beinsurprise=surprisedly。3.Everyoneshouldplay

a

part

insavingtheearth.人人都應(yīng)該參與拯救地球。playapartin...在……當(dāng)中扮演重要角色或發(fā)揮重要作用。如:?Heplayedanimportantpartinthisactivity.他在此次活動(dòng)中扮演著重要的角色。

與part相關(guān)的短語(yǔ)還有:takepartin...參加……;partwith...放棄……。

表示“在……中發(fā)揮重要作用或?qū)Αa(chǎn)生影響”的短語(yǔ)還有:playarole

in...;makeadifferenceto...;haveaninfluenceon...。4.—Thisringlooks

nice.Is

it

made

ofsilver?—Yes,andit

was

made

inThailand.——這枚戒指看起來(lái)很漂亮,它是銀制的嗎?——是的。并且是泰國(guó)制造

的。

bemadeof...用……制成(成品能看出原材料)Thedeskismadeofwood.這張桌子是用木頭制成的。bemadefrom...用……制成(成品看不出原材料)Paperismadeofwood.紙張是用木頭制成的。bemadein/at...在……地方被制成ThemobilephoneismadeinChina.這款手機(jī)是中國(guó)制造的。

與make相關(guān)的其他短語(yǔ):makemistakes犯錯(cuò)誤;makeupone'smindtodo下

定決心去做;makeprogress取得進(jìn)步;makeplans制訂計(jì)劃;makeadecision做

決定;makeachoice做出選擇;makeanoise制造噪音。

除make以外,表示制作的單詞還有produce,produce更傾向于正式的規(guī)模生

產(chǎn)。如:?SilkismostlyproducedinJiangsuProvince.絲綢主要是在江蘇生產(chǎn)的。5....Americanscanhardlyavoid

buyingproductsmadeinChina.……美國(guó)人很難避免買(mǎi)到中國(guó)制造的產(chǎn)品。

avoidsth./doingsth.避免某事/做某事。如:?Hecheckedhispaperonceagaintoavoidanymistakes.他又一次檢查了試卷以避免錯(cuò)誤。?Igotupearlytoavoidbeinglateforschool.我早早起床,以免上學(xué)遲到。

像avoid一樣,后跟sth./doingsth.作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)還有:enjoysth./doingsth.

喜歡某事/做某事;lookforwardtosth./doingsth.期待某事/做某事;finishsth./

doingsth.完成某事/做某事。

表示“避免,以免”之意的短語(yǔ)還有:inordernottodo;soasnottodo。6....skylanternswere

first

used

byZhugeKongming.……孔明燈是由諸葛孔明首先使用的。

beusedby...被……使用。如:?Gunsareusedbysoldierstokeeppeace.士兵們用槍來(lái)維護(hù)和平。

beusedtodo被用來(lái)做……beusedfordoing被用來(lái)做……beused+地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)被在……使用?Chopsticksareusedtotakefoodfromplates.筷子被用來(lái)從盤(pán)子里夾取食物。?DronesareusedforsendinggoodsnowinAmerica.無(wú)人機(jī)現(xiàn)在在美國(guó)被用來(lái)送貨。?Englishiswidelyusedaroundtheworld.英語(yǔ)在世界上被廣泛使用。usedtodo過(guò)去常常做某事beusedtodoing習(xí)慣做某事?Heusedtoplaytheguitarattheparty.他過(guò)去常常在派對(duì)上彈吉他。Heisusedtogoingtobedlateeveryevening.他已經(jīng)習(xí)慣每天晚上晚睡。7.Theyare

seen

asbrightsymbolsofhappinessandgoodwishes.它們被視為是幸福和美好祝愿的光明象征。

beseenas被視為……。如:?Dogsareseenasthebestfriendofhumanbeings.狗被視為是人類最好的朋友。

主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的see...as...表示“將……視為……”。如:?Iseehimasoneofmyfamily.我視他為我的家人之一。辨析look,see,read與watchlook是不及物動(dòng)詞,強(qiáng)調(diào)“看”的動(dòng)作,接賓語(yǔ)時(shí),后加at;see強(qiáng)調(diào)“看”的結(jié)果,表示看見(jiàn),可以直接加賓語(yǔ);read通常用來(lái)表達(dá)看書(shū)、報(bào)、雜志、信等文字性內(nèi)容;watch意為“觀看,注視”,強(qiáng)調(diào)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間觀看運(yùn)動(dòng)著的事物或影像。8.InEngland,teadidn'tappearuntilaround1660...在英國(guó),茶直到大約1660年才出現(xiàn)……

until常和否定詞搭配,not...until、never...until表示“直到……才……”。如:?Hedidn'tknowaboutthisuntilItoldhimit.直到我告訴了他,他才知道這件事。?Theheavyrainwillneverstopuntiltomorrow.這場(chǎng)大雨只有到了明天才會(huì)停。until還可以用于肯定句中,表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到某個(gè)時(shí)刻。如:?Theshowinthehistorymuseumwillbeonuntilnextweek.歷史博物館的展覽開(kāi)放到下周。

until的同義詞為till,用法相似。9.ThetelephonewasinventedbyAlexanderGrahamBell.電話是由亞歷山大·格拉漢姆·貝爾發(fā)明的。

invent是及物動(dòng)詞,意為“發(fā)明”,也是科技文體中常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞。sb.inventsth.

意為“某人發(fā)明了某物”。如:?CarlBenzinventedthecar.卡爾·奔馳發(fā)明了汽車。inventorn.發(fā)明者inventionn.發(fā)明?EdisonisoneofthegreatestinventorsinAmericanhistory.愛(ài)迪生是美國(guó)歷史上最偉大的發(fā)明家之一。?Therehavebeenmanygreatinventionsinthetwenty-firstcentury.在21世紀(jì)已有很多偉大的發(fā)明。

discover意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)”,discover的對(duì)象是一直存在的,未被人們認(rèn)識(shí)或發(fā)現(xiàn)的

東西。invent意為“發(fā)明”,invent的對(duì)象是之前沒(méi)有的,被創(chuàng)造出來(lái)的。10.It

is

believed

thatthefirstbasketballgameinhistorywasplayedonDecember

21,1891.人們公認(rèn)歷史上的第一場(chǎng)籃球賽是在1891年12月21日進(jìn)行的。

Itisbelievedthat...意為“人們公認(rèn)……”,后接賓語(yǔ)從句。如:?ItisbelievedthatInternethasgreatlychangedthewaywelive.人們公認(rèn)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)很大程度上改變了我們生活的方式。與believe相關(guān)的短語(yǔ)還有:believein信任。如:?Friendsshouldbelieveinoneanother.朋友們應(yīng)該彼此信任。

采用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表達(dá)的短語(yǔ)還有:Itissaidthat...據(jù)說(shuō)……;Itisknownthat...人們

都知道……。一、英語(yǔ)學(xué)科素養(yǎng)隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,科技英語(yǔ)已經(jīng)深入到我們生活中的很多方面。我

省在中考試題中也多次采用科技題材類文章?？萍加⒄Z(yǔ)無(wú)論在語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)還

是詞匯方面都形成了它特有的習(xí)慣用法、特點(diǎn)和規(guī)律。科技英語(yǔ)除了具有

和普通英語(yǔ)相同的共性之外,又具有其個(gè)性?？萍颊Z(yǔ)言的總的要求是以最少

的文字符號(hào)準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)、傳遞最大的信息量。為此,語(yǔ)言精練、結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊就

成了科技語(yǔ)言的突出特征。由于科技文章反映科學(xué)家的思考和工作方法。科技英語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)包括:針對(duì)性(文章緊扣主題)、簡(jiǎn)潔性(結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊,用詞簡(jiǎn)潔明寫(xiě)話題·文優(yōu)了)、連貫性(術(shù)語(yǔ)數(shù)字的引證具有前后一致性)、精確性、合理安排(科技文

章中表達(dá)的信息、觀點(diǎn)和思想要符合邏輯順序)、直觀手段(科技文章常附

有各種表格、圖表、公式和符號(hào)來(lái)說(shuō)明或論證問(wèn)題,無(wú)需用文字再說(shuō)明)等?；谏鲜鎏攸c(diǎn),掌握科技類英語(yǔ)文本的閱讀有助于培養(yǎng)學(xué)生縝密分析、謹(jǐn)慎

邏輯、規(guī)范表達(dá)語(yǔ)言的思維習(xí)慣。二、表達(dá)交流共享(一)中考書(shū)面表達(dá)命題分析

話題類型

科技類話題作文在全國(guó)的中考試題中出現(xiàn)的頻度較小。主要涉及以下三類:1.科技產(chǎn)品特征、用途的表達(dá)2.科技產(chǎn)品對(duì)于生活影響的表達(dá)3.科技產(chǎn)品未來(lái)走勢(shì)的常用表達(dá)(命題示例)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的發(fā)明雖然時(shí)間不長(zhǎng),但是已經(jīng)改變了我們的生活方式。你

校正在舉辦以“TheInternetHasChangedOurLife”為題的英語(yǔ)征文活動(dòng)。

請(qǐng)根據(jù)信息提示,寫(xiě)一篇英語(yǔ)文章進(jìn)行投稿。(1)beinventedbytheUSgovernmentinthe1960s(2)bewidelyusedinourdailylife(3)influenceonourlife(4)thefutureofInternet要求:1.包含提示全部信息。2.不能出現(xiàn)與本人相關(guān)的任何信息。3.詞數(shù)110左右。

1.從互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的歷史、用途、對(duì)生活的影響以及未來(lái)走勢(shì)等方面進(jìn)行闡述。

寫(xiě)作時(shí),應(yīng)注意包含全部?jī)?nèi)容要點(diǎn)并分段,使文章有邏輯性、連貫性。2.談及互聯(lián)網(wǎng)對(duì)生活的影響的時(shí)候,可以引用過(guò)去事例來(lái)說(shuō)明,注意使用與過(guò)

去相關(guān)的時(shí)態(tài)。

TheInternetHasChangedOurLifeTheInternetwasinventednotsolongagobytheUSgovernmentinthe1960s.

Atfirst,onlyafewpeoplecouldbeabletouseit.However,ithasdevelopedin

sucharapidway,whichmakesitoneofthegreatestinventionsofthecentury.Nowadays,theInternetiswidelyusedinourdailylife.Forexample,shopownersopentheirshopsontheInternetanditmakesiteasierforcustomerstochoose

whattheylikejustbyclickingtheirmouse.Besides,youcanbookthetickets

onlineinsteadofgoingtothetrainstationandwaitinginline.TheInternetnotonlymakesourlifemoreconvenientbutalsobringsgreatchangestohowpeople

thinkanddothings.(二)話題核心句型應(yīng)用

精典句型

1.TheInternetisoneofthemostimportantinventionsinhumanhistory.互聯(lián)網(wǎng)是人類歷史上最重要的發(fā)明之一。

oneof+the+形容詞最高級(jí)+名詞復(fù)數(shù)意為“最……的……之一”。2.Studiesshowthatnearly80percentofthepopulationareusingtheInternetforshopping.研究表明將近有80%的人口在使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)購(gòu)物。

Studiesshowthat...意為“研究表明……”。

Asurveyshowsthat...調(diào)查顯示……;Accordingtoarecentresearch...根據(jù)最近的一項(xiàng)研究……。3.Thelargeemissionofcarbondioxideleadstotheincreasingtemperatureofthe

earth.二氧化碳的大量排放導(dǎo)致了地球氣溫的升高。

leadto...導(dǎo)致……,后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞。

表示前因后果的短語(yǔ)還有resultin...,asaresult,dueto...,becauseof...,thanksto...。4.ThereisnowonderthatChinaenjoysthefastestscientificandtechnological

progress.毫無(wú)疑問(wèn),中國(guó)是科技領(lǐng)域增速最快的國(guó)家。

Thereisnowonderthat...表示“肯定/無(wú)疑……”。

表示相似意思的還有:Thereisnodoubtthat...,Itiscertainthat...,Itisknownforsurethat...。5.Inaword,theappearanceofmobilephoneshasreallymadeabigdifferencetopeople'slives.總而言之,手機(jī)的出現(xiàn)對(duì)人們的生活的確產(chǎn)生了很大影響。

inaword常用于結(jié)束段落的總結(jié)。

用于科技文體結(jié)束段落總結(jié)的開(kāi)頭短語(yǔ)還有:inconclusion,forthisreason,allinall等。6.Unlikehumans,robotscan'tbecreativeinsomeways,butitcantaketheplace

ofhumansinmanyfields.不像人類一樣,機(jī)器人在某些方面不如人類有創(chuàng)意,但是它可以在很多領(lǐng)域取

代人類。

使用unlike來(lái)形成對(duì)比,以突顯描寫(xiě)對(duì)象的特點(diǎn)。

類似的短語(yǔ)還有comparedwith...,justas...。(三)寫(xiě)作范例詳解在近幾年的全國(guó)中考題中,2017年廣州市中考題的書(shū)面表達(dá)與本話題相關(guān)。(2017·廣東廣州)假如你發(fā)明的“飛行單車”在學(xué)?？萍脊?jié)中獲獎(jiǎng),被推薦參加一個(gè)國(guó)際

青少年科技展覽。請(qǐng)用英語(yǔ)介紹你的發(fā)明,內(nèi)容包括下圖中1~4項(xiàng)。注意:(1)參考詞匯:輪子wheel太陽(yáng)能solarpower(2)詞數(shù)80左右(文章的開(kāi)頭已給出,不計(jì)入詞數(shù))。(3)不得透露學(xué)校、姓名等任何個(gè)人信息,否則不予評(píng)分。Myinventionisaflyingbike....

審題要素

1.從題目中獲悉本文的文體為說(shuō)明文?？忌鷳?yīng)按照一定的說(shuō)明順序?qū)萍?/p>

物品進(jìn)行描述。2.說(shuō)明時(shí),要抓住描寫(xiě)對(duì)象的特點(diǎn),分類描述。3.在寫(xiě)改進(jìn)計(jì)劃時(shí),要分析目前產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)還存在的不足之處,充分發(fā)揮想象力。4.由題目要求可知本文還含有一定的推薦目的,所以要將青少年科技展的特

點(diǎn)和飛行單車的特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行有機(jī)融合。

寫(xiě)作模板

范文點(diǎn)評(píng)①M(fèi)yinventionisaflyingbike.

②Theflyingbikeisverycoolandmodernwithtwowheelsandapairofwings.Youcanrideitonthegroundorflyintheair.Besides,whenyou'reusingtheflyingbike,youcannotonlytakepicturesofthebeautifulsceneryoutside,butalsocommunicatewithotherpeople.③Therearemanyadvantagesoftheflyingbike.Firstly,itshighspeedcanhelpyoureachanywhereyoulikeefficiently.Secondly,withsolarpowerasitsenergy,itdoesn'tcausepollution.Therefore,itishelp-fultoprotecttheenvironment.④However,I'llimprovetheflyingbikeinordertomakeitmorehelpful.Inmyopinion,theflyingbikeshouldbelighterinweightsothatpeoplecouldcarryitconveniently.⑤Inconclusion,theflyingbikewillbeofgreatbenefit.Ibelieveit'llbeverypopularinthefuture.①開(kāi)頭點(diǎn)出本文的寫(xiě)作目的,引入“發(fā)明”這一話題。②介紹發(fā)明的外形和用途。使用連接詞語(yǔ)來(lái)使文章連貫。③本段著重介紹發(fā)明的優(yōu)勢(shì)特點(diǎn)。采用次序詞分點(diǎn)描述,語(yǔ)言清晰。④本段淺談對(duì)于發(fā)明的改進(jìn)。采用連接短語(yǔ)表示改進(jìn)的目的。⑤本段總結(jié),并對(duì)前景表達(dá)美好的意愿。(四)考場(chǎng)作文練筆(原創(chuàng)題)網(wǎng)絡(luò)是20世紀(jì)的重要發(fā)明之一,并已成為我們生活中必不可缺的一

部分。有了網(wǎng)絡(luò),我們可以足不出戶做很多事情。請(qǐng)你結(jié)合親身經(jīng)歷,談一談

你對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的看法,并談?wù)勄嗌倌陸?yīng)如何正確使用網(wǎng)絡(luò)。要求:1.詞數(shù)80左右;2.不得出現(xiàn)真實(shí)的人名、校名。TheInternetisoneofthegreatestinventionsoftheage.Noonecaneven

livewithoutitnowbecauseitreallyhashadagreatinfluenceoneveryone'slife.TherearemanyexperiencesthattheInternetbroughtmeconvenienceandoneof

themisthemostunforgettable.Lastyear,onefriendofmymother's,Aunt

Mary,wasseriouslyillandsheneededtogotoadoctorinBeijing.Unluckily,

shelivedfarfromthetrainstationandcouldn'tgetatrainticket.WhenIheard

aboutthat,Ipromisedtohelpheratoncebybuyingaticketonlinewithmymobilephone.Justwithintenminutes,Igotthejobdone.AuntMarywasquite

happythatshecouldgotoBeijingandmymomwassoproudofme.AlthoughtheInternethasbeenanirreplaceablepartofourlife,weteenagers

shouldputittogooduse.Itisquiteeasyforustofindusefulinformationonthe

Internet.Forexample,wecanreadbookswelikeontheInternetinsteadofbuyingbooksinthebookstore.Besides,wecanlearnEnglishbytakingonline

courses.

審題要素

1.抓住本文的文體:夾敘夾議,和本文的話題:互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。2.要結(jié)合親身經(jīng)歷來(lái)談。3.在寫(xiě)作時(shí)要從多個(gè)角度表述,必要的話,可以舉例說(shuō)明。

重點(diǎn)句型

1.Itis+adj.+forsb.todosth.對(duì)于某人而言,做某事是怎樣的。例:ItisveryeasyforustolookforinformationontheInternet.2.Thereisnoneeddoingsth.做某事是沒(méi)有必要的。例:WithInternet,thereisnoneedgoingtoeveryshoptofindthingsyouwant.Ⅰ.(2019·原創(chuàng)預(yù)測(cè))補(bǔ)全對(duì)話(每小題1分,共5分)(TomandMaryaretalkingaboutSiri,thevoiceassistantofApple)A:Hi,Mary.Comeandtrythisnewtechnologycalledvoiceassistant.B:Thatsoundsinteresting.1.

A:Iwillshowyou.Listencarefully.Hey,Siri!2.

Siri:Itisgoingtoraintomorrow.Thetemperaturewillbefromsixteentothirty

degrees.B:Wow!It'samazing!3.

練話題·績(jī)優(yōu)A:Yeah.Besides,itcananswerotherquestionsandprovidemoreusefulinformation.B:4.

A:Iagreewithyou.Itmakesourlivesmoreconvenient.5.

B:Ofcourse.Thanks!A.Itcanspeaklikearealman.B.Whatcanitdoforyou?C.Doyouwantatry?D.How'stheweatherliketoday?E.Whatwilltheweatherbeliketomorrow?F.Doyouthinkitishelpful?G.Sciencecansurelymakeadifferencetoourlife.答案1.B2.E3.A4.G5.CⅡ.完形填空(每小題1分,共10分)Spacetravelisnothingnew.Thefirstspaceshipwithahumanwassentup

1

spacein1961.Sincethen,peoplehavenotonlytraveledtospace,2

manyofthemhavealsolivedthereinspacestationsforsometime.TheSovietUnion(蘇聯(lián))sentthe3

spacestationintospacein1971.ThisspacestationwascalledSalyutI.It

4

asaplacewherepeoplecouldlive

whiletheyobservedspaceanddidexperiments.Thefirstgroupofastronauts

livedtherefor23days.TheSovietUnionwentontomakesevenmoreSalyut

spacestations.Ataboutthesametime,theUnitedStateshad

5

ownspace

station,calledSkylab.

Astronauts6

inthesespacestationsforashorttime.However,itwasn'tuntil

thelate1980swhentheSovietUnionsenttheMirspacestationthatpeoplebegantoliveinspacefora7

time.Livinginspacestationsseemstobefun,butastronautsfacemanyproblems.Oneofthem8

food.Allthe9

onspacestationsareputtogetheronEarthand

senttherebyspaceship.Becausethefoodhastolastalongtime,alotofithastobestoredincans.The

spacestationdoesnothaveafridge,butithasacoolroomtokeepfruitandvegetablesfresh.

Astronautsalsoeatmanyotherfoods

10

driedmeatthatdonotneedspecial

care.1.A.into

B.with

C.of2.A.or

B.but

C.unless3.A.ones

B.one

C.first4.A.found

B.wasbuilt

C.wasbrought5.A.them

B.they

C.its6.A.lived

B.played

C.took7.A.more

B.shorter

C.longer8.A.am

B.is

C.are9.A.apple

B.vegetable

C.meals10.A.suchas

B.atlast

C.nextto答案1-5ABCBC6-10ACBCAⅢ.閱讀理解(每小題2分,共40分)A

(2019·原創(chuàng)預(yù)測(cè))1.MarthaIamabookloverandIlovereading.Ioftentraveltodifferentcitiesandliketogotobook-storestheretobuybooksIlike.Butsometimes,Idon'tknowwherethesebookstoresareandIdon'twanttoaskpeopletheway.2.TomIamabusi-nessmanandlovereadingbooks.TheproblemisthatIdon'treallyhavemuchtimetowalkinthebookstoretofindthebooksthatfitme.AndIdon'tliketoreade-bookseither.Ithinkitisbadformyeyes.3.CarlaIamamoviefan.ButIhatewaitinginalonglinetobuytickets.Sometimes,whenafamousmovieison,Ihavetowaitfor1-2hoursbeforeIcangetatic-kettothenextround.Ireallyhopethereisaneasyandquickwaytodothis.4.BobIamreallyinterestedinmobilephones.Myfriendsoftenaskmeforadviceonbuyingdifferentmobile

phones.Ineedahelpertoprovidemewithideasabouttheseproducts.5.JackIliketoreadnovels.ButtheyareverylongandIreallydon'thavesparetimetoreadthebook.AllI

haveiswhenIamonthebus,sitinthediningroomandsoon.Ineedanapptooffermenovelstoread

anytimeIlike.

A.iReaderWiththisapp,youcanreadbookswheneveryoulike.Somebooksarefreeandothersrequirepayment.If

youarequitebusyanddon'thaveenoughtimetoholdabook,youcantrythisapp.

B.BaiduMapItisamapappthatcangivedirectionstowhereveryouwanttogo.Youjustneedtotypeintheaddress

orthenameofthebuilding,anditwillshowyouthewaybydrawingalineonthemap.Itisuseful,espe-

ciallywhenyouareinastrangecity.

C.DangdangDangdangisanappusefulforcus-tomerstobuydifferentgoods,especiallybooks.Ifyoulikebooksanddon'twanttospendmuchtimewalkinginabookstoretolookforbooks,youcandownload(下載)thisapp.

D.ZealerIfyouareafanofmodernscienceandtec-hnologyonmobilephonesandotherITproducts,youcan'thaveneverheardofZealer.Thisisanappofacompanywhichtestsdifferentproductsandintroducesthemtothecustomerstomakebuyingdecisions.

E.MaoyanMovieThisisanappfortickets—thetic-ketsformovies,showsandperformances.Youcanbuyorordertickets

withthisapp.Andthen,allyouhavetodoistoputtheQRcodes(二維碼)underthescannerofthecinema,andthenyoucangettheticketyou'veordered.

F.iMovieDoyouliketomakeyourownmovie?Trythisapp.Ithasmanywaysofmakingmoviesanditisquiteprofessional.Remembertoshareyourownmoviewithyourfriends.1.B2.C3.E4.D5.AB(2018·天津)Inthe13thcentury,MarcoPolo,theworldknownItaliantraveller,sawmany

wonderfulthingsinChina.Oneofthethingshediscoveredwasmoneymadeof

paper.PeopleintheWestdidnothavesuchkindofmoneyuntilthe15thcentury.However,theChinesebegantouseitinthe7thcentury.PaperwasinventedbyaChinesemancalledCaiLunalmost2,000yearsago.

ButitwasnotmadeinEuropeuntiltheyear1100.Fourhundredyearslater,a

Germandiscoveredthathecouldmakethebestpaperfromtrees.Afterthatcountriesrichinforests,suchasCanada,Sweden,America,Finlandbecamethemost

importantonesinpapermaking.Papercanbeusedinmanyways.Thecommonusesincludenewspapers,magazinesandbooks.Butdoyouknowthatpapercanbeusedforkeepingwarm?In

Finland,thefarmerswearpaperbootstokeeptheirfeetwarminthesnow.And

evenhousescanbeinsulated(使絕緣)fromheatorcoldwithpaper.However,wehavetounderstandthatpaperstillcomesfromtreesnow.Ifwe

keeponwastingsomuchpaper,therewillnotbeanytreesleftontheearthsome

dayinthenearfuture.Everydaypeoplethrowawayabout2,800tonsofpaperinourcity.Ittakes17treestomakeonetonofpaper.Thismeansthatwearecuttingdownnearly48,000treeseveryday.Thefactisthatittakesmorethan10

yearsforatreetogrow.Sowemuststartsavingpaperrightnow.Wecanusebothsidesofeverypieceof

paper.Wecanmakeusefulthingsoutofusedpaper.Wecanusechinacupsinsteadofpaperones.Whenshopping,wecanusefewerpaperbagsandreuse

themifwehavesome.Inshort,weshouldkeepabalance(平衡)betweenusingpaperandprotecting

trees,anddoitnowbeforeitistoolate.1.WhendidtheChinesebegintousepapermoney?A.Inthe5thcentury.B.Inthe6thcentury.C.Inthe7thcentury.D.Inthe15thcentury.2.WhydidCanadabecomeanimportantcountryinpapermaking?A.Becauseitwasalargecountry.B.Becauseithadlotsofforests.C.Becauseitwasaveryrichcountry.D.BecausetheinventorwasfromCanada.3.InFinland,paperisusedfor

.A.makingbeds

B.reducingwasteC.makingumbrellas

D.keepingwarm4.Accordingtothepassage,howmanytreesareneededtomakeonetonofpaper?A.10.

B.17.

C.2,800.

D.48,000.5.Paragraph5mainlytalksabout

.A.howpaperbootsaremade

B.howpaperwasinventedC.howwecansavepaperD.howwecanmakeusefulthings答案1.C2.B3.D4.B5.CC(2018·河北)閱讀短文,并按要求完成1~5題。Artificialintelligence(AI)(人工智能)isgrowingrapidly.WearelivinginaworldthatdependsmoreandmoreonAI.AIisagroupoftechnologiesthathelpmachinesget,understandanduseinformationtodotasks.AI'srecentdevelopmentshavegotalotofsocialattention.SomepeoplehavewelcomedAIbecauseitmakesthingspossible.Forexample,AIwillhaveabiginfluenceonareaslikemedicineandengineering.Butthisattentionhasalsoproducedalotoffear.Especially,manyworkersareworryingthatAIcouldmakethemlosetheirjobs.Accordingtoarecentstudy,nearlyfivepercentofjobswilldisappearbecauseof

AI.Insomeindustries,AIisalreadydoingtheworkthatpeopleusedtodo,such

asassembling(裝配)cars,diggingthecoalandliftinggoods.Self-drivingcars

andtruckscontrolledbyAIwillalsotakeawaythedrivers'jobsinthefuture.Ontheotherhand,AIwillalsocreatemanynewjobsforpeople.MorepeoplewillbeneededtowriteprogrammesforAIsystems(系統(tǒng))andtheywillsetup

andworkonthem,too.Meanwhile,jobsthatrequirefeelings,excellentcommunicationskillswithpeoplewillnotbereplaced(取代)byAI.Theseincludejobsinfieldslikete