2022-2023學(xué)年浙江省溫州市高三上學(xué)期期中英語(yǔ)試題及答案

2022-2023學(xué)年浙江省溫州市高三上學(xué)期期中英語(yǔ)試題及答案第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題：每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分7.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)。每段對(duì)話(huà)后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話(huà)后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話(huà)僅讀一遍。1.WhatisLynda?A.Aperson.B.Awebsite.C.Acourse.2.Wherearethespeakers?A.Atarestaurant.B.Athome.C.Atahotel.3.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofmakinggrapewine?A.Difficult.B.Enjoyable.C.Time-wasting.4.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Classmates.B.Colleagues.C.Teacherandstudent.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Anarticle.B.Aprofessor.C.Aresearch.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分22.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whenwillthephonecallsbecheaper?A.Inthemorning.B.Intheafternoon.C.Intheevening.7.Howdoesthemansoundatlast?A.Interested.B.Unhappy.C.Excited.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whatissaidaboutthecompany?A.Itimportscars.B.Itisatravelagency.C.Itoffersahighsalary.9.Whatkindofpeopledoesthecompanyneed?A.Recentgraduates.B.Enthusiasticyouths.C.Experiencedworkers.10.Whatwillthemanprobablydonext?A.Buyacar.B.Gotraveling.C.Applyforthejob.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.WhatdoesTeresaplantodothisafternoon?A.Gofishing.B.Goboating.C.Gowhalewatching.12.HowwasCindy’slasttrip?A.Disappointing.B.Rewarding.C.Challenging.13.HowlongwillTeresa’stripprobablylast?A.Onehour.B.Twohours.C.Threehours.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.WhatisGreenPeace?A.Ananimalshelter.B.Awildlifereserve.C.Anon-violentorganization.15.WhatdoesthemanmainlydoinGreenPeace?A.Organizeprotests.B.Actasthespokesman.C.Saveendangeredanimals.16.WhathasGreenPeacebeeninvolvedinrecently?A.Anti-nuclearcampaigns.BAnti-animal-abuseprotests.C.Industrialwastemanagement.17.Whatisthewoman’sattitudetowardsthecampaign?A.Doubtful.B.Supportive.C.Concerned.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.What’stherelationshipbetweensmokinganddrinking?A.Dependent.B.Unrelated.C.Contradictory.19.Whatdoweknowaboutnicotine?A.Ithelpsquitdrinking.B.Itmakespeoplesleepy.C.Itweakenstheeffectofalcohol.20.Whatismentionedatlast?A.Themethodoftheresearch.B.Thesubjectsoftheresearch.C.Thesignificanceoftheresearch.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題：每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ANobodylikestospendmoneyonanewbookonlytofacedisappointmentwhenitdoesn’tliveuptoyourexpectations.Herearethebestbookreviewsitestohelpyouavoidbuyingbooksthatyou’llregretreading.GoodreadsGoodreadsistheleadingonlinecommunityforbooklovers.Ifyouwantsomeinspirationforwhichnovelorbiographytoreadnext,thisisthebestbookreviewsitetovisit.Thereareanendlessnumberofuser-generatedreadingliststoexplore.FantasyBookReviewFantasyBookReviewshouldbehighonthelistforanyonewhoisafanoffantasyworks.Thebookreviewsitepublishesreviewsforbothchildren’sbooksandadults’books.Ithasasectiononthetopfantasybooksofalltime.BooklistBooklistisaprintmagazinethatalsooffersanonlineportal.TrustedexpertsfromtheAmericanLibraryAssociationwriteallthebookreviews.Youcanseepartsofreviewsfordifferentbooks.However,toreadtheminfull,youwillneedtosubscribe.YouTubeYouTubeisnotthetypeofplacethatimmediatelyspringstomindwhenyouthinkofthebestbookreviewsitesonline.However,thereareseveralengagingYouTubechannelsthatfrequentlyofferopinionsonbooksthey’veread.Althoughit’seasytobeattractedbyanimpressivebookcover,it’salwaysbesttohaveaquicklookatthebookreviewsbeforeactuallybuyingacopy.Thisway,youcansaveyourmoneyandspenditonthebooksthatyou’llbeproudtodisplayonyourshelvesforalongtime.1.Whichsitebestsuitspeoplewhowanttobuyabiography?A.Goodreads. B.FantasyBookReview. C.Booklist. D.YouTube.2.WhatcanvisitorsdoonBooklist?A.Editbookreviews. B.Discusswithexperts.C.Readfullreviewsafterpayment. D.Findinformationaboutwriters.3.Whatisrecommendedbeforebuyingabook?A.Notingthebookcover. B.Readingthebookreviews.C.Preparingadisplayshelf. D.Checkingthebook’sratings.【答案】1.A2.C3.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四個(gè)書(shū)評(píng)網(wǎng)站的情況?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Ifyouwantsomeinspirationforwhichnovelorbiographytoreadnext,thisisthebestbookreviewsitetovisit.(如果你想要一些下一本小說(shuō)或傳記的靈感，這是最好的書(shū)評(píng)網(wǎng)站訪(fǎng)問(wèn))”可知，Goodreads最適合想買(mǎi)傳記的人。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“Youcanseepartsofreviewsfordifferentbooks.However,toreadtheminfull,youwillneedtosubscribe.(你可以看到不同書(shū)籍的部分評(píng)論。然而，要完整閱讀它們，你需要訂閱)”可知，訪(fǎng)客可以在Booklist上付款后閱讀完整的評(píng)論。故選C。【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Althoughit’seasytobeattractedbyanimpressivebookcover,it’salwaysbesttohaveaquicklookatthebookreviewsbeforeactuallybuyingacopy.(盡管人們很容易被一本令人印象深刻的書(shū)的封面所吸引，但在真正購(gòu)買(mǎi)之前，最好還是快速瀏覽一下書(shū)評(píng))”可知，在買(mǎi)書(shū)之前，建議閱讀書(shū)評(píng)。故選B。BIt’saclassicstory:Akidisforcedtolearnaninstrumentfromayoungage,theyplayitthroughouttheirchildhood,andtheydevelopabittersweetrelationshipwithit.Istheconstantbattlebetweentheloveforthemusicandthehatefortheconstantchallengeworththefight?Forme,itwas.IstartedplayingthepianowhenIwasfour-thatwas15yearsago!Thiswashugecommitment,sotheremusthavebeensomethingworthholdingonto,right?TheeasyguessisthatIwaspurelyinlovewithmusicandpiano.Althoughthat’sthesweetertale,it’sabitmorecomplicated.Istruggledalotwithpiano.Familyandpeerswere,atleastinmyownhead,constantlyplacedbesidemeincompetition.Ifeltpressuretobethebestinordertoprovesomethingtoothers-andmoredevastatingly(破壞性地)toprovesomethingtomyself.Theseedofmymusicalinterestwasgrowninthesunlightofcompetitionanddoubt.Hatesprouted(滋生)whenmyself-criticismhittoohard.It’sdifficulttolearntolovesomethingthatdidn’toriginatefromlove.Forawhile,pianowasmoreofanannoyancethanahobby.Butsomehow,lovegrew.Itwasdeeplyburied.Butitwasthere,andbyhighschool,itwasstrongenoughthatwhenIwastrulyonthevergeofquittinganykindofformaltraining.Ifoundthestrengthtoholdontighter,anddigfurther.Iswitchedteachers,andgotincrediblyluckywithonewhohelpedmetunnelintowhatIloved.Ilearnedpiecesformyself,Icomposedformyself,andIfoundconfidencenotbecauseIgot“goodenough,”butbecauseIlearnedthatanythingIhadwasgoodenough.TheloveandhateI’vehadforthepianowerebothplantedandgrown.Ifyoutoohavelearnedtohatesomething,rememberthatwithcommitment,itcanbeuprooted,andlovecanmakeahomeinitsplace.Thereisalwaystime.Thereisalwaysroom.4.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbytellingaclassicstory?A.Thebenefitsofmusic.B.Kids’struggleinlearninginstruments.C.Kids’bittersweetchildhood.D.Thepopularityoflearninginstruments.5.Whatcanweknowabouttheauthor’sexperienceofplayingthepiano?A.Shefinallyquitformaltraining.B.Shenevertreateditasherhobby.C.Shewasinpurelovewithmusicandpiano.D.Sheonceexperiencedgreatpressurefromherself.6.Whathelpedtheauthorfindconfidence?A.Herattitude. B.Hertraining.C.Hercompromise. D.Herachievement.7.Whatmessageismainlydeliveredinthepassage?A.Practicemakesperfect.B.Loveisathingthatgrows.C.Contentisbetterthanriches.D.Chancefavorsthepreparedmind.【答案】4.B5.D6.A7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】Z這是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章主要講述自己在學(xué)習(xí)鋼琴過(guò)程中的愛(ài)與恨以及自己感悟。【4題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第一段“It’saclassicstory:Akidisforcedtolearnaninstrumentfromayoungage,theyplayitthroughouttheirchildhood,andtheydevelopabittersweetrelationshipwithit.Istheconstantbattlebetweentheloveforthemusicandthehatefortheconstantchallengeworththefight?Forme,itwas.(這是一個(gè)經(jīng)典的故事：一個(gè)孩子從小就被迫學(xué)習(xí)一種樂(lè)器，他們?cè)谡麄€(gè)童年時(shí)期都在演奏，并與之發(fā)展出苦樂(lè)參半的關(guān)系。對(duì)音樂(lè)的熱愛(ài)和對(duì)不斷挑戰(zhàn)的憎恨之間不斷的斗爭(zhēng)值得嗎？對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)，是的。)”可知，文章講故事是為了說(shuō)明孩子們?cè)趯W(xué)樂(lè)器方面的掙扎，然后引出介紹自己的情況。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段“Ifeltpressuretobethebestinordertoprovesomethingtoothers-andmoredevastatingly(破壞性地)toprovesomethingtomyself.Theseedofmymusicalinterestwasgrowninthesunlightofcompetitionanddoubt.(為了向別人證明一些東西，我感受到了成為最好的人的壓力——更具毀滅性的是，為了向自己證明一些東西。我對(duì)音樂(lè)的興趣在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)和懷疑的陽(yáng)光下生長(zhǎng)。)”可知，作者曾經(jīng)經(jīng)歷了來(lái)自自己的巨大壓力。故選D項(xiàng)。【6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段“Ilearnedpiecesformyself,Icomposedformyself,andIfoundconfidencenotbecauseIgot“goodenough,”butbecauseIlearnedthatanythingIhadwasgoodenough.(我為自己學(xué)習(xí)曲子，為自己作曲，我找到了自信，不是因?yàn)槲摇白銐蚝谩?，而是因?yàn)槲抑牢宜鶕碛械囊磺卸甲銐蚝谩?”可知，作者找到自信地原因是自己態(tài)度的轉(zhuǎn)變，對(duì)一切的重新認(rèn)識(shí)。故選A項(xiàng)。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段“It’sdifficulttolearntolovesomethingthatdidn’toriginatefromlove.(很難學(xué)會(huì)去愛(ài)一些不是源于愛(ài)的東西。)”以及文章最后一段“TheloveandhateI’vehadforthepianowerebothplantedandgrown.Ifyoutoohavelearnedtohatesomething,rememberthatwithcommitment,itcanbeuprooted,andlovecanmakeahomeinitsplace.Thereisalwaystime.Thereisalwaysroom.(我對(duì)鋼琴的愛(ài)和恨都是種下的，也是成長(zhǎng)的。如果你也學(xué)會(huì)了憎恨某件事，請(qǐng)記住，有了承諾，它可以被連根拔起，愛(ài)可以在它的地方建立一個(gè)家。時(shí)間總是有的。空間也總是有的。)”以及上下文可知，文章通過(guò)自己練鋼琴的經(jīng)歷領(lǐng)悟到：對(duì)東西的愛(ài)是可以逐漸培養(yǎng)形成的，所以B項(xiàng)Loveisathingthatgrows(愛(ài)是一種成長(zhǎng)的東西)符合文意。故選B項(xiàng)。CAroundtheglobefarmorebirdspeciesarelosinggroundthangaining,accordingtoanexpansivereviewofahalf-centuryofbirdpopulationresearchpublishedinthejournalAnnualReviewofEnvironmentandResourcesinMay.Thereview,entitledTheStateoftheWorld’sBirds,showedthatmorethan5,200differentspeciesofbirds-justshyofhalftheworld’stotal-areknownorsuspectedtobedeclining.Around3,800speciesarerelativelystable,andfewerthan700speciesshowincreases.AmongbirdsontheIUCNRedListofThreatenedSpecies,almost400birdsworldwidehavehadtheirconservationstatuschangedfortheworseinthepastthreedecades(movingfromvulnerabletothreatened,orthreatenedtoendangered)—fivetimesmorethanthenumberofbirdspecieswithanIUCNstatusthathaschangedforthebetter.“Afterdocumentingthelossofnearly3billionbirdsinNorthAmericaalone(accordingtoa2019studypublishedinthejournalScience),itwasdisturbingtoseethesamepatternsofpopulationdeclinesandextinctionoccurringglobally,”saysreviewcoauthorKenRosenberg,aconservationscientistnowretiredfromtheCormellLabofOmithology.Thereviewpointstodisappearinganddegradedhabitat-resultingfromclimatechange,urbanization,agriculturalintensification,andinternationaltrade-astheleadingdriverofbirddeclinesworldwide.Inanoteofhope,theauthorscitea2020studyindicatingthatrestoringjust5%ofhabitatinpriorityareasaroundtheworldcouldavert60%oflikelyextinctions.LeadauthorAlexanderLees,aresearchassociateattheCormellLab,alsopointstotheneedforsubstantialchangesinhumanbehaviortopreventfurtherlosses.“Lossanddegradationofhabitatisoftendrivenbydemandforresources,”saysLees.“Weneedtobetterconsiderhowcommodityflowssuchasbeef,oil,andseedcropscancontributetobiodiversitylossandtrytoreducethehumanfootprintonthenaturalworld.”8.InwhatorderarethreatenedspeciesarrangedontheIUCN’sRedList?A.Speciesquantity. B.Livinghabitat. C.Decliningrate. D.Conservationstatus.9.HowdoesKenRosenbergfeelwhensayingthewords?A.Hopeful. B.Relieved. C.Doubtful. D.Concerned.10.Whatdoestheunderlined“avert”meaninparagraph4?A.Prevent. B.Increase. C.Cause. D.Face.11.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Extrareasonsforbirdextinction. B.Possiblesolutionstohabitatloss.C.Substantialchangesinhumanbehavior. D.Theprospectofbiodiversityloss.【答案】8.D9.D10.A11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了今年5月發(fā)表在《環(huán)境與資源年度評(píng)論》雜志上的一篇對(duì)半個(gè)世紀(jì)鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)種群研究的綜述稱(chēng)，在全球范圍內(nèi)，失去的鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)物種遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)多于增加的鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)物種。這篇題為《世界鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)狀況》的綜述顯示，超過(guò)5200種不同的鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)——略少于世界鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)總數(shù)的一半——已知或懷疑正在減少。文章主要對(duì)鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)保護(hù)展開(kāi)了說(shuō)明。【8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“AmongbirdsontheIUCNRedListofThreatenedSpecies,almost400birdsworldwidehavehadtheirconservationstatuschangedfortheworseinthepastthreedecades(movingfromvulnerabletothreatened,orthreatenedtoendangered)—fivetimesmorethanthenumberofbirdspecieswithanIUCNstatusthathaschangedforthebetter.(在世界自然保護(hù)聯(lián)盟瀕危物種紅色名錄上的鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)中，全球有近400種鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)的保護(hù)狀況在過(guò)去30年里發(fā)生了惡化（從易危到受威脅，或從受威脅到瀕危）——這是國(guó)際自然保護(hù)聯(lián)盟保護(hù)狀況好轉(zhuǎn)的鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)數(shù)量的5倍多)”可知，世界自然保護(hù)聯(lián)盟紅色名錄上的瀕危物種是按保護(hù)狀況排列的。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段““Afterdocumentingthelossofnearly3billionbirdsinNorthAmericaalone(accordingtoa2019studypublishedinthejournalScience),itwasdisturbingtoseethesamepatternsofpopulationdeclinesandextinctionoccurringglobally,”saysreviewcoauthorKenRosenberg,aconservationscientistnowretiredfromtheCormellLabofOmithology.(“根據(jù)2019年發(fā)表在《科學(xué)》雜志上的一項(xiàng)研究，僅在記錄了北美地區(qū)近30億只鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)的損失后，看到同樣的數(shù)量下降和滅絕模式在全球發(fā)生，令人不安”該綜述的合著者、現(xiàn)已從科梅爾鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室退休的保護(hù)科學(xué)家肯·羅森伯格說(shuō))”可知，肯·羅森伯格說(shuō)這句話(huà)感到擔(dān)憂(yōu)。故選D?！?0題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞上文“Inanoteofhope,theauthorscitea2020studyindicatingthatrestoringjust5%ofhabitatinpriorityareasaroundtheworldcould”以及后文“60%oflikelyextinctions”可知，在一份充滿(mǎn)希望的報(bào)告中，作者引用了2020年的一項(xiàng)研究，該研究表明，只要恢復(fù)世界各地重點(diǎn)地區(qū)5%的棲息地，就可以阻止60%的可能滅絕。故畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞意思是“阻止”。故選A?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“LeadauthorAlexanderLees,aresearchassociateattheCormellLab,alsopointstotheneedforsubstantialchangesinhumanbehaviortopreventfurtherlosses.“Lossanddegradationofhabitatisoftendrivenbydemandforresources,”saysLees.“Weneedtobetterconsiderhowcommodityflowssuchasbeef,oil,andseedcropscancontributetobiodiversitylossandtrytoreducethehumanfootprintonthenaturalworld.”(該研究的主要作者、科梅爾實(shí)驗(yàn)室的助理研究員亞歷山大·李斯還指出，為了防止進(jìn)一步的損失，人類(lèi)行為需要發(fā)生實(shí)質(zhì)性的改變?！皸⒌氐膯适Ш屯嘶怯蓪?duì)資源的需求引起的，”李斯說(shuō)?！拔覀冃枰玫乜紤]牛肉、石油和種子作物等商品流動(dòng)是如何導(dǎo)致生物多樣性喪失的，并努力減少人類(lèi)對(duì)自然界的足跡?！?”可知，最后一段主要講的是棲息地喪失的可能解決辦法。故選B。DWhydosomemensettledowntoformfamilieswiththemothersoftheirchildren,andothersdon’t?Biologyplaysarole.WorkpublishedbyLeeGettleroftheUniversityofNotreDame,inIndiana,clarifieshowtestosterone,theprincipalmalehormone(荷爾蒙),operates.Previousstudiessuggestthathighlevelsoftestosteronearebadforfamilylife.Fatherswithlowertestosteronelevelsprovidemorechildcarewhilehigh-testosteronemalesarelesslikelytostickaround.DrGettlerhasshownsomethingfurther.Thisisthataman’sadulttestosteronelevelseemscorrelatedwithwhetherhisfatherwaspresentduringhisteenageyears.HisdatacomefromasurveybeguninthePhilippinesin1983.Thismonitoredthehealthandnutritionof966menenrolledasbabies.Italsocollectedextensiveinformationonwhetherthefathersofthesemenwerearoundandprovidingparentalcareinthehouseholds.Itfurtherdocumentedwhetherparticipantsgotmarried,hadchildrenandwhethertheyparticipatedinchildcare.Crucially,italsomeasuredtheirtestosteronelevelsattheagesof21,26and30.Overall,DrGettlerandhiscolleaguesfoundthatonbecomingfathers,menhadlowertestosteronelevelsiftheirownfathershadbeeninvolvedintheircareduringtheirteenageyears.Ithastwopossibleexplanations.Oneisthatitisdirectlygenetic(基因的).Theotheristhatteenageexperienceactuallymodulates(調(diào)節(jié))testosteronelevels.Thisexplanation,whichDrGettlerfavors,couldleadtohigh-testosteronemenabandoningtheirsons,whothusbecomehigh-testosteroneintheirturn.Healsofoundsomeofthoseinthesurveywhosefatherswereabsentduringtheiradolescence,andwhoendedupwithhighlevelsofthehormone,didbecomecaringfathers.Whythispatternshouldexistisanunansweredquestion.Butazoologistlookingatthesedatamighttakeitasanexampleofdevelopmentalplasticity(可塑性),inwhichthesamegenesproducedifferent,butappropriate,outcomesindifferentcircumstances.DrGettler’sdiscoverythrowsausefullightontheproblemoffatherlessfamilies,andhowtotrytoendit.12.WhatisGettler’sstudymainlyabout?A.Familylife. B.Fathers’roles.C.Adulttestosterone. D.Childcare.13.WhatcanbelearntaboutDrGettler’sstudy?A.Itwasconductedamongbabies.B.Thefindingisfarfromsatisfactory.C.Thedatausedwererelativelyreliable.D.Itmonitoredthenutritionofparticipants.14.Whyisthezoologistmentionedinthepassage?A.Tosuggestafollow-upstudy.B.TocontradictGettler’sideas.C.Topointoutthestudylimitations.DTogiveapossibleexplanation.15Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.LikeFather,LikeSon?B.CaringFather,HappySon?C.GoodFather,GoodSonD.LoveMe,LoveMySon【答案】12.C13.C14.D15.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述印第安納州圣母大學(xué)的李·蓋特勒（LeeGettler）發(fā)表的研究闡明了一個(gè)男人的成年睪酮水平似乎與他父親在青少年時(shí)期是否在場(chǎng)有關(guān)?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段“Whydosomemensettledowntoformfamilieswiththemothersoftheirchildren,andothersdon’t?Biologyplaysarole.WorkpublishedbyLeeGettleroftheUniversityofNotreDame,inIndiana,clarifieshowtestosterone,theprincipalmalehormone(荷爾蒙),operates.(為什么有些男人會(huì)安頓下來(lái)與孩子的母親組建家庭，而其他人卻沒(méi)有？生物學(xué)起了作用。印第安納州圣母大學(xué)的李·蓋特勒發(fā)表的研究闡明了男性主要荷爾蒙睪酮是如何運(yùn)作的)”以及第二段“DrGettlerhasshownsomethingfurther.Thisisthataman’sadulttestosteronelevelseemscorrelatedwithwhetherhisfatherwaspresentduringhisteenageyears.(Gettler博士展示了更進(jìn)一步的東西。這意味著，一個(gè)男人的成年睪酮水平似乎與他父親在青少年時(shí)期是否在場(chǎng)有關(guān))”可知，Gettler主要研究的是成年睪酮水平。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第三段“HisdatacomefromasurveybeguninthePhilippinesin1983.Thismonitoredthehealthandnutritionof966menenrolledasbabies.Italsocollectedextensiveinformationonwhetherthefathersofthesemenwerearoundandprovidingparentalcareinthehouseholds.Itfurtherdocumentedwhetherparticipantsgotmarried,hadchildrenandwhethertheyparticipatedinchildcare.Crucially,italsomeasuredtheirtestosteronelevelsattheagesof21,26and30.(他的數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)自于1983年在菲律賓開(kāi)始的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查。這項(xiàng)調(diào)查監(jiān)測(cè)了966名嬰兒期男性的健康和營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀況。它還收集了關(guān)于這些男子的父親是否在身邊以及在家庭中提供父母照顧的廣泛信息。它進(jìn)一步記錄了參與者是否結(jié)婚、生子以及是否參與兒童保育。至關(guān)重要的是，它還測(cè)量了他們?cè)?1歲、26歲和30歲時(shí)的睪酮水平)”可知，Gettler研究所用的數(shù)據(jù)是相對(duì)可靠的。故選C項(xiàng)。【14題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段“Whythispatternshouldexistisanunansweredquestion.Butazoologistlookingatthesedatamighttakeitasanexampleofdevelopmentalplasticity(可塑性),inwhichthesamegenesproducedifferent,butappropriate,outcomesindifferentcircumstances.(為什么這種模式應(yīng)該存在是一個(gè)尚未回答的問(wèn)題。但一位研究這些數(shù)據(jù)的動(dòng)物學(xué)家可能會(huì)將其作為發(fā)育可塑性的一個(gè)例子，其中相同的基因在不同的情況下產(chǎn)生不同但合適的結(jié)果)”可知，作者提到動(dòng)物學(xué)家是為了給前面的問(wèn)題提供一種解釋。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。由文章第二段“DrGettlerhasshownsomethingfurther.Thisisthataman’sadulttestosteronelevelseemscorrelatedwithwhetherhisfatherwaspresentduringhisteenageyears.(Gettler博士展示了更進(jìn)一步的東西。這意味著，一個(gè)男人的成年睪酮水平似乎與他父親在青少年時(shí)期是否在場(chǎng)有關(guān))”和第四段“Overall,DrGettlerandhiscolleaguesfoundthatonbecomingfathers,menhadlowertestosteronelevelsiftheirownfathershadbeeninvolvedintheircareduringtheirteenageyears.(總的來(lái)說(shuō)，蓋特勒博士和他的同事發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)父親時(shí)，如果自己的父親在青少年時(shí)期參與了他們的照顧，男性的睪酮水平會(huì)更低)”以及上下文可知，文章主要講父親睪酮水平和兒子的睪酮水平的關(guān)系。由此可知，A項(xiàng)LikeFather,LikeSon?(有其父必有其子？)適合作本文標(biāo)題。故選A項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題：每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Emotionalpainispartoflife.___16___Whetherthepainisassociatedwithloss,failure,ordisappointment,youmustdevelopastrategytolessenandmanagethestruggle.Bytakingactionyouwilllearntocopewithemotionalpain.Seekhelpfromthoseclosetoyou.Askingforhelpcanbeawkward.However,ifyouletsomeoneknowthatyouaretryingtomakespecificchangesinyourlife,itwillincreasethelikelihoodofyoursuccess.___17___Itisimportantforyoutoletothersknowwhatyouaretryingtoachieve.___18___Sittingaroundmissingsomeonewillonlymakeyoufeelworse.Sometimesyouneedtooccupyyourselfwithnew,moreinterestingthingstodo.Haveyoueverthoughtaboutlearningtoplayamusicalinstrumentorbecomingamastergardener?Nowmightbeyourtime.Volunteeryourtimetoacause.Onewayofcopingwithemotionalpainistovolunteeryourtime,resources,orexpertisetoaworthycauseorindividual.Volunteeringwillhelpyoudevelopnewskills,andbeginorstrengthenyourconnectionwithyourcommunity.Itcanalsoprovideaboosttoyourself-esteemandpersonaldevelopment.___19___Makeaplantobuildcopingskills.Followingaproblem-solvingmodelwillgiveyouastructureforcreatingchange.Youmustdetermineclearobjectives,carrythemout,makeadjustmentsasneededandmonitoryourprogress.___20___Youcanlessenyourstrictadherence(遵守)tothestepsofyourplanandmaintainpositiveoutcomes.A.Focusonthepositive.B.Youwillfeela“giver’shigh”.C.Fillyourschedulewithnewagendaitems.D.Knowingthatdoesn’tseemtomakeitanyeasier.E.Emotionalpain,however,cantakemuchlongertowearoff.F.Yournewbehaviorswillbuildovertimeandbecomesecondnaturetoyou.G.Astrongsupportnetworkcanhelpyoucopewithyourpainmoreeffectively.【答案】16.D17.G18.C19.B20.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要講的是如何應(yīng)對(duì)情緒上的痛苦?！?6題詳解】空前說(shuō)“Emotionalpainispartoflife.(情感上的痛苦是生活的一部分。)”，空后說(shuō)“Whetherthepainisassociatedwithloss,failure,ordisappointment,youmustdevelopastrategytolessenandmanagethestruggle.(無(wú)論痛苦是與失去、失敗或失望有關(guān)，你必須制定一種策略來(lái)減少和管理這種掙扎。)”，因此光是知道痛苦的存在是不夠的，還要找方法來(lái)克服這個(gè)問(wèn)題，D選項(xiàng)“Knowingthatdoesn’tseemtomakeitanyeasier.(知道這一點(diǎn)似乎并沒(méi)有讓事情變得更容易。)”說(shuō)明了還需要想辦法解決痛苦，故選D?！?7題詳解】本段的主題句是“Seekhelpfromthoseclosetoyou.(向你親近的人尋求幫助。)”，因此本段是關(guān)于尋求幫助的，G選項(xiàng)“Astrongsupportnetworkcanhelpyoucopewithyourpainmoreeffectively.(一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的支持網(wǎng)絡(luò)可以幫助你更有效地應(yīng)對(duì)你的痛苦。)”說(shuō)明尋求他人支持和幫助的好處，因此符合本段語(yǔ)境，故選G。【18題詳解】空格處是本段的主題句，由空后的“Sittingaroundmissingsomeonewillonlymakeyoufeelworse.Sometimesyouneedtooccupyyourselfwithnew,moreinterestingthingstodo.(坐在那里想念一個(gè)人只會(huì)讓你感覺(jué)更糟。有時(shí)你需要做一些新的、更有趣的事情。)”可知，本段主要講的是要找一些新的事情來(lái)做，C選項(xiàng)“Fillyourschedulewithnewagendaitems.(用新的議程項(xiàng)目填滿(mǎn)你的日程表。)”說(shuō)明了找新的事情來(lái)每天進(jìn)行，因此C選項(xiàng)概括本段內(nèi)容，可作為主題句，故選C?！?9題詳解】空前說(shuō)“Volunteeringwillhelpyoudevelopnewskills,andbeginorstrengthenyourconnectionwithyourcommunity.Itcanalsoprovideaboosttoyourself-esteemandpersonaldevelopment.(志愿服務(wù)將幫助你培養(yǎng)新的技能，并開(kāi)始或加強(qiáng)你與社區(qū)的聯(lián)系。它還能促進(jìn)你的自尊和個(gè)人發(fā)展。)”，B選項(xiàng)“Youwillfeela“giver’shigh”.(你會(huì)感到“給予者的快感”。)”中的“給予者”也就是空前所說(shuō)的做志愿者，且說(shuō)明了做志愿服務(wù)能帶來(lái)的好處，因此B選項(xiàng)承接上文，符合語(yǔ)境，故選B?！?0題詳解】空前說(shuō)“Youmustdetermineclearobjectives,carrythemout,makeadjustmentsasneededandmonitoryourprogress.(你必須確定明確的目標(biāo)，執(zhí)行它們，根據(jù)需要做出調(diào)整，監(jiān)督你的進(jìn)展。)”，空后說(shuō)“Youcanlessenyourstrictadherence(遵守)tothestepsofyourplanandmaintainpositiveoutcomes.(你可以減少對(duì)計(jì)劃步驟的嚴(yán)格遵守，并保持積極的結(jié)果。)”，說(shuō)明要適應(yīng)新的行為，不需要堅(jiān)持之前的計(jì)劃不變，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)“Yournewbehaviorswillbuildovertimeandbecomesecondnaturetoyou.(隨著時(shí)間的推移，你的新行為會(huì)逐漸形成，并成為你的第二天性。)”說(shuō)明了新行為是完全可以適應(yīng)的，因此F選項(xiàng)承上啟下，符合語(yǔ)境，故選F。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題：每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。WhenIgotmyfirstsmartphone,Ilovedit.Itgavemeinstant___21___tomymusic,thousandsofphotosandvideosanda(n)___22___ofinformation.Butovertime,myfeelingsbecamecontroversial.Iwouldrepeatedly___23___myemail,shoponlineforstuffIdidn’tneedand___24___clickonlinkstowebsites.I’doften___25___tomyhusbandandtomyseven-year-oldson,Louis,thatIfelttrappedbyit.SoIbegantoresearchstudiesonthementalhealtheffectsofsmartphoneuse.I___26___thatsmartphonesarelinkedwithanxiety,depressionandpoorsleepquality.Unsurprisingly,theyalsoimpactyourabilityto___27___andtoremaininthepresentmomentwithyourkids.___28___,onedaylastsummer,whileIwasplayingwithLouis,Iwasonceagaindistracted(分心)bydingsandpings.Hefinallyrelatedtomycomplaintsaboutmysmartphone:“Mommy,just___29___,please!”Idecidedtotry.Insteadofgoingcoldturkey—no___30___atall—Iboughtaflipphone(翻蓋手機(jī))andcellplanfor$30amonth.Withnotouchscreen,textingis___31___.Ican’taccessemail,musicorsocialmediaanddon’teventrybrowsingthewebwithoutatouchscreen.Whiletheadjustmenthasn’talwaysbeensmoothsailing,it’s___32___thanIthoughtitwouldbeandthebenefitsareworthit.NowwhenI’mplayingwithmyson,Icanseethepositiveeffect___33___hissmiles.Andafterhe’sgonetobed,insteadoffixingmyeyesonthe___34___,Ilightcandles,grababookand___35___theatmosphereoftheroomI’min.21.A.solution B.response C.access D.reaction22.A.world B.form C.exchange D.piece23.A.receive B.write C.answer D.refresh24.A.skillfully B.occasionally C.hurriedly D.constantly25.A.talk B.complain C.prove D.return26.A.predicted B.discovered C.considered D.claimed27.A.email B.reply C.smile D.parent28.A.Hence B.However C.Then D.Still29.A.takeitback B.giveitup C.breakitdown D.sortitout30.A.charge B.money C.cellphone D.plan31.A.heart-breaking B.time-consuming C.eye-opening D.energy-saving32.A.easier B.cooler C.stricter D.longer33.A.in B.of C.on D.with34.A.face B.bed C.screen D.book35.A.create B.lighten C.change D.enjoy【答案】21.C22.A23.D24.D25.B26.B27.D28.C29.B30.C31.B32.A33.A34.C35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了作者發(fā)現(xiàn)自己沉迷于手機(jī)，于是調(diào)整適用翻蓋手機(jī)，最終作者適應(yīng)了沒(méi)有智能手機(jī)的生活，開(kāi)始和家人專(zhuān)心相處?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：它讓我可以立即訪(fǎng)問(wèn)我的音樂(lè)，成千上萬(wàn)的照片和視頻，以及一個(gè)信息的世界。A.solution解決方案；B.response回答；C.access入口；D.reaction反應(yīng)。根據(jù)后文“tomymusic,thousandsofphotosandvideos”指可以訪(fǎng)問(wèn)音樂(lè)、照片和視頻，應(yīng)用accessto。故選C?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：它讓我可以立即訪(fǎng)問(wèn)我的音樂(lè)，成千上萬(wàn)的照片和視頻，以及一個(gè)信息的世界。A.world世界；B.form表格；C.exchange交換；D.piece片。根據(jù)后文“ofinformation”可知手機(jī)讓作者可以進(jìn)入一個(gè)信息的世界。故選A?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我會(huì)反復(fù)刷新我的電子郵件，在網(wǎng)上購(gòu)買(mǎi)我不需要的東西，不斷點(diǎn)擊網(wǎng)站鏈接。A.receive收到；B.write寫(xiě)；C.answer回答；D.refresh使恢復(fù)精神，刷新。根據(jù)后文“myemail,shoponlineforstuffIdidn’tneed”指反復(fù)刷新電子郵件，故選D?！?4題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我會(huì)反復(fù)刷新我的電子郵件，在網(wǎng)上購(gòu)買(mǎi)我不需要的東西，不斷點(diǎn)擊網(wǎng)站鏈接。A.skillfully巧妙地；B.occasionally偶爾；C.hurriedly匆忙地；D.constantly不斷地。根據(jù)后文“clickonlinkstowebsites”可知此處是在說(shuō)明手機(jī)帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題，讓作者反復(fù)刷新電子郵件、在網(wǎng)上購(gòu)買(mǎi)不需要的東西以及不斷點(diǎn)擊網(wǎng)站鏈接。故選D?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我經(jīng)常向我的丈夫和我7歲的兒子路易斯抱怨，我覺(jué)得自己被它困住了。A.talk談話(huà)；B.complain抱怨；C.prove證明；D.return返回。根據(jù)后文“thatIfelttrappedbyit”可知作者在抱怨被手機(jī)困住了。故選B?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我發(fā)現(xiàn)智能手機(jī)與焦慮、抑郁和睡眠質(zhì)量差有關(guān)。A.predicted預(yù)測(cè)；B.discovered發(fā)現(xiàn)；C.considered考慮；D.claimed聲稱(chēng)。根據(jù)后文“thatsmartphonesarelinkedwithanxiety,depressionandpoorsleepquality”可知，作者發(fā)現(xiàn)了智能手機(jī)與焦慮、抑郁和睡眠質(zhì)量差有關(guān)。故選B。【27題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：不出所料，它們也會(huì)影響你為人父母的能力，影響你和孩子呆在當(dāng)下的能力。A.email郵件；B.reply回答；C.smile微笑；D.parent父親（或母親），為人父母。根據(jù)后文“remaininthepresentmomentwithyourkids”可知手機(jī)影響了為人父母的能力，故選D。【28題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然后，去年夏天一天，當(dāng)我和路易斯玩的時(shí)候，我又一次被叮叮叮的聲音分散了注意力。A.Hence因此；B.However然而；C.Then然后；D.Still仍然。作者和兒子玩耍是之后發(fā)生的事情，then符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。【29題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：他最后談到了我對(duì)智能手機(jī)的抱怨：“媽媽?zhuān)萃心惴艞壥褂檬謾C(jī)吧!”A.takeitback拿回來(lái)；B.giveitup放棄；C.breakitdown出故障；D.sortitout分類(lèi)。上文提到作者被手機(jī)分散了注意力，所以?xún)鹤舆@里表示讓作者放棄使用手機(jī)。故選B?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我沒(méi)有突然戒掉手機(jī)，而是每月花30美元買(mǎi)了一個(gè)翻蓋手機(jī)和手機(jī)套餐。A.charge電量；B.money錢(qián)；C.cellphone手機(jī)；D.plan計(jì)劃。根據(jù)后文“Iboughtaflipphoneandcellplanfor$30amonth”可知，作者沒(méi)有突然戒掉手機(jī)，而是每月花30美元買(mǎi)了一個(gè)翻蓋手機(jī)和手機(jī)套餐。故選C?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：由于沒(méi)有觸摸屏，發(fā)短信非常耗時(shí)。A.heart-breaking令人心碎的；B.time-consuming耗時(shí)的；