人教版八年級上冊英語Unit 4知識點(diǎn)梳理及語法講義（學(xué)生版）

八年級上冊英語Unit4知識點(diǎn)與語法精講精練詞匯梳理詞匯梳理（一）完成單詞梳理：名詞：1.戲院；劇場2.座位；坐處3.銀幕；屏幕4.票；入場券5.歌；歌曲6.記者7.接待；服務(wù)8.菜單9.表演者；演員10.天資；天賦11.魔術(shù)師12.作用；職能；角色13.獲勝者；優(yōu)勝者14.獎；獎品；獎金15.早（或午、晚）餐；一餐所吃的食物16.實(shí)例；范例動詞：1.選擇；挑選2.提供；給副詞：1.便宜地；低廉地2.細(xì)致地；小心地；謹(jǐn)慎地3.舒服地；舒適地4.美好地；漂亮地5.嚴(yán)肅地；嚴(yán)重地；認(rèn)真地代詞：1.每人；人人；所有人形容詞：1.使人舒服的；舒適的2.（在空間、時間上）接近3.新鮮的；清新的4.有創(chuàng)造力的；創(chuàng)造性的5.貧窮的；清貧的6.人多的；擁擠的；擠滿的兼類詞：1.（adj/adv）（bad和badly的最高級）最差（的）；最壞（的）；最糟（的）2.（adj/adv）（bad和badly的比較級）更差（的）；更壞（的）；更糟（的）3.（adv）相當(dāng)；十分；很（adj）漂亮的4.（v）扮演（n）表演者(二)詞匯變形小結(jié)：1.comfortable(adj.使人舒服的)—(adv.舒適地)—(反義詞：不舒服的)—(反義詞：不舒服地)2.bad/badly(adj/adv.糟糕的；糟糕地)—(比較級)—(最高級)3.cheaply(adv.便宜地)—(adj.便宜的)4.choose(v.選擇)—(過去式)—(n.選擇)5.carefully(adv.小心地)—(adj.小心的)—(反義詞：粗心地)—(反義詞：粗心的)6.report(v.報告)—(n.記者)7.act(v.扮演)—(n.演員)—(n.動作；行動)8.creative(adj.有創(chuàng)造力的)—(v.創(chuàng)造)9.talent(n.天資；天賦)—(adj.有才能的)10.magician(n.魔術(shù)師)—(adj/n.有魔力的；魔術(shù))11.beautifully(adv.漂亮地)—(adj.漂亮的)12.winner(n.獲勝者)—(v.贏；贏得)13.service(n.接待；服務(wù))—(v.服務(wù)；接待)14.performer(n.表演者；演員)—(v.表演)15.seriously(adv.嚴(yán)重地)—(adj.嚴(yán)肅的)16.give(v.提供；給)—(過去式)【練一練】用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空Let’sgotoDanny’s.Thefoodthereis___________(cheap)intown.IlikethemovietheaterMoviePalacebestbecauseIcansit____________(comfortable).TheradiostationOldies102.1FMisprettybad.It’s____________(bad)thanAllTalk970AM.Hisbrotherisa____________(report).It’stimeforclass.Thestudentsshouldtaketheir____________(seat).Herfriendwantstobea_____________(perform)whenshegrowsup.IthinkLiuQianisthemostexciting_____________(magic).YoumusttakethisEnglishtest_____________(serious).The____________(win)isan8-year-oldgirlinthedancingcompetition.Whocansingsongsthemost_____________(beautiful)inyourfamily?(三)短語攻關(guān)：離……近 到目前為止 沒問題 才藝表演 世界各地 尋找 各種各樣的 有相同特征是……的職責(zé)；由……決定發(fā)揮作用；有影響 編造（故事、謊言等） 例如 認(rèn)真對待…… 實(shí)現(xiàn) 因……而感謝 幸虧；多虧知識點(diǎn)梳理知識點(diǎn)梳理 1.Thanksfortellingme.謝謝你告訴我?！疽谆毂嫖觥縯hanksfor與thankstothanksfor因……而感謝thanks相當(dāng)于thankyou，for后接名詞、代詞或動詞-ingThanksforlendingmeyourumbrella.謝謝你借給我雨傘。thanksto幸虧；多虧thanks不可以改為thankyou，to后接感謝的對象Thankstothedoctor,Iamwellagain.多虧這位醫(yī)生，我的身體康復(fù)了?！炯磳W(xué)即用】Thanksfor(invite)metoyourbirthdayparty.2.Noproblem.不客氣?！居梅ㄔ斀狻縩oproblem相當(dāng)于“you’rewelcome”或“notatall”，意為“不客氣”，此時常用來回應(yīng)別人的感謝。Eg.—Thankyouforyourhelp.感謝你的幫助?！狽oproblem.不客氣?！就卣寡由臁縩oproblem還可表示樂于相助或事情容易做，意為“沒問題；小事一樁”。Eg.—Couldyouhelpmewithmymath?你能幫我學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)嗎？—Noproblem.沒問題。—Canyoumakeakitebyyourself?你能自己制作一個風(fēng)箏嗎？—Noproblem.沒問題?！炯磳W(xué)即用】—Tom,thanksfortellingmethewaytothelibrary.—.OfcourseB.NotreallyC.GoodideaD.Noproblem3.—Howfarisitfromyourhome?它離你家有多遠(yuǎn)？—10minutesbybus.坐公共汽車10分鐘。【用法詳解】重點(diǎn)：“HowfarisitfromAtoB?”意為“從A到B有多遠(yuǎn)？”，常用來提問距離或路程。ItIt’s+具體距離It’s+基數(shù)詞+minutes’(minute’s)/hours’(hour’s)...+ride/walk/driveIt’s+時長+交通方式常用的回答方式有：Eg.—Howfarisitfromyourhometoschool?從你家到學(xué)校有多遠(yuǎn)？—It’s3kilometers.3千米?！狪t’s15minutes’ride.騎車15分鐘?！狪t’s15minutesbybike.騎車15分鐘?！炯磳W(xué)即用】1.—isitfromLanzhoutoLhasa?—It’sabout2,160kilometers.A.Howoften B.Howfar C.Howlong D.Howmany2.—_________isitfromHaikoutoSanya?—It'saboutthreehours'drive.A.Howsoon B.Howlong C.HowfarD.Howmuch3.—________canyoufinishthisEnglishexamination?—Inaboutoneandahalfhours.A.Howfar B.Howoften C.Howsoon D.Howlong4.It’salwaysinterestingtowatchotherpeopleshowtheirtalents.看別人展示他們的才藝總是很有意思?！居梅ㄔ斀狻靠吹侥橙俗瞿呈隆疽谆毂嫖觥縲atchabdosth與watchsbdoingsthwatchsbdosth“看到某人做某事”強(qiáng)調(diào)看到某人動作經(jīng)常發(fā)生或看到某人做某事的全過程Iwatchedhimgo,andthenIwenthome.我看到他離去，然后我回了家。watchsbdoingsth“看到某人正在做某事”強(qiáng)調(diào)看到某個動作正在進(jìn)行IwatchedhimplayingfootballasIpassedby.我路過的時候看見他正在踢足球。5.Talentshowsaregettingmreandmorepopular.才藝表演正變得越來越流行?！居梅ㄔ斀狻浚?）此處get作系動詞，意為“變得”，后接形容詞作表語。與get用法類似的詞還有become,go等。（2）“moreandmore+形容詞/副詞原級”表示“”，此處的形容詞/副詞指的是多音節(jié)或部分雙音節(jié)詞。單音節(jié)或部分雙音節(jié)形容詞或副詞表示“越來越……”時，用“”結(jié)構(gòu)。Eg.EnglishisbecomingmoreandmorepopularinChina.在中國英語正變得越來越流行。Ourcountryisgettingstrongerandstronger.我們的國家正變得越來越強(qiáng)大。【拓展延伸】“moreandmore+名詞”表示“越來越多的……”Eg.MoreandmoreforeignerscometovisittheGreatWall.越來越多的外國人來參觀長城。【即學(xué)即用】1.Farmersarebecoming__________inourhometown.A.moreandmorerich B.richerandricher C.morerichandmorerich D.richandrich2.Don’tworry.Yourmotherwillget____________.A.wellandwell B.betterandbetter C.wellandbetter D.goodandwell6.Whenpeoplewatchtheshow,theyusuallyplayaroleindecidingthewinner.當(dāng)人們看這樣的節(jié)目時，通常承擔(dān)著決定優(yōu)勝者的角色?！居梅ㄔ斀狻浚?）playarole為固定短語，role作名詞，意為“作用；職能；角色”，playarolein...意為“在某事或某方面起到作用/承擔(dān)某個角色”，in后接名詞、代詞或動詞-ing形式。Eg.Everyoneshouldplayaroleintheenvironmentalprotection.每個人都應(yīng)該在環(huán)保方面發(fā)揮作用。（2）winner作名詞，意為“獲勝者；優(yōu)勝者”，其動詞形式為，“贏；贏得”。Eg.LiMingwasthewinnerofthecompetition.Hewonthetennismatch.李明是比賽的勝利者，他贏得了網(wǎng)球比賽?！咀⒁狻咳绻g接賓語和直接賓語都是【注意】如果間接賓語和直接賓語都是代詞，只能用givesth.tosb.結(jié)構(gòu)eg.Thebabylikesthetoy.Pleasegiveittohim.這個小寶寶喜歡這個玩具，請把玩具給他?！居梅ㄔ斀狻縢ive作動詞，其過去式為，give后可接雙賓語，即givesbsth=givesthtosb“給某人某物”（sb.為間接賓語，sth.為直接賓語）Eg.Couldyougivemesomewater?=Couldyougivewatertome?你能給我一些水嗎?cometrue為不及物動詞短語，意為“”，其主語往往是表示夢想、愿望、目標(biāo)等的詞sth.come(s)sth.come(s)true……實(shí)現(xiàn)了Weshouldstudyhardtomakeourdream.A.comeoverB.comebackC.cometrueD.comeup課堂小測一、單項(xiàng)選擇1.China’sGotTalentisbecoming__________.A.moreandmorecreative B.creativerandcreativerC.morecreativeandmorecreative D.mostcreativeandmostcreative2.Allthesetalentshowshaveonething__________common.A.on B.in C.at D.for3.Inthesupermarketpeoplecanbuyeverything________,somanypeoplegoshoppingthereeverydaytosavesomemoney.A.comfortably B.quietly C.cheaply D.loudly4.Toavoid（避免）makingmistakes,pleasereadthequestions_________beforeyouanswerthem.A.careful B.careless C.carefully D.carelessly5.Ioftenliketowatchmygrandfather__________chess.A.playsB.playingC.toplayD.play6.—WouldyoulikesomeIndianfoodorChinesefood?—________It’sallthesametome.A.Ihopeso. B.I'msure. C.It’suptoyou. D.I’mafraidnot.7.ShenHui__________ushistalentinthetalent__________yesterday.A.show;show B.showed;showC.shows;shows D.showed;showed8.Theteacheraskedthestudentsto__________astoryaboutatriptothemoon.A.giveup B.turnup C.cutup D.makeup9.Jim’sillness（疾?。﹊svery__________.Youmusttakehisillness__________.A.serious;seriouslyB.serious;serious C.seriously;seriously D.seriously;serious10.Thecustomersarepleasedwiththe__________oftherestaurant.A.balance B.activity C.competition D.service11.—__________isDreamClothesStorefromyourhouse?—It’s10minutesbybus.A.Howlong B.Howsoon C.Howfar D.Howmany12.—How__________yoursofafeels!—Isitlikeasoftbed?Ioftenlieonitforashortbreakatnoon.A.terrible B.comfortable C.humorous D.dangerous13.Ourteamleaderplayedanimportantrole__________thesoccergame.A.inwinning B.towin C.bywinning D.atwinning14.—Alex,whatdoyouthinkoftheshowNationalTreasure（《國家寶藏》）?—___________.Iliketowatchit.HaveagooddayB.It’sgreat C.Thatwillbeverynice D.I’mafraidIhavenotime15.Maryhelpedmebuyaticket.She___________anhourago.A.gaveittome B.givesmeit C.givesitme D.gavemetoit二、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Mikeisa(talent)soccerplayer.2.Youcanbuyoldbikesquite(cheap)inthestore.3.The___________(magic)actedverywell,thoughhewasinpoorhealthyesterday.4.Youwillknowthe___________(win)ofthecompetitionthisafternoon.5.It'sraining.Youmustdrive___________(careful).6.Youshouldtakethebasketballgame___________(serious).7.IlikethemovietheaterswithbigscreensandIcansit___________(comfortable),too.8.Wouldyouliketogotothemovieswithme?Ihavetwo___________(ticket).9.Myfriends___________(give)measurpriseatmybirthdaypartylastweek.10.Therearedifferent___________(kind)ofbooksinthereadingroomatschool.三、漢譯英：單詞/短語1.我覺得湯姆和保羅沒有任何相同之處。Idon'tthinkTomandPaul_________anything__________________.2.上周我們班許多男孩子，例如馬克和戴爾，經(jīng)?？醋闱虮荣悺astweeklotsofboysinourclass,__________________,MarkandDaleoftenwatchedsoccergames.3.到現(xiàn)在為止我有五個好朋友。__________________Ihavegotfivegoodfriends.4.你可以待在家里或者去參加聚會，由你來決定吧。Youcanstayathomeorgototheparty.It___________________________you.5.智能手機(jī)在我們的日常生活中起著很重要的作用。Smartphones_________averyimportant__________________ourdailylife.6.我們的國家正變得越來越美麗。Ourcountryisbecoming____________________________________.7.在我的空閑時間，我喜歡看各種各樣的電影。Ienjoywatching___________________________moviesinmyfreetime.四、完形填空Doallofushaveatalent?Orisitpossible(可能的)thatsomeonehasnotalent?Everyoneislookingfortheirtalent.1wantstobetalentedbecauseitcanmakethemfeelgreat.Moreoftenpeople2theyaregoodatsomethings,butnottalentedinthem.3youareoneofthosepeople,justdevelopthethingsyou'regoodatintoyourtalents.Ifyouhaveno4ofwhatyouaregoodat,youshould5newthings,suchastakingsomespecialclasses,doingsomethingnew6afriend,etc.Afteryoutry,youmayfindyourself7cooking,drawing,writingorplayingsports.Youmay8findthatyou'renotonlygoodatonething.Thendevelopthesethingsyou'regoodatintoyour9.Soeveryonehasatalentandit'simpossiblethatsomeonehasnotalent.Butthereisonethingto10—talentsdon'tcometoyou;youfindthem.（）1.A.SomebodyB.AnybodyC.Everybody D.Nobody（）2.A.think B.make C.decide D.wonder（）3.A.And B.Though C.Because D.If（）4.A.plan B.story C.problem D.idea（）5.A.find B.try C.expect D.love（）6.A.as B.with C.about D.for（）7.A.boredwithB.famousforC.goodat D.afraidof（）8.A.even B.always C.only D.again（）9.A.activities B.differencesC.hopes D.talents（）10.A.ask B.touch C.remember D.do語法精講語法精講 形容詞和副詞的最高級一、語法概述形容詞、副詞的最高級用于三個或三個以上的人或事物之間的比較；常用of/in來說明比較的范圍；形容詞和副詞前要加定冠詞，副詞最高級前的the有時可省略。二、比較級的構(gòu)成1.規(guī)則變化單音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)詞一般在詞尾加-esttall→high→以字母e結(jié)尾的詞加-stfine→nice→重讀閉音節(jié)詞詞尾只有一個輔音字母時（輔元輔），先雙寫該輔音字母，再加-est口訣：“大紅胖瘦適合濕熱”（biggest,reddest,fattest,thinnest,fittest,wettest,hottest）以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，變y為i再加-esteasy→funny→多音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)詞在詞前加mostcomfortable→carefully→【特別提醒】由“動詞+ed”或“動詞+ing”構(gòu)成的形容詞變最高級時，通常在該形容詞前加mostEeresting→mostinterestingrelaxed→mostrelaxedboring→mostboringgood/well（好的）good/well（好的）→__________（最好的）bad/badly/ill（糟糕的）→__________（最糟糕的）many/much（多的）→__________（最多的）little（少的）→__________（最少的）old（老的）→__________/__________（最老的）far（遠(yuǎn)的）→__________/__________（最遠(yuǎn)的）【即學(xué)即用】寫出下列單詞的最高級形式big→__________2.small→__________3.heavy→__________ fine→__________5.cheap→__________6.happy→__________close→__________8.fresh→__________9.comfortable→__________creative→__________11.bad→__________12.carefully→__________13.good/well→___________14.many/much→__________15.fat→__________ 三、最高級的常用句型1.主語+be+the+形容詞最高級+in/of短語意為“……是……中最……的”主語+實(shí)義動詞（+the）+副詞最高級+in/of短語意為“……在……中最……”Eg.Mymotheristhebusiestoneinmyfamily.媽媽是我家最忙碌的人。Tomworks(the)hardestinClass3.在3班湯姆學(xué)習(xí)最努力。2.“主語+be+oneofthe+形容詞最高級+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+in/of短語”，意為“...是...中最...的...之一”（重點(diǎn)）Eg.TheHighSpeedRailisoneofthenewestinventionsinChina.高鐵是中國最新的發(fā)明之一。3.“疑問詞+be+the+形容詞最高級，A、BorC?”，用于三個或三個以上的人或事物之間的比較“疑問詞+助動詞+主語+動詞原形（+the）+副詞最高級，A、BorC?”Eg.Whoisthetallest,Tom,KateorBill?湯姆、凱特和比爾，誰最高？Whichcitydoyoulikebest,Beijing,ShanghaiorGuangzhou?你最喜歡哪個城市，北京、上海還是廣州？4.“主語+be+the+序數(shù)詞+形容詞最高級+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+in/of短語”，意為“……在……中是第幾……的……”Eg.TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.黃河是中國第二長河?！炯磳W(xué)即用】1.Fishingisoneof________activitiesamongthemiddle—agedmenlikemyuncles.A.popular B.morepopular C.mostpopular D.themostpopular2.Amyhasreadmanyhistorybooks,soshelearnshistory________ofallthesubjects.A.well B.bad C.best D.worst語法小測一、單項(xiàng)選擇1.Ofthethreepens,theboychose________one.A.lessexpensive B.themostexpensive C.thelessexpensive D.moreexpensive2.—IthinkMoonTheaterhas________seatsinmytown.—Iagreewithyou.Iusuallygotherewithmyfriends.A.morecomfortable B.worseC.themostcomfortable D.theworst3.Stayingwithfamilyandfriendsisoneof________thingsintheworld.A.thehappiest B.happier C.thehappy D.happiest4.—DidCindywinthefirstprizeinthelongjump?—Yes.Shejumped_______ofalltheplayers.A.far B.farther C.thefarther D.thefarthest5.Whichis________waytotravel,byplane,bytrainorbybus?A.lessexpensiveB.morecheaperC.theleastexpensiveD.cheaper6.YangtzeRiveris________longestriverintheworld.ItrunsacrossChinafromthewesttotheeast.A.thethird B.third C.thethree D.three7.IliketheBigScreenComplexbecauseithas________screen.A.bigger B.theworst C.thebiggest D.worst8.Whichdoyouthinkis________,Mary,JimorWangLin?A.moretalented B.talenteder C.themosttalented D.talentedest9.Xi’anisoneof________capital________inChina.A.older;city B.theolder;cityC.oldest;cities D.theoldest;cities10.—Ofthetwoshirts,whichonedidMombuy?—Sheboughtthe________onebecauseshecouldsavesomemoneyforacap.A.cheapest B.cheaper C.moreexpensive D.mostexpensive二、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Ithinkoneofthe(easy)waystomakeyoustrongistoexercisemore.2.Heisthe(bad)studentinhisclass.3.MostofthestudentsthinkHuangBoisoneofthe

(popular)moviestarsinChinanow.4.Whoisthe(thin),Amy,AliceorAnn?5.Sometimeswalkingis(fast)thandrivingduringthebusytraffic(交通)time.三、詞語運(yùn)用閱讀短文，從方框中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~并用其正確形式填空，使短文通順、意思完整。每空限填一詞，每詞限用一次。方框中有兩個詞是多余的。talentseriouspopularprizecommonmagiciancomfortablewatchkinddecidewinnercreativeNowtherearemany1showsattheTVstation,andtheyaregettingmoreandmore2inourlives.Andtheshowshavesomethingin3.Theytrytolookforthebestsingers,thetalenteddancers,themostexciting4andsoon.All5ofpeoplecantakepartintheshows,includingteachers,doctors,workersandfarmers.That’suptoyoutodecide.Andeveryonecanplayarolein6thewinnersbywatchingtheshow.The7alwaysg