2024-2025學(xué)年高中英語(yǔ)Module4GreatScientistsSectionⅡOtherpartsoftheModule學(xué)案含解析外研版必修4

PAGEModule4GreatScientistseq\o(\s\up7(SectionⅡ),\s\do5())eq\o(\s\up7(OtherpartsoftheModule),\s\do5())Ⅰ.重點(diǎn)單詞1．diagnosevt.診斷→diagnosisn．診斷；推斷2．brilliantadj.聰穎的；才華橫溢的→brilliantlyadv.聰穎地；絢麗地→brilliancen．才華；艷麗3．briefadj.簡(jiǎn)短的；簡(jiǎn)潔的→brieflyadv.短暫地；簡(jiǎn)潔地，簡(jiǎn)要地4．partlyadv.部分地；在肯定程度上→partn．部分5．physicaladj.身體的→physicallyadv.身體上地6．graduatevi.畢業(yè)→graduationn．畢業(yè)7．personaladj.個(gè)人的→personallyadv.在自己看來(lái)8．explosionn．爆炸→explodev．爆炸9．escapevi.&n．逃跑；躲避10．straightadj.直的adv.筆直地；干脆地；連續(xù)地→straightenv．把……弄直Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1．beknownfor以……出名2．becauseof由于3．earnone'sliving謀生4．cometopower掌權(quán)5．byaccident偶然，意外地6．escapefrom從……逃離7．a(chǎn)twar在交戰(zhàn)8．beattachedto被綁在……上；附屬于……9．insteadof而不是10．in...direction朝……方向1．brilliantadj.聰穎的；才華橫溢的Shehasoneofthemostbrilliantmindsinthecountry.她是全國(guó)最有才氣的人之一。Charlesisabrilliantmusician.查爾斯是位才華橫溢的音樂(lè)家。intelligentadj.聰慧的smartadj.聰慧的Heisabrilliantartist.2．careern．[C]生涯；經(jīng)驗(yàn)；職業(yè)；事業(yè)ShespentmostofhercareerworkinginEdinburgh.她工作生涯中的大部分時(shí)間都是在愛(ài)丁堡度過(guò)的。MycareerasanEnglishteacherdidn'tlastlong.我的英語(yǔ)老師生涯沒(méi)維持多久。[熟詞]car→[生詞]career本義為“馬車駛過(guò)的路”，引申為“生涯；經(jīng)驗(yàn)”：Heisdevotedtohiscareerasateacher.3．briefadj.簡(jiǎn)短的；簡(jiǎn)潔的n．[C]摘要；大綱Hewrotemeabriefletterbecauseoftheshortageoftime.因?yàn)闀r(shí)間緊迫，他給我寫了一封短信。Tobebrief,thisbookisnotworthbuying.簡(jiǎn)而言之，這本書不值得買。Giveyourreasoninbrief.簡(jiǎn)要說(shuō)明你的理由。tobebrief簡(jiǎn)而言之(作插入語(yǔ))inbrief簡(jiǎn)言之；簡(jiǎn)短地brieflyadv.簡(jiǎn)要地；扼要地Hetoldmetheplaninbrief.4．partlyadv.部分地；在肯定程度上Thehousewaspartlyburiedinsnow.那房子一部分被埋在雪里。IstudyEnglishpartlybecauseIlikeitandpartlybecauseitisuseful.我學(xué)英語(yǔ)一來(lái)是因?yàn)槲蚁矏?ài)，二來(lái)是因?yàn)樗杏谩omepeopleareunwillingtoattendtheclassespartlybecauseofthecostinvolved.有些人不愿來(lái)上課，部分緣由是所須要的費(fèi)用問(wèn)題。Thestudentspartly(part)comefromAmerica.5．physicaladj.身體的；物理(學(xué))的Yourfatherappearstobeingoodphysicalhealth.你父親看起來(lái)身體很健康。It'saphysicalimpossibilitytobeintwoplacesatonce.同時(shí)在兩地出現(xiàn)在物理上是不行能的。Thesephysical(physics)changesareobvious.6．graduatevi.畢業(yè)n．[C](高校)畢業(yè)生Hegraduatedinlaw.他畢業(yè)于法律系。ThesegraduatesallgraduatedfromOxford這些高校生都畢業(yè)于牛津高校。graduateeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(at/fromHarvard畢業(yè)于哈佛高校,inmedicine醫(yī)科畢業(yè)))graduationn．[U]畢業(yè)；畢業(yè)典禮①HegraduatedfromBeijingUniversityin1996.②Hewassentabroadaftergraduation(graduate)．7．personaladj.個(gè)人的；私人的Mypersonalviewisthatweshouldn'tofferhimthejob.我個(gè)人認(rèn)為我們不該給他這份工作。Styleandcolourareamatterofpersonaltaste.款式和顏色是個(gè)人愛(ài)好問(wèn)題。Thecarisforyourpersonaluseonly.這部車只供你個(gè)人運(yùn)用。Henevertalksabouthispersonallifeatwork.他上班時(shí)從不談?wù)撍乃缴睢ersonaltaste/preference個(gè)人品嘗/喜好personalqualities人品personallyadv.就個(gè)人而言personalityn．[C，U]性格；特性；人格inperson親自①Personally(person),Ithinkthemeetingisasuccess.②Hewenttoseehisfriendinperson.8．escapev．逃跑；躲避；逃脫Alionhasescapedfromitscage.有一頭獅子從籠中逃走了。Youareluckytoescapepunishment/beingpunished.你逃脫了懲處，真幸運(yùn)。escapefrom從……逃出；從……漏去escapedoingsth.逃脫做某事escapen.逃離；逃脫；躲避anarrowescape九死一生Heescapeddoing(do)hishomeworkyesterday.9．straightadj.直的；正直的adv.直；干脆Shewearsstraighthair.她留著直發(fā)。Thatlineisnotstraight.那條線不直。Thesmokerosestraightupward.煙直往上冒。Hewenttohelptheoldladystraightaway.他堅(jiān)決果斷地去幫助那位老太太。Straighttreesareusedwidely;straightpersonshavemorefriends.(諺)樹直用處多，人直摯友多。[△straight前者為原義“直的”，后者為比方義“正直的。”]straightaway立即；立刻straightenv．(使)變直Hestraightened(straight)thetreewitharope.10．clearv．(煙霧)消散；清除Thecloudslowlyclearedandthesuncameout.云慢慢散去，太陽(yáng)出來(lái)了。Iftheweatherclearsup,wecangooutforawalk.假如天氣放晴，我們可以出去漫步。Ourjobistoclearawaytherubbish.我們的工作是清除這些垃圾。clearup(天氣)放晴；整理；整理；澄清clearaway清除；整理Pleaseclearawaytherubbish.1．It'stypicalofhimtoleavesomeendsformetoclearupforhim.解析：句意：他做事老留尾巴讓我來(lái)整理。clearup“整理；整理”。2．Humansarecuttingdowntheforeststoclear(clear)thelandforotheruses.解析：句意：人類正在砍伐森林，以便清理出空間作他用。clear“清除”。3．Whoeverbreakstrafficregulationscan'tescapebeing_fined(fine)．解析：句意：任何一個(gè)違反交通規(guī)則的人都不會(huì)逃脫被罰款。escape“逃脫”，作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)后跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞形式。4．Youwereveryluckytohaveescapedfromthebigfirelastnight.解析：句意：你特別幸運(yùn)，昨晚逃離了那場(chǎng)大火。escapefrom“逃離”，為固定搭配。5．Thisstreetwasstraightbutnarrow,soonlyafewtruckswentalongit.解析：句意：這條路雖然很直，但卻很窄，所以走這條路的卡車很少。straight“直的”。6．Paganiniwasabrilliantviolinist,famousforhistechnicalskillinbothplayingandcomposingmusic.解析：句意：帕格尼尼是一位杰出的小提琴家，以彈奏小提琴和作曲的雙重技藝而著名。brilliant“聰穎的；才華橫溢的”。7．Duringthemostproductivetimeinhercareer，shewrotefivenovels.解析：句意：在她創(chuàng)作生涯中最多產(chǎn)的時(shí)期，她寫了5部小說(shuō)。career“生涯；經(jīng)驗(yàn)”。8．Atthemeeting,MrBrownmadeabriefspeech,shortbuttothepoint.解析：句意：布朗先生在會(huì)上作了一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短的演講，但是言簡(jiǎn)意賅。由后面的short和tothepoint(切題)可推知用brief“簡(jiǎn)短的；簡(jiǎn)潔的”。9．Ashewasanxioustodealwiththecompany'saffairs,heonlyhadtimetogiveareportinbrieftothestudents.解析：句意：由于他急于回公司處理事務(wù)，他只來(lái)得及給學(xué)生作一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短的報(bào)告。inbrief“簡(jiǎn)短地”，著重于重點(diǎn)突出。10．Tilltoday,Iremembersomeworkspartly(part)becauseofthebeautyofthelanguageorimagesbutmorebecauseoftheirexpressionofwisdom.解析：句意：直到今日，我還記得一些作品，部分是因?yàn)樗鼈兠利惖奈淖只蛴跋?，但是更多的是因?yàn)樗鼈兯磉_(dá)的才智。partly“部分地；在肯定程度上”。11．Stayinguplatemakeshimathisworstintermsofphysical(physics)situation.解析：句意：熬夜使得他的身體狀況處于低潮。physical“身體的；肉體的”。12．I'mwillingtogotoworkinafarawayvillageafterIgraduatefromuniversity.解析：句意：高校畢業(yè)后我情愿到一個(gè)遙遠(yuǎn)的鄉(xiāng)村工作。graduate“畢業(yè)”，graduatefrom“從……畢業(yè)”。1．earnone'sliving謀生Sheearnedherlivingbyteaching.她以教書謀生。Sheearnedherlivingasapart-timesecretary.她靠做兼職秘書為生。makea/one'sliving謀生earnmoney掙錢Harryhasbeenoutofworkforsixmonths,sohehasdifficulty(in)_earning(earn)hisliving.2．cometopower掌權(quán)Whendidthepartycometopower?該政黨是何時(shí)掌權(quán)的？DeGaullecametopowerin1958.戴高樂(lè)于1958年起先執(zhí)政。inpower執(zhí)政；掌權(quán)beyondone'spower超出某人的實(shí)力inone'spower為某人力所能及havepowerover限制，支配①Hehasbeeninpowerfor3years.②MyEnglishispoor,sohelpingyoulearnEnglishisbeyondmypower.③Hecameto/intopowerwhenhewasonly38.3．bediagnosedwith/as(某人)被診斷為……Hehasbeendiagnosedwith/asanginarecently.他最近被診斷出患有心絞痛。若某病癥被確診為某種疾病，則只用介詞as。Theillnesswasdiagnosedascancer.此病癥被診斷為癌癥。Hewasdiagnosedwithheartattack.4．beatwarwith與……交戰(zhàn)Thecountryhasbeenatwarwithitsneighbourfortwoyears.這個(gè)國(guó)家與鄰國(guó)已打了兩年仗了。Thetwosistersareconstantlyatwarwitheachother.這兩姐妹時(shí)常發(fā)生爭(zhēng)吵。at可表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，“在做”。atpeace處于和平狀態(tài)atrest靜止atwork在工作atschool在上學(xué)atplay在玩耍atsea在航海ChinawasatwarwithJapanin1937.1．Howlongdoyouthinktheyhavebeenatwar?解析：本題考查短語(yǔ)的用法?！岸窢?zhēng)中”用atwar表示。2．Hewasdiagnosedwithcancer.解析：bediagnosedwith被診斷為……。3．Harryhaslosthislegsduringthetrafficaccident,sohehasdifficulty(in)_earning(earn)hisliving.解析：句意：哈利在事故中失去了雙腿，所以他很難謀生。havedifficulty(in)doing費(fèi)勁做……。4．Theprojecthasbeenoffourhandssincethenewmanagercame(come)topower.解析：句意：自從新經(jīng)理上任之后，項(xiàng)目就不歸我們管了。since從句中用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。1．InStephenHawking'scaseitwasdiscoveredthathewasabrilliantscientist.在霍金這個(gè)例子中，人們發(fā)覺(jué)他是一個(gè)才華橫溢的科學(xué)家。句中it作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是主語(yǔ)從句thathewasabrilliantscientist。Itissaidthathewonagoldmedal.2．Movinginawheelchairandspeakingthroughaspecialcomputer，hehasbecomethevoiceofscience.坐在輪椅上前行，講話要借助于一種特別的電腦，他成為科學(xué)界的代言人。Movinginawheelchairandspeaking...這兩個(gè)并列的現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)在句中作方式狀語(yǔ)。Thelittleboystoodleaningagainstthewall.這個(gè)小男孩倚著墻站著。Standing(stand)onthetopofthehill,headmiredthebeautifulscenery.3．TheChinesediscoveredthatthegasescapingfromthetubecouldliftitintotheair.中國(guó)人發(fā)覺(jué)從竹管里逸出的氣體能將竹筒放射到空中去。escapingfromthetube是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)，在此處作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾thegas。Alittlechildlearningtowalkoftenfalls.剛學(xué)走路的小孩常常摔倒。Themenworkinginthatfactoryareallfromtheruralareas.在那家工廠工作的人都來(lái)自農(nóng)村。Whoisthemanspeakingtoyoujustnow?剛才跟你講話的那名男子是誰(shuí)？Thewomansitting(sit)intheshadewassewingasweater.4．Thetubeswereattachedtoalongstickwhichhelpedkeeptherocketmovinginastraightdirection.竹管被綁在一根長(zhǎng)棍子上，這根棍子能幫助火箭沿筆直的方向運(yùn)動(dòng)。keep在此處表示“使某人或某物保持某種狀態(tài)”，后面接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。Herillnesskeptherinhospitalforthreeweeks.她因生病住院三周。Sheputonhersunglassestokeepthesunoutofhereyes.她戴上太陽(yáng)鏡，以免太陽(yáng)照到她的眼睛。Addsomemorecoaltokeepthefiregoing.再添些煤，別讓火滅了。Weshouldkeepourselvesinformedofthelatestinformation.我們應(yīng)當(dāng)了解最新的信息。Hekeptuswaiting(wait)forhimforhalfanhour.5．Therocketswerelit，therewasahugeexplosionandcloudsofthicksmoke.火箭被點(diǎn)著了，發(fā)出一聲巨響，冒出滾滾濃煙。句中l(wèi)it為動(dòng)詞light的過(guò)去分詞。light作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，意為“點(diǎn)火；點(diǎn)燃；點(diǎn)亮”，其過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞可以是lit，也可以是lighted。lit與lighted作謂語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)時(shí)，兩者通用。lighted的用法比lit多，除了可作表語(yǔ)之外，lighted還可以放在名詞前作前置定語(yǔ)。Helit/lightedamatchtoseetheway.他點(diǎn)燃了一根火柴以看清道路。(作謂語(yǔ)，兩者通用)Acandlewaslit/lightedandtheroombecamebright.一根蠟燭被點(diǎn)燃了，屋子變得光明起來(lái)。(作表語(yǔ)，兩者通用)Hewentintothedarkroomwithalighted(light)matchinhishand.6．Orwashecarriedmilesintospace，becomingtheworld'sfirstastronaut?或者他被運(yùn)載數(shù)英里進(jìn)了太空，成為世界上第一個(gè)太空人？becomingtheworld'sfirstastronaut是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)，在此處作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。Herparentsdied，leavingheralotofdebts.她父母去世了，給她留下許多債務(wù)。Itrainedheavily，causingseverefloodinthatcountry.大雨滂沱，造成了那個(gè)國(guó)家洪水泛濫。Rainfailedtofall,causing(cause)severedrought.1．Ahurricanestruckourtown,causing(cause)aheavyloss.解析：句意：一場(chǎng)颶風(fēng)攻擊了我們鎮(zhèn)，造成了巨大損失。動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。2．LaurawasawayinParisforoveraweek.Whenshegothome,therewasapileofmailwaiting(wait)forher.解析：現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)。句意：勞拉外出去法國(guó)一周多。當(dāng)她回到家中，有一堆郵件在等著她。3．Thelighted(light)candlegaveoutweaklight.解析：lighted點(diǎn)燃的，作前置定語(yǔ)。4．Theyusecomputerstokeepthetrafficrunning(run)smoothly.解析：考查keepsb./sth.doingsth結(jié)構(gòu)，“使……始終……”。5．WhenIwaslittle,mymotherusedtositbymybed，telling(tell)mestoriestillIfellasleep.解析：現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。句意：我小時(shí)候，母親常坐在我床邊，給我講故事直到我睡著。6．Itwassaidthathehadwontheprize.解析：It