2024-2025學(xué)年新教材高中英語課時(shí)分層作業(yè)12Unit4Historyandtraditions含解析新人教版必修第二冊

PAGE5-課時(shí)分層作業(yè)(十二)Ⅰ.閱讀理解ALondon—Amorning'strainrideaway，acrosstheChannel，EnglishkidstalkaboutLiverpool'ssoccerteaminaParispub.SomeParisianshaveevenstartedtogotoworkinLondon.Inthe19thcentury，CharlesDickenscomparedthetwogreatrivalcities，LondonandParis，inATaleofTwoCities.Thesedays，itmightbeATaleofOneCity.Parisiansarethesedayslikelytosmileinsympathyatavisitor'sbrokenFrenchandrespondinpoliteEnglish.Asjobsgrewlackingathomeoverrecentyears，perhaps250，000FrenchmenmovedacrosstheChannel.Withanunderseatunnel，theycouldtravelbetweencitiesinthreehours.TheEuropeanUnionfreedthemfromimmigrationandcustoms.Paris，richinbeauty，ismoreattractive，butLondonfeelsmorefulloflife，andmorefununtilthepubsshutdown.“Forme，thedifferenceisthatLondonisreal，alive，”saidTrevorWheeler，abanker.ChantalJaouen，aprofessionaldesigner，agrees，“IamFrench，butI'llstayinLondon，”shesaid.Thereis，ofcourse，theotherview，JulieLenouxisastudentwhomovedtoLondontwoyearsago.“IthinkpeoplelaughmoreinParis，”shesaid.Infact，LondonandParis，withtheirobviousnewsimilarities，arebeyondtheolddescriptions.AstheEuropeanUniongraduallyloosenedcontrols，LondonersflockedintoParistoshop，eatandbuyproperty.“Bothcitieshavechangedbeyondrecognition，”saidLarryCollins，awriterandsometimesaLondoner.Likemostpeoplewhoknowbothwell，hefindsthetwonowfittogethercomfortably.“IfirstfellinlovewithParisinthe1950s，anditisstillawonderfulplace，”Collinssaid.“ButifIhadtochoose，itwouldbeLondon.Thingsaresomuchmoreordered，andlifeisbetter，butcertainlynotcheaper.”InfancypartsofLondon，rentscanbetwicethoseonAvenueFochinParis.DecidingbetweenLondonandParisrequiresalifestylechoice.LikeDaphneBenoit，aFrenchjournalismstudentwithperfectEnglish，manyyoungpeoplearehappytobecloseenoughsotheydon'thavetochoose.“IloveParis，mylittleneighborhood，thewayIcanwalkaroundacenter，butlifeissostructured，”shesaid.“InLondon，youcanbewhoyouwant.Noonecares.”【語篇解讀】文章對倫敦和巴黎進(jìn)行了各方面的比較讓人們對這兩個(gè)城市有了更深化的了解。1．Thebesttitleforthispassageis．A．LondonersandParisiansB．AModernTaleofTwoCitiesC．TheSimilarityofTwoCitiesD．FancyLondonandFashionablePariB[標(biāo)題歸納題。文章用大量的篇幅對倫敦和巴黎進(jìn)行對比。比照19世紀(jì)狄更斯的小說《雙城記》，本文可以被形象地稱作“現(xiàn)代的雙城記”。]2．LivinginParis，youmayfind．A．lifeisbetterB．thingsarecheaperC．a(chǎn)jobeasilyD．moreattractivepeopleB[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第十段中的“...LondonersflockedintoParistoshop，eatandbuyproperty.”以及倒數(shù)第五段中的“ButifIhadtochoose，it...butcertainlynotcheaper.”可知在巴黎物價(jià)更低些。]3．Wecaninferfromthetextthat．A．ParisandLondonhavebecomeperfectpartnersB．LondonC．lifeinParisisstructuredD．ParisandLondonhavebecomefiercecompetitorsA[推理推斷題。兩個(gè)城市之間的人相互往來，可以自由選擇自己的生活方式，也有利于這兩個(gè)城市的發(fā)展，所以說它們是很好的合作伙伴。]BMaryAnningwasanEnglishfossil(化石)collector，dealerandpaleontologist(古生物學(xué)家).Herfossil-huntinghelpedchangethewaypeoplethoughtabouttheworld.MarywasbornintoapoorfamilyinEnglandonMay21，1799.ShelivedintheseasidetownofLymeRegis，inDorset.Thefamilyhadninechildren.OnlyMaryandherbrotherJosephgrewup.Mary'sfathertookhischildrenalongthebeach.Theypickedupshellsandstonestoselltovisitors.Marydidnotgotoschoolmuch.Herfamilywastoopoor.Andschoolsdidnotteachchildrenaboutfossils.Marycouldreadandwrite.Shetaughtherself.Shelearnedaboutrocksandhowbodiesaremade.In1811whenMaryandJosephwerehuntingfossils，Josephsawabonestickingoutoftherock.Maryhadahammertochipawayattherock.Verycarefullysheuncoveredit.Shefoundthefirstcompletefossiloftheichthyosaur(魚龍).Sincethen，Marybecamecrazyaboutfossilhunting.Shelikedtohuntonthebeachafterastorm.Thewind，rainandwavesmadetherockscrumble．Itwaseasytospotfossils.MostdaysMarywentfossilhuntingwithherdog，Tray.RichfriendshelpedMarybysellingfossilsforher.Theysenthermoney.Scientistswrotelettersandcametoseeher.OnegoodfriendwasWilliamBuckland，aprofessoratOxfordUniversity.Maryalsoopenedashoptosellfossils，stonesandshells.Shechattedwithvisitors.MaryAnningdiedin1847.Howevolution(進(jìn)化)workswasexplainedbyCharlesDarwinnotlongafterMary'sdeath.Herfossilshadhelpedscientistsunderstandhowthingsbegan.【語篇解讀】本文為記敘文。講解并描述了MaryAnning的生平事跡。Mary是英國化石保藏家、經(jīng)銷商和古生物學(xué)家，她的化石搜尋幫助變更了人們思索世界的方式。4．WhydidMary'sfathertakehischildrenalongthebeach?A．Toenjoylife.B．Tomakealiving.C．Tolookforfossils.D．Toteachthemaboutfossils.B[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段首句“MarywasbornintoapoorfamilyinEnglandonMay21，1799.”和第五、六句“Mary'sfathertookhischildrenalongthebeach.Theypickedupshellsandstonestoselltovisitors.”可知，Mary家境貧寒，父親帶著孩子們沿海灘撿貝殼和石頭賣給游客，以維持生計(jì)。]5．WhatcanwelearnaboutMary?A．Herfatherwasapaleontologist.B．Herfathereducatedherathome.C．Shehadninebrothersandsistersinall.D．Shemightbepopularatthattime.D[推理推斷題。依據(jù)第四段首句“Sincethen，Marybecamecrazyaboutfossilhunting.”和第五段前三句“RichfriendshelpedMarybysellingfossilsforher.Theysenthermoney.Scientistswrotelettersandcametoseeher.”以及第五句“Maryalsoopenedashoptosellfossils，stonesandshells.”等可知，自從發(fā)覺了魚龍化石，Mary就迷上了化石，有錢的摯友幫她賣化石，科學(xué)家們寫信并來看她，她還開了一家商店賣化石、石頭和貝殼，因此推斷那時(shí)候她很受歡迎。]6．Whowasthefirstonetocatchsightoftherockcontainingthefirstcompleteichthyosaurfossil?A．CharlesDarwin.B．Mary'sdog.C．Joseph.D．Mary.C[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段首句“In1811whenMaryandJosephwerehuntingfossils，Josephsawabonestickingoutoftherock.”可知，Joseph首先看到了魚龍化石。]7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“crumble”inthefourthparagraphmean?A．Break. B．Shake.C．Float. D．Dive.A[詞義揣測題。依據(jù)第四段其次、三、四句“Shelikedtohuntonthebeachafterastorm.Thewind，rainandwavesmadetherockscrumble．Itwaseasytospotfossils.”可知，她喜愛在暴風(fēng)雨后到海灘上搜尋化石，因?yàn)轱L(fēng)、雨和海浪會(huì)使巖石崩裂，從而使發(fā)覺化石更簡單。]Ⅱ.概要寫作閱讀下面短文，依據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Ifyoutakealookatthebest-sellingbooksintheUKthesedays，itisalmostcertainthattherewillbealotofautobiographies(自傳)inthatlist.BillClinton，NelsonMandelaandactorMichaelJ.Foxhaveallwrittenthem.Anautobiographyisthestoryofaperson'slife，writtenbythatperson.Itisusuallyaveryfamouspersonwhomighttellusallabouttheirchildhood，howtheybecamefamousandanyotherinterestingthingsthathavehappenedintheirlives.Traditionally，someonewouldwriteanautobiographywhentheywereolderbecausetheyhadhadalong，successfullife.However，thesedaystherearemanymagazineswithstoriesandphotosofthestarswhichsellverywell.RealityTVshowsareextremelypopularandlotsofpeoplebecomefamousveryeasilyjustfrombeingontheTVratherthanbeingabletosingoractwell.Asaresult，peoplebecomefamousveryquicklyandassoonastheyarefamous，alotofmoneycanbemadefromwritinganautobiography，eveniftheyareveryyoung.Sonowyoucanfindanautobiographyfromalmosteveryonewhoisinthepubliceye.EventhoughwecanfollowthelivesofthestarsverycloselyonTVorinmagazinesnowadays，wemaybedon'tknowhowtheylivetheirlivesfromdaytoday.Autobiographiesoftengivetheinformationweneverknewaboutthestars.TheBritishpublicareverycurioustofindoutmoresotheyareveryeagertoreadautobiographies.Noteverystarwantstowritethough.Sometimesstarsemploywriterstowritetheirlifestoriesforthem.Thewriterwillinterviewthestars，listentoeverythingtheywanttosay，recordinterviewsandthenwritebooksbasedontheirwords.DavidBeckhamdidthiswithhisbookMySide.Noteveryonelikestoreadbooksregularlybuttheymightliketoreadaboutthelivesofstars.AutobiographiesarehelpingtogetmoreBritishpeoplereadingbooks.About100millionautobiographiesaresoldinBritaineveryyear.Morestarsdependonthemforextraincomeandasmoreofthesebooksappearintheshops，morepeople