2025年高二英語寒假銜接（外研版）專題10外研版-選擇性必修第三冊 unit1-3 語法+重點題型練習解析版

專題10Unit1-3語法+重點題型練習（外研2019版選擇性必修三）考點聚焦：核心考點+小考考點，有的放矢重點速記：知識點和關鍵點梳理，查漏補缺難點強化：難點內(nèi)容標注與講解，能力提升學以致用：真題感知+提升專練，全面突破1.unit1語法主語從句2.unit2語法表語從句3.uni3語法集體名詞作主語時的主謂一致主語從句在主從復合句中，充當主語的從句叫作主語從句。主語從句的引導詞有：(1)從屬連詞：that、whether、if等。(2)連接代詞：who、whose、whom、which、what、whoever、whomever、whichever、whatever等。(3)連接副詞：when、where、why、how等。一、that引導的主語從句that在主語從句中不充當句子成分，也沒有含義，只起連接作用，但通常不能省略。Thatsmokingisharmfultohealthisknowntoeveryone.吸煙有害健康，這是大家都知道的。Thatweneedmoreequipmentisobvious.顯然，我們需要更多的設備。Thatshewonthegamemadeusveryhappy.她贏得了比賽令我們非常高興。二、whether/if引導的主語從句whether/if在從句中只起連接作用，在句中不作成分，意為“是否”，且不可省略。whether引導的主語從句既可以放在句首，也可以放在句末，但if引導的主語從句只能放在句末，前面需用it作形式主語。Whetherlifeexistsonotherplanetsisnotclearyet.其他星球上是否存在生命還不清楚。Itisnotaproblemwhetherwecanwinthebattle;it'sjustamatteroftime.我們能否打贏這場戰(zhàn)斗不是問題；這只是時間問題。Whetherthesportsmeetingwillbeheldisnotcertainnow.現(xiàn)在還不確定運動會是否將舉行。Whetherwewillgoforanautumnoutingisnotsure.＝Itisnotsurewhether/ifwewillgoforanautumnouting.我們是否要去秋游還沒定下來。三、連接代詞引導的主語從句連接代詞what、who、whom、whose、which、whatever、whoever、whichever等引導主語從句時，既起連接作用，同時在從句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語等成分，且不可以省略。Whowillbringupthechildhasn’tbeendecidedyet.誰來撫養(yǎng)這個孩子還沒有決定。Whichlifestyleisthemostbeneficialtoourhealthisstillunknown.還不知道哪種生活方式對我們的健康最有利。Whathesaidjustnowistrue.他剛才說的是真的。Whateveryoudoshoulddonoharmtoothers.無論你做什么都不應該傷害別人。四、連接副詞引導的主語從句連接副詞when、where、how、why引導主語從句時，在句中既是連接詞，又作狀語；where作地點狀語；when作時間狀語；why作原因狀語。連接副詞引導的主語從句，也常用it作形式主語。Whyhespiedonmepuzzledmeforalongtime.他為什么監(jiān)視我困擾了我很長時間。Wherehelivesisnotknowntoanyone.他住在哪里誰也不知道。Whenwe'llgoforapicnicisn'tknown.我們什么時候去野餐還不知道。Howlifebeganontheearthisoneofthebiggestpuzzlestoscientists.地球上的生命如何起源的是科學家們的最大的困惑之一。五、用it作形式主語的主語從句(1)It＋be＋形容詞(obvious、natural、certain、surprising、possible、likely、important、necessary等)＋that從句Itisclearthatthegirltoldalie.很明顯那個女孩撒了謊。Sheworkssohard.Itiscertainthatshewilldowellinthisexam.她學習很用功。她一定會在這次考試中考得很好。Itisobviousthatyouhavemadeabigmistake.很明顯你犯了一個大錯。(2)It＋be＋名詞(詞組)(nowonder、anhonour、agoodthing、apity、nosurprise等)＋that從句Itisnowonderthatyou’veachievedsuchgoodresults.難怪你取得了這么好的成績。Itisnosurprisethatourteamhavewonthegame.我們隊已經(jīng)贏得了那場比賽并不令人驚奇。Itisapitythatyourparentsdon’tpermityoutogowithus.你父母不允許你和我們一起去，真遺憾。(3)It＋be＋過去分詞(said、reported、thought、expected、decided、announced、suggested等)＋that從句Itisreportedthatnopassengerswereinjuredintheaccident.據(jù)報道，事故中沒有乘客受傷。Itisgenerallyconsideredthatboysarebetteratsciencethangirls.人們普遍認為男孩比女孩更擅長理科。(4)其他Itdoesn'tmatterthat... ……是無關緊要的Itstruck/hitsb.that... 某人突然想到……Itoccurredtosb.that... 某人突然想到……Itseems/appearsthat... 看起來……Ithappensthat... 碰巧……Itturnedout/provedthat... 結(jié)果是……ItoccurredtomethatIhadanimportantconferencetoattendthenextmorning.我突然想到第二天早上要參加一個重要會議。IthappenedthatIwasawaywhenhecalled.他來電話時我碰巧不在。Itturnedoutthatwewerewrong.結(jié)果是我們錯了?！炯磿r演練】theearthmovesaroundthesunisknowntoall.isapitythatyourparentsdidn'tpermityoutogowithus.Itissuggestedtheoldmanshouldgotothecountrysidetohavearest.Itmakesnodifferenceyousupportmyplanornot.youcansucceedornotdependsonhowhardyouworkatit.getstotheschoolearlywillbepraisedbyourheadteacher.isfantasticabouthistoryisthewayitbroadensourhorizons.weunderstandthingshasalottodowithwhatwefeel.Wehaveselectedthreeplaces,butthehousewillbebuiltwillbediscussedattomorrow'smeeting.we'llfinishtranslatingthebookdependsonthetime.【答案】That2.It3.that4.whether5.WhetherWhoever7.What8.How9.where10.When表語從句一、表語從句的含義和構(gòu)成1．含義：表語從句是指一個句子作為表語，放在系動詞之后，這種從句往往是對主句的主語進行進一步解釋說明。2．構(gòu)成：其一般結(jié)構(gòu)為“主語＋系動詞＋連接詞連接的表語從句”。3．可接表語從句的系動詞有：be,look,seem,sound,appear等。引導表語從句的連接詞有連接代詞(what、who、whom、which、whose等)，連接副詞(when、where、how、why等)以及that、whether、asif/asthough、because等。二、表語從句的用法1．that引導表語從句that引導表語從句時僅起連接作用，無任何意義，在從句中不作任何成分，通常不可省略。Mysuggestionisthatyoushouldhavepatience.我的建議是你應該有耐心。Themostimportantresultfortheuseristhattheproductdoeswhatisintended.對用戶來說，最重要的是產(chǎn)品達到了預期的效果。Thetroublewasthattheycouldn'tagreeamongthemselves.問題是他們內(nèi)部意見不統(tǒng)一。2．whether引導表語從句whether引導表語從句時起連接作用，意為“是否”，但在從句中不作任何成分。注意：if不能引導表語從句。Thequestioniswhetherwecancutdownthecostsoftheproduct.問題是我們是否降低這款產(chǎn)品的成本。Thepointiswhetherweshouldlendhimthemoney.關鍵在于我們是否應該借錢給他。3．連接代詞引導表語從句連接代詞what、who、whom、which、whose、whatever、whoever、whomever、whichever等引導表語從句時，在句中作主語、賓語、表語或定語等成分。Thisiswhatmyfatherhastaughtme—toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest.這是我父親教我的——總是面對困難并抱最大的希望。Theproblemiswhocancompletethedifficulttask.問題是誰能完成這項困難的任務。Myquestioniswhoseturnitistobeondutytoday.我的問題是今天輪到誰值日了。4．連接副詞引導表語從句連接副詞when、where、how、why等引導表語從句時，除在句中起連接作用外，在從句中還分別充當時間、地點、方式、原因狀語。Thisiswhereweusuallythinkit'seasiertojustgiveup.這就是我們通常認為更容易放棄的地方。Thebestmomentforthefootballstarwaswhenhescoredthewinninggoal.對這名足球明星來說，最美好的時刻就是他踢進制勝球的時候。Theirdifficultyishowtheycancleartheirdebts.他們的困難是怎樣才能還清債務。5．a(chǎn)sif/asthough、because等引導表語從句asif/asthough引導的表語從句常置于系動詞look、seem、sound、be、become等后面。because引導的表語從句常見于“This/That/Itis/wasbecause...”句型中。Itlooksasif/asthoughitisgoingtorain.看起來要下雨了。Hewassenttothehospital.That'sbecausehewasill.他被送到醫(yī)院。那是因為他病了。注意:(1)asif/asthough引導的表語從句所述的是事實或極有可能發(fā)生的情況，從句用陳述語氣；所述的是非真實的情況，從句用虛擬語氣(表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反時，從句動詞用一般過去時，be動詞用were；表示與過去事實相反時，從句動詞用過去完成時；表示與將來事實相反時，從句動詞用would/could/might＋動詞原形)。Thethicksmogcoveredthewholecity.Itwasasifagreatblackblankethadbeenthrownoverit.厚重的煙霧籠罩了整個城市，好像把一塊大黑毯蓋到了它的上面。(2)三個易混的表語從句：①“This/That/Itiswhy＋表語從句(表結(jié)果)”意為“這/那就是……的原因”；②“This/That/Itisbecause＋表語從句(表原因)”意為“這/那是因為……”；③“Thereasonwhy...isthat＋表語從句”意為“……的原因是……”。Shehasababytotakecareof.That'swhysheoftencomeslate.她有一個孩子需要照顧，那就是她經(jīng)常遲到的原因。Sheoftencomeslate.That'sbecauseshehasababytotakecareof.她經(jīng)常遲到，那是因為她有一個孩子需要照顧。Thereasonwhyhedidn’tcomeisthathehadnotreceivedtheinvitation.他沒來的原因是他沒有收到請柬。【即時演練】ThefactisCOVID-19hasaconsiderableinfluenceonpeople'slife.Ourhopeis______aneffectivecureforCOVID-19willbefoundassoonaspossible.Thequestionisthestarcouldturnupattheeveningpartyontime.Mydoubtisthenewfileisworthseeing.Thetroubleisisqualifiedtotakeoverthebusinesswhilethemanagerisabsent.Obeyingthetrafficrulesisallofusshouldpayattentiontoinparticular.HispuzzleisdictionaryisofgreaterhelptoEnglishbeginners.ThemostexcitingmomentwashissonwasadmittedtoPekingUniversity.Themountainvillageishewasbroughtupbyhisgrandparents.Thequestioniswecanfinishthetoughtaskaheadofschedule.【答案】that2.that3.whether4.whether5.who6.what7.which8.whenWhere10.how集體名詞作主語時的主謂一致主謂一致是指句子的謂語動詞和其主語在人稱和數(shù)上必須保持一致。本單元側(cè)重講解集體名詞作主語時的主謂一致問題。集體名詞作主語時可歸為以下三類：1．有的集體名詞表示復數(shù)含義，作主語時謂語通常也用復數(shù)形式，比如cattle、people、police等。Howmanypeoplewereatthemeeting?有多少人參加了會議？Thecattlearegrazingatthefootofthehill.牛群正在山腳下吃草。2．有的集體名詞作主語時，謂語動詞可用單數(shù)形式，也可用復數(shù)形式。若視為整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；若強調(diào)集體中的一個個成員，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式，比如family、class、enemy、audience、army、band、committee、crowd、staff、team、board、couple、data、group、government、public等。(1)強調(diào)整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)：Therewasabigaudienceattheeveningparty.晚會上觀眾很多。Hisfamilyhasmovedintothenewhouse.他家已搬進新房子。Thefootballteamisbeingreorganized.這支足球隊正在重組。(2)強調(diào)成員，謂語動詞用復數(shù)：Theaudiencewerealldeeplyimpressedbytheplot.劇情給觀眾留下了極為深刻的印象。Theclassarealloutontheplaygroundtocheerfortheathletes.班上的學生們都到操場上為運動員鼓勁去了。Thecommitteeagreetodiscusstheproposalatthenextmeeting.委員們同意在下次會議中討論該建議。3．有的集體名詞作主語時，謂語動詞只能用單數(shù)形式，比如baggage、clothing、equipment、furniture、jewellery、luggage、scenery、poetry等。Thefurnitureintheroomhasbeenmadetoorder.這個房間的家具是定做的。Mostoftheirequipmenthasbeenshippedaheadofschedule.他們的大部分設備已提前運走了。【即時演練】Thepolice(be)senttothespottokeeporderimmediately.Alltheirclothing(be)strikingwithbrightcolors.Theclass(consist)of25boysand20girls.Theclass(be)doinganexperimentinthelabnow.【答案】were2.is3.consists4.are完成句子1．會議是否會如期舉行還不清楚。remainsunclear.2．學習英語最重要的是足夠的練習。isenoughpractice.3．誰最后離開房間，誰就應該關燈。oughttoturnoffthelights.4．這個計劃是否會實施還不清楚。theplanwillbecarriedout.5．誰將負責我們班級到目前為止還沒確定。hasn'tbeendecidedsofar.6．他開會缺席是因為他的航班推遲了。Hisabsencefromthemeetingis．7．他考試不及格的原因是他沒有努力學習。Thereason．8．北京已不是十年前的北京了。Beijingisn't．9．令父母驕傲的是他們的女兒考上了她夢想中的大學。Whattheparentsareproudofis．10．看上去她好像知道這個壞消息了。Itlooks．11．昨天當我拜訪他們時，他們一家人正在吃晚飯。WhenIvisitedthemyesterday,thefamily．12．在我們學校，我們班在踢足球方面比其他任何班都好。Ourclassatplayingfootballinourschool.13．這個山區(qū)的風景很美，吸引了很多游客。,whichhasattractedmanytourists.14．所有家具都已經(jīng)被搬到了另一個房間里。Allthefurnitureanotherroom.15．各種可能的方法都試過了，效果很好。Everypossiblemeansandtheresultisverygood.【答案】WhetherthemeetingwillgoaheadasplannedWhatmattersmostinlearningEnglishWhoeverleavestheroomlastItisstillunknownwhetherWhowilltakechargeofourclassbecausehisflightwasputoffwhyhefailedtheexamisthathedidn'tstudyhardwhatitwastenyearsagothattheirdaughterwasadmittedintoherdreamuniversityasifshehasknownthebadnewswerehavingdinnerisbetterthananyotherclassthesceneryofthismountainareaisbeautiful,hasbeenmovedtohasbeentried單句語法填空1．_______hewilljoinuswon'tmaketoomuchdifference.2．surprisedmemostwasthatsuchalittlegirlofsevencouldplaytheviolinsowell.3．Thatwegoswimmingeveryday(do)usalotofgood.4．hisdreamofgoingtocollegewillcometrueisuncertain.5．Somepeoplebelievehashappenedbeforeorishappeningnowwillrepeatitselfinthefuture.6．thevaluablepaintingswerehiddenisstillamystery.7．—Whatmadeherparentssoangry?—shehadfailedintheexamination.8．Itremainsaquestionwecangetsomuchmoneyinsuchashorttime.9.______remainstobeseenwhetherthisplanispracticalenoughtokeeptheprojectgoing.10．theywillhavethesportsmeetingisstillaquestion,fortheyhavesomanythingstodo.11．Thereasonwhyheadaptedtothenewsituationsquicklyishehasaflexibleattitude.12．madethedoctorupsetwasheshouldtellthepatientthetruthornot.13．Sheinsistedthatshedidagoodjob,andthatwasshedisagreedwithherfather.14．ThebesttimeforMarkTwainwasheworkedontheMississippi.15．OneofthegreatthingsaboutlivinginChinaisconvenientitistotraveltodifferentplaces.16．Hedidn'tattendschoolyesterday,andthat'shegotatoothache.17．Theproblemiswecangetsomuchmoneyfortheoperationornotinsuchashorttime.18．Whatisjustbeyondmyimaginationisfortuneshouldblessmewithachancetorealizemydream.19．Ithinkthatacceptingfailureisweneedtodofirstbeforewesucceedeventually.20．Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit(be)broken.21．Ourcountryisdevelopingatanamazingspeed,whichismakesmefeelveryproud.22．—DoyouthinkitwiseofChinesemotherstotrytodoeverythingfortheirchildren?—No,that'stheyaremistaken.23．ThequestioniswilltravelwithmetoBeijingtomorrow.24．—Children'sbehaviourismosteasilyinfluencedbyhisparents.—True.That'sweshouldsetagoodexampletoourkids.25．Modestyis