2025年高一英語寒假銜接講練 (譯林版)第05講 語法填空(含單句填空和語篇填空)(知識(shí)講解+名校新題練)(學(xué)生版)

第05講語法填空(含單句填空和語篇填空)目錄新知導(dǎo)航：熟悉題型、掌握知識(shí)脈絡(luò)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)：知識(shí)點(diǎn)全面梳理，掌握必備重點(diǎn)記憶：關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)快速記憶，提升能力小試牛刀：考點(diǎn)剖析+過關(guān)檢測，合理應(yīng)用語法填空題的測試重點(diǎn)在于考查同學(xué)們能否將高一階段所學(xué)的語言知識(shí)運(yùn)用到實(shí)際的英語讀寫活動(dòng)中去。語法填空試題基本上涉及了高一階段所學(xué)的各類語法項(xiàng)目，而且考點(diǎn)分布比較均衡。從設(shè)題方式來看，分為給出提示詞和不給出提示詞兩類。已給單詞提示題型的技巧這種考查形式主要考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換、名詞單復(fù)數(shù)變化、形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)變化、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)(含主謂一致)以及動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式。同樣，我們先判斷設(shè)空處在句中的功能，再確定該用什么形式。(1)謂語動(dòng)詞一般考查1-2個(gè)，考生需要根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)判斷是否缺謂語動(dòng)詞。一旦確定句子缺少謂語動(dòng)詞，需要從3個(gè)方面考慮：時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、主謂一致。確定時(shí)態(tài)要先觀察本句中有無時(shí)間狀語，不同的時(shí)間狀語對應(yīng)不同的時(shí)態(tài)。沒有時(shí)間狀語的，根據(jù)上下文中的時(shí)態(tài)確定空格的時(shí)態(tài)，常考查的時(shí)態(tài)有一般過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。確定好時(shí)態(tài)后要考慮語態(tài)，也就是謂語動(dòng)詞與主語之間的關(guān)系，是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)。確定時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)之后，還需考慮主謂一致的問題，即根據(jù)主語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式確定謂語動(dòng)詞的形式。Atalk

(give)tomorrowiswrittenbyProfessorZhang.句中的iswritten是整句的謂語，所以橫線所在的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)當(dāng)用作非謂語。從tomorrow可以看出，報(bào)告是“將來”作的，故用不定式；且報(bào)告是give動(dòng)作的承受者，故可以判斷出橫線所在處用give的不定式被動(dòng)式——tobegiven。(2)非謂語動(dòng)詞一般考查2個(gè)左右，這是語法填空中的一大難點(diǎn)。首先，要先觀察設(shè)空句的主句和從句中有沒有謂語動(dòng)詞來判斷是否選用非謂語動(dòng)詞；其次要根據(jù)句子成分(主語、賓語、定語、狀語、賓語補(bǔ)足語等)明確合適的非謂語動(dòng)詞形式(不定式、V-ing形式、過去分詞)。總之，可以把握一個(gè)總體方向，即V-ing形式往往表主動(dòng)或動(dòng)作進(jìn)行，過去分詞一般表示被動(dòng)或完成，不定式一般作目的狀語或后置定語。2、形容詞、副詞命題主要圍繞兩點(diǎn)：一是形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)；二是構(gòu)詞，如形容詞變副詞、動(dòng)詞變形容詞、名詞變形容詞等詞性轉(zhuǎn)換和un,dis,in,im,ir,il等否定前綴。例：Iam(tall)thanLiuWen.Heisthetalleststudentsinmyclass.此題后句交代了LiuWen是班上最高的學(xué)生，那“我”肯定比他矮，所以不能用taller，只能用表示程度不如的“l(fā)esstall”。3、名詞除動(dòng)詞變名詞的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換外，名詞主要考查單復(fù)數(shù)和所有格的變化。Therearemanystudentslivingatschool，the

(child)housesareallfarfromschoo1.由students一詞可以判斷出橫線處應(yīng)填復(fù)數(shù)，且作為houses的定語，所以應(yīng)用其所有格形式，故答案為child的復(fù)合變化形式——復(fù)數(shù)的所有格children’s。4、代詞考查代詞時(shí)有時(shí)會(huì)給出提示詞，這種情況多考查人稱代詞(主格和賓格)、物主代詞(形容詞性和名詞性)以及反身代詞。代詞形式變化通常是與人稱變化有關(guān)的三大類五小類，即人稱代詞(主格和賓格)、物主代詞(形容詞性和名詞性)、反身代詞。另外還有幾個(gè)不定代詞的形式變化，如noone／none、other／another等。例：Thekingdecidedtoseethepainterby

(he).由介詞by可以看出，橫線處應(yīng)填反身代詞himself。5.數(shù)詞形式變化。數(shù)詞的形式變化包括基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞，或加后綴一teen、ty的變化，甚至還有作分母用的序數(shù)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式，以及one／two的特殊變化形式

once／twice例：TomythreesonsIleavemyseventeenhorses.Myeldestsonshalltakeahalf，mysecondsonshalltakea

(three).從上下文連續(xù)起來理解，這是一個(gè)分馬的計(jì)劃，大兒子分得ahalf，也就是“一半”或“二分之一”，那么二兒子應(yīng)該得“三分之一”，所以要填入作分母的序數(shù)詞“third”才能命中目標(biāo)。6.詞的派生。詞的派生現(xiàn)象在英語單詞中是很常見的，派生現(xiàn)象主要發(fā)生在名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞四種詞中。這種題型還有可能檢測學(xué)生對詞根、前后綴、派生詞的掌握。例：Liouslosthiswalletyesterday，SOhewasvery____(happiness).在這道題中，學(xué)生很容易判斷出該用形容詞；錢包丟了，人應(yīng)該是不開心的，所以要再加個(gè)前綴un，就成了unhappy。未給單詞提示題型的技巧這種形式主要考查同學(xué)們對語篇的理解、對邏輯關(guān)系的把握以及對固定搭配和常見句式的掌握程度?？疾榈膬?nèi)容主要是冠詞、介詞、代詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、連詞、連接代/副詞、關(guān)系詞和句式。因?yàn)闆]有提示詞，所以同學(xué)們需要根據(jù)短文大意、上下文的邏輯關(guān)系和對一些長難句的結(jié)構(gòu)分析來判斷設(shè)空處在句中的功能，從而界定其詞性，確定其意義，最后確定其內(nèi)容。1：固定短語結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)句中橫線前后及整句來判斷橫線前后是否構(gòu)成一個(gè)固定短語，但有時(shí)要對橫線前或后的幾個(gè)單詞“視而不見”才能命中答案。例1：Thechildrenwereplayingontheground,enjoying______,dirtybuthappy.從句中的happy可以猜出孩子們是開心的，所以應(yīng)用enj0yoneself短語，故其答案為themselves。2：短語動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)。短語動(dòng)詞是以動(dòng)詞為中心的兩個(gè)或多個(gè)詞構(gòu)成的短語，此類短語中往往是動(dòng)詞與介詞或副詞連用的多些。例1：Theusconsists____fiftystates.根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，美國由50個(gè)州組成，故橫線處與前一詞組合，表示“由......組成”，所以答案是of。3：短語介詞結(jié)構(gòu)。短語介詞即多個(gè)詞的組合。起介詞作用的短語，如：exceptfor，dueto等。例1：MrSmithtookaplanetoLondon____oftakingatrain.此題中說到兩種交通工具，所以可以理解此句有“坐……而不是坐……”的意思，故答案為instead，以構(gòu)成介詞短語insteadof。4：連詞、關(guān)聯(lián)短語結(jié)構(gòu)。常用的連詞有and，or，but，so，for，while等，常用的關(guān)聯(lián)短語有both…and...，either…or...，neither…nor...，notonly…butalso...等。例1：____MarrieandJannielikegoingtothetheatre.橫線處的詞與后面可以構(gòu)成both?and，故答案為Both。5：冠詞、介詞和常用的副詞。冠詞只能是在a，an，the之間判斷；常用的介詞有in，at，on，before，during等，通?？疾楣潭ù钆?；副詞的量還是比較多，如：however，never，yet，much等。例1：Jackielikestodriveat____highspeed.這里考查的是不定冠詞的習(xí)慣用法，答案為a，構(gòu)成atahighspeed，“以高速”開車。如何確定謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)慧眼識(shí)別標(biāo)志詞認(rèn)清常考時(shí)態(tài)的標(biāo)志性時(shí)間狀語(1)看到often,usually,always,everytime,sometimes等時(shí)間狀語，要想到用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。(2)看到y(tǒng)esterday,lastyear,in2022,theotherday,twodaysago,，一段時(shí)間+later等時(shí)間狀語，要想到用一般過去時(shí)。(3)看到tomorrow,nextyear,inaweek,inthefuture,soon等時(shí)間狀語，要想到用一般將來時(shí)。(4)看到atthismoment,atpresent,now等時(shí)間狀語,要想到用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。(5)看到since,recently,lately,already,inthelastpastfewyears,sofar/uptonow,for+時(shí)間段，eversince..，等時(shí)間狀語，要想到用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。(6)看到bythen,bytheendof...等時(shí)間狀語，要想到用過去完成時(shí)。瞻前顧后找并列(1)可根據(jù)并列連詞and,but,or,ratherthan,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...等前后的謂語動(dòng)詞形式確定所填謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。(2)同一個(gè)主語的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列謂語，謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)要一致。通過“常用句式”法掌握常用句式也是解決時(shí)態(tài)問題快速且行之有效的方式，因此平時(shí)要積累并熟記一些常用句式。如：(1)was/weredoingsth.whensb.did...(2)had(just)donesth.when+一般過去時(shí)(3)This/It/Thatisthefirst/second...timethatsb.have/hasdone...(4)This/It/Thatwasthefirst/second...timethatsb.haddone...(5)祈使句+and/or+陳述句，陳述句用一般將來時(shí)(6)It’s(high)timethat...did/shoulddosth.通過“語境暗示”法分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞作謂語，而沒有標(biāo)志性的時(shí)間狀語，且其他參照物都不明顯的情況下，通過正確理解語境即通過題干中的語境暗示解題,也是解決時(shí)態(tài)問題的一種行之有效的方法。如何確定謂語動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)1.依據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系，辨析主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)(1)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞作謂語，若與主語之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)考慮用主動(dòng)語態(tài)；若是被動(dòng)關(guān)系則考慮用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。(2)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本形式為:be+過去分詞，不同形式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)見下面的【注意】。(3)運(yùn)用上面的技法來判斷是什么時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài),再根據(jù)主謂一致判斷be動(dòng)詞的形式。2.牢記主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)含義的句式結(jié)構(gòu)(1)當(dāng)feel,look,smell,taste,sound等后面接形容詞時(shí)；(2)當(dāng)cut,read,sell,wear,write,wash等作不及物動(dòng)詞表示主語內(nèi)在“品質(zhì)”或“性能”時(shí)；(3)當(dāng)breakout,takeplace,shutoff,turnoff,workout等動(dòng)詞短語表示“發(fā)生，關(guān)閉，制定”等意思時(shí)?？键c(diǎn)一、單句語法填空1.(2023上·山東濟(jì)寧·高一校考階段練習(xí))Therearesomeobviouspractical(apply)oftheresearch.2.If(admit)totheclub,you’llbeinformed.3.(2023上·江西南昌·高一南昌二中?？茧A段練習(xí))When(compare)withmyeldersister,Ilookmuchslimmer.4.(chemistry)weaponsarebannedinternationally.5.(2023上·福建南平·高一?？计谥?Infact,thesecamerasareused(track)thedogs’eyemovements.6.Youcanbeexposedtoa(various)ofculturesWhentravellinginChina.7.Whatmademeupsetwasthatmycarbrokehalfway.8.(2023上·陜西西安·高一西安市第六十四中學(xué)?？茧A段練習(xí))Atthefestival,besidestheknowledgeofsilkhistory,

(variety)delicatesilkproductsareshown,andsomeelegantsilkdressesareamongthem.9.(2023上·陜西西安·高一西安市第六十四中學(xué)?？茧A段練習(xí))Eventhough

(bury)inhiswork,hewouldn’tmisstheopportunitytochatwithhisson.10.Thesportsmeetinghadtobeputoffduetheheavyrain.11.(2023上·福建漳州·高二福建省華安縣第一中學(xué)校考階段練習(xí))Children,when(accompany)bytheirparents,areallowedtoentertheGreenExpoGardenforfree.12.TimgotemotionalduringhiseventinNewYorkCityTuesdaynightrecallinghisrecentconversationwithdad.?13.Thesizeandshapeofyournoseisdeterminedbytheclimateyoulive,accordingtoanewresearch.14.(2023上·廣東中山·高一中山市華僑中學(xué)?？茧A段練習(xí))Anew(vary)ofriceisbeingdevelopednow.15.Thedriverwantedtoparkhiscarneartheroadsidebutwasaskedbythepolicenot.16.Firstdegreeburnsturnwhitewhen(press).17.(be)Iateacher,Iwouldbestrictwithmystudents.18.Though(tire),theywentonworkinginordertofinishthetaskontime.19.Theworld’stropicalforestsare(appear)atanevenfasterratethanexpertshaveeverthought.20.Withtherapid(economy)development,Chinaplaysamoreandmoreimportantroleontheinternationalstage.考點(diǎn)二、語段語法填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Passage1(2023上·河南鄭州·高一鄭州外國語學(xué)校校聯(lián)考階段練習(xí))PrinceLlewellyntheGreatwasrulerofWalesfor40yearsbutheisnowrememberedmoreforthestoryofGelert.Oneday,PrinceLlewellynwasouthuntingintheWelshcountryside.Backhome,hisnewbornson1(sleep)asGelert,his2(faith)dog,watchedoverhim.WhilethePrincewasridingthroughtheforest,heheardloudbarking3(come)fromthedirectionofthehouse.ThePrincehadaterriblefeelingandgallopedquicklyhome.WhenPrinceLlewellynwalkedthroughthedoor,Gelertjumpeduptogreethim4ahugesmileonhisface.ThePrincelookedatGelert,onlytofindblooddrippingfromitsmouthandfur.Llewellynranintohisson’sbedroom.Thecotwasempty.Inablazeofanger,hetookhisswordand5(swing)itatthedog.Afterhekilledthedog,hesawthebodyofadeadwolfandrealizedthatthere6(be)afightearlieron.Andthenheheardthecryingofababyfromunderthecot.Itwasnotuntilthen7thePrincerealizedGelert8(hide)thebabyandkilledthewolf.Llewellynwasheartbroken.Heorganizedagreatceremonytoburythedogthathadsavedhisson’slife.Hevisitedthegraveeverydayuntilhedied.Verytouching,isn’tit?9,somepeopledonotbelievethestorytobetrue,despitethe10(exist)ofGelert’sgravestoneinWales.Passage2(2023上·山東煙臺(tái)·高一萊陽一中?？茧A段練習(xí))Morethan500yearsago,explorerssailedtotheAmericas.They1(bring)afewfour-leggedpassengersalongwiththem:pigs.Today,thereare2(near)sixmillionwildpigs,alsoknownasboars(野豬),3(run)freeintheUS.Boarscancausealotofdamagetocropsandsoccerfields.Theyeatbabybirdsandturtleeggs.Everyyear,theycause$1.5billionindamage.Peopledoalltheycouldtostopthem,4boarskeepgoingstrong.Texasishometohalfofthecountry’sboarpopulation.Some5(county)offerhunters$5foreveryboartailtheybringin.High-techmeansarealsoused6(battle)thewildpigs.Thelatestisasteel(鋼)cage7hangsofftheground—officialslayatrackoftastycornleadingto8cage.Specialcamerasrecordtheboarsapproaching.Officialswatchfromafar.Atjusttherightmoment,theofficialspressabuttononanapp.Thecagedropsandtrapsadozenboarsallatonce.Butboarsaresmart.They’velearnedwaystoavoidgetting9(catch).Theyknowthathumanshuntindaylight.Nowtheanimalssleepduringthedayandeatatnight,whenit’smuch10(safe).Untilwefindawaytooutsmartthem,boarswillkeeppiggingoutonfarmsandgardens.Passage3(2023上·江蘇·高一江蘇省蘇州實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)校考階段練習(xí))ParentalInstinctsLastyearinearlysummer,IwaswalkingupthehilltomyhouseinsuburbanBrisbanewhenIsawtwobirds,eachabout6centimeterstall,standinginmydriveway.Theydidn’tseemtonoticeme1Iwasrightinfrontofthemandthentheyimmediatelyflewintothenearbybushes.ItwasthefirsttimethatI2(see)twospecialbirdsmakeanestinmyfrontyard.Ihadn’treallyexpectedthemtoaswildbirdsdon’tusuallynestsoclose.Afewweekslater,thebirdsreappeared.Ifoundthemcrouchingbesideatreeofftothesideofmydriveway.AsIapproachedthem,Iimaginedtheywouldrunawayliketheydidlasttime,butinstead,they3(stick)outtheirheadsandmadeathreateningcroakingsound4camefromdeepinsidetheirthroats.Ididsomeresearchandfoundthatthebirdsareburhinusgrallarius(長尾石雞).Istilldidn’tknow5theywerecroakingatmeuntilashorttimelaterImadeanamazingdiscovery:theyhadlaidtwoeggswhichhatchedintotwosmallbirdsracingaroundnow.AsIcrepttowardsthebirds,carefulnottomakeanysuddenmovement,theystartedtheircroakingagain,6(stretch)theirnecksforwardssotheyseemedlongerandmorethreatening.IwaswatchingtheminawewhenIsuddenlytrippedandfelltotheground.Thebirdstookthis7athreatandthefatherracedtowardsme,spreadinghiswingstoshieldthemotherandthechickswhilemaking8(it)appearlarger.Tothem,myappearancewaslikelytobe9(frighten),soIleftquickly.Iwasamazedbytheirbraveactions.Itwastheirparentalinstinctsthatdid10(wonder)andmadethemsocourageous.Itishardnottobeawedbynature.Passage4(2023上·河北唐山·高一校考階段練習(xí))PeruisacountryonthePacificcoastofSouthAmericaInthe1400sand1500s,Peruwasthecentreofthe1(power)ancientIncaEmpire.Spain2(control)Peruinthe16thcenturyandruleduntil1821.Itisforthisreason3SpanishisthemainofficiallanguageofPeru.InPeru,therearemanyplacesthatyoucanvisit.AshortflightfromCuscowilltakeyouintotheAmazonrainforest.Youcanspendthreedays4(explore)therainforestwithalocalguideandenjoyingtheplantsandanimalsthatareunique5therainforest.Afour-daywalkingtourwilltakeyouonamazing6(path)throughtheAndesMountainson7waytothecityofMachPicchu.Afterarrivingatthedestination,youwillbegivenadaytovisitthecity.Theancientcitywillleaveyouadeepimpression.8(especial)amazingistheIncas’drystonemethodofbuilding.Stones9(cut)byIncabuilderstoexactsizessothatnothingwasneeded10(hold)wallstogetherotherthantheperfectfitofthestones.Passage5(2023上·四川南充·高一閬中中學(xué)?？茧A段練習(xí))Lightpollutionisaseriousproblem.ThisbecamecompletelyobviouswhentheWorldAtlasofArtificialNightSkyBrightness,acomputer-createdmapbasedonthousandsofsatellite(衛(wèi)星)photos,1(publish)in2016.Themapshowshowandwhere2(we)worldislitupatnight.LargeareasofNorthAmerica,Europe,andAsiaareglowing(發(fā)光)withlight,whileonlythemostremote(偏遠(yuǎn)的)placesonEarthareintotaldarkness.Someofthemostlight-polluted3(country)intheworldareSingapore,Qatar,andKuwait.Skyglowisthebrighteningofthenightsky,mostlyovercities,because4theelectriclightsofcars,streetlamps,offices,factoriesandbuildings,turningnightintoday.People5liveincitieswithhighlevelsofskyglowhaveahardtime6(see)starsatnight.Scientistsare7(particular)worriedaboutskyglowpollutionasitinfluencestheirability8(view)space.Accordi