2025年高二英語寒假銜接講練 (譯林版)第07講 閱讀理解(知識講解+名校新題練)(學(xué)生版)

第07講閱讀理解目錄新知導(dǎo)航：熟悉題型、掌握知識脈絡(luò)基礎(chǔ)知識：知識點(diǎn)全面梳理，掌握必備重點(diǎn)記憶：關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)快速記憶，提升能力小試牛刀：考點(diǎn)剖析+過關(guān)檢測，合理應(yīng)用閱讀理解是高考試題中的重頭戲，因此閱讀理解試題的分?jǐn)?shù)的得失成為高考英語成敗的關(guān)鍵。任何一位作者都會(huì)有自己的寫作意圖，任何一篇文章都會(huì)有自己的中心主旨，而能否明晰作者的寫作意圖，能否把握文章的主旨，是理解一篇文章的關(guān)鍵，也是閱讀水平高低的體現(xiàn)。為了考察考生對文章的理解程度和閱讀水平，出題者必然會(huì)以各種方式對作者的寫作意圖與文章的主旨要義進(jìn)行考察。一般來說，文章的主旨經(jīng)常會(huì)被表述在文章的首尾中，首尾既包括文章的首段尾段，又包括每一段的段首句和段尾句。要想快速把握文章中心，文本之首尾段和各段之首尾句是最佳切入點(diǎn)，因此高一的同學(xué)們應(yīng)格外注意英語閱讀理解的理解和應(yīng)用，注意其解題過程。先看問題，再讀文章做閱讀理解是先看問題，還是先看文章，這是很多同學(xué)經(jīng)常問的問題。我覺得這兩種方法各有利弊，應(yīng)視具體情況而定。就閱讀廣告而言，還是先看問題比較好，因?yàn)閺V告類的試題絕大部分是尋找信息的題目，大可不必從頭讀到尾，帶著問題有針對性地去跳讀、略讀，這樣就可以節(jié)約不少時(shí)間。抓住廣告的標(biāo)題如果廣告有標(biāo)題，大標(biāo)題下又有小標(biāo)題，那么，快速尋找原文信息時(shí)，這些標(biāo)題就成了很重要的線索，可以幫助我們快速準(zhǔn)確地找到答案。有些題目考查的就是對廣告標(biāo)題的理解。逐項(xiàng)比較，得出最佳做閱讀理解題，切不可憑主觀印象，想當(dāng)然地確定答案。任何一道題目，均可以在原文中找到相關(guān)線索，這就如同破譯密碼一樣。做題人的思維過程和編題人的思維過程恰好相反，編題人先找好線索，然后設(shè)計(jì)問題和選項(xiàng)，解題人根據(jù)問題，再去文中找相關(guān)線索。因此，我們做題時(shí)要逐項(xiàng)比較，排除錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)，得出最佳答案。4.吃透文章文章大意和中心思想任何一篇文章都會(huì)有一個(gè)主旨和中心。有時(shí)從文章的第一個(gè)段落，甚至第一個(gè)句子即可得出文章的主旨大意，從這一段或這個(gè)句子，我們就會(huì)知道文章描述的是什么(即文章的主題)，也會(huì)了解作者希望讀者了解主題方面的哪些內(nèi)容。有時(shí)，文章的主旨要義則需從文章的字里行間去濃縮去推斷。這類試題主要考查考生略讀文章、領(lǐng)會(huì)駕馭大意的能力，它對考生的歸納、概括能力有一定的要求。5.理解文中具體信息文章主題和中心思想的闡述往往需要大量細(xì)節(jié)信息的支持，這些細(xì)節(jié)對于理解全文內(nèi)容至關(guān)重要，同時(shí)也是歸納和概括文章中心思想的基礎(chǔ)。命題人員往往會(huì)要求考生根據(jù)不同的要求，閱讀文章以獲得某些特定的信息或準(zhǔn)確地尋求所需的細(xì)節(jié)。這類試題有時(shí)比較直接，理解字面意思即可答題；有時(shí)則較為間接，需要?dú)w納、概括和推理才能答題。6.根據(jù)上下文語境，準(zhǔn)確推斷生詞的詞義正確理解文章中單詞或短語的含義是理解文章的第一步，也是理解文章的基礎(chǔ)，不懂單詞含義根本就談不上理解文章。但英語單詞的含義并非完全等同于詞典中所標(biāo)注的漢語意思，其含義隨不同的語境會(huì)有所不同。能根據(jù)上下文正確理解靈活變化的詞義，才算是真正初步具備了一定的閱讀理解能力。此外，閱讀文章時(shí)，常常會(huì)遇到一些過去未見過的詞，但許多這類生詞的詞義可以通過上下文推斷出來。這種不使用詞典而通過閱讀上下文來推斷生詞含義的能力，是一個(gè)合格的讀者所必須具備的能力，因此也是閱讀測試中經(jīng)常檢測的一種能力。7.作出簡單判斷和推理閱讀文章的主要目的是獲取信息，即作者所要傳達(dá)的信息。在實(shí)際的閱讀活動(dòng)中，有時(shí)需要根據(jù)文章提供的事實(shí)和線索，進(jìn)行邏輯推理，推測作者未提到的事實(shí)或某事發(fā)生的可能性等。8.準(zhǔn)確把握作者的意圖、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度每篇文章都有一個(gè)特定的寫作目的，或是向讀者傳遞某個(gè)信息，或是愉悅讀者，或是講授某個(gè)道理。而這些信息通常并不是明確表達(dá)出來，而是隱含在文章之中。因此，這類問題要求考生在理解文章總體內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上，去領(lǐng)會(huì)作者的言外之意?！睂τ⒄Z閱讀能力的考查是英語高考的重中之重，除閱讀理解題外，其他各種題型從單項(xiàng)填空到書面表達(dá)尤其是完形填空和短文該錯(cuò)都與我們的英語閱讀能力有密切的關(guān)系。難怪有的教師在分析高考英語試卷時(shí)得出這樣的結(jié)論“得閱讀者得天下”。細(xì)節(jié)理解題直接信息題★解題方略①認(rèn)真閱讀題干，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞明確答題方向②運(yùn)用略讀及查讀技巧迅速找到文中與問題相關(guān)的信息③仔細(xì)比較所給選項(xiàng)，與原文信息對應(yīng)，鎖定正確選項(xiàng)設(shè)題方式①When/Wheredidthestoryhappen?②Whichofthefollowingstatementsis(not)correct/wrong/false?③Whichofthefollowingstatementsis(not)mentioned/includedinthepassage?④WhowouldmostprobablyenterforTakeaview?⑤Allthestatementsaretrueexcept________.⑥WhichofthefollowingisTRUEabout________？⑦Whichofthemaps/diagramsshowstherightpositionof...?2.間接信息題★解題方略①閱讀題干，有針對性地掃讀原文，鎖定相關(guān)詞句等信息②仔細(xì)比較選項(xiàng)和原文信息，選擇正確或最佳的答案③準(zhǔn)確理解每個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思，尋找與原文信息相關(guān)的同義詞，近義詞或反義詞設(shè)題方式①Whichistherightorderoftheeventsgiveninthepassage?②Bythefirstsentenceofthepassage,theauthormeansthat…？③What’stherightorderoftheeventsrelatedto…?④Inthepassage,theauthorstatesthat…⑤Whatwasthereasonfor…?⑥Whatcanwelearnaboutthepetlizard…?3.數(shù)字計(jì)算題★解題方略①明確題干要求，鎖定原文相關(guān)信息②對相關(guān)信息和數(shù)字進(jìn)行分析和理解③利用加、減、乘、除等運(yùn)算方法進(jìn)行計(jì)算，確定答案設(shè)題方式①Whichnumbershouldyoucallifyouwanttoworkwiththeelderly?②Howmany/Howmuch...?推理判斷題1.隱含與預(yù)測推斷★解題方略①鎖定題干中infer，conclude，suggest，imply，indicate，assume等詞，明確答題方向②根據(jù)語篇，對事件可能產(chǎn)生的結(jié)局或下段可能涉及的內(nèi)容等進(jìn)行推理③瀏覽四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，首先排除與原文信息一樣的選項(xiàng)④立足原文，結(jié)合語境和常識，在字面意義的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推斷設(shè)題方式①Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat.②Accordingto...,wecaninferthat.③Thestoryimpliesthat.④Comparedwithothersimilarproducts,thenewdesign________.⑤Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat________.⑥Thepassage/writer/authorindicates/suggests/impliesthat________.⑦Wecaninferfromthe(first/last)passagethat________.⑧Theunderlinedsentenceindicatesthat________.⑨Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?2.文章出處題★解題方略①原則：從文章的內(nèi)容或結(jié)構(gòu)判斷起出處②方法對號入座—— 報(bào)紙：前面常會(huì)出現(xiàn)日期、地點(diǎn)或通訊社名稱廣告：格式特殊，容易辨認(rèn)產(chǎn)品說明：常含有操作方式、使用方法等網(wǎng)頁：常還有網(wǎng)頁的典型用語設(shè)題方式①Thetextismostlikelytobetakenfrom________.②Wherecanwemostprobablyreadthistext?③Thepassageislikelytoappearin_________.④Whereisthepassagemostlikelytohavebeentakenfrom?⑤Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?⑥Wherecanthetextbefound?3.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題——關(guān)鍵詞句法★解題方略①選項(xiàng)常用詞匯--subjective/objective/neutral/indifferent/unclearpositive/approval/optimistic/hopefulnegative/disapproval/critical/pessimistic/doubtful/skeptical②關(guān)鍵詞句法——全面理解文章的內(nèi)容和中心思想抓住體現(xiàn)人物觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的關(guān)鍵句或列舉的事例注意流露作者思想傾向或感情色彩的形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞設(shè)題方式①Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.②Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthepassage?③Fromthepassagewecanconcludethat________.④Theattitudeoftheauthortowardssomebody/somethingis________.⑤Theauthor'sattitudetowards...canbebestdescribedas________.⑥Thetoneofthispassageisbestdescribedas_______.⑦Whatdoestheauthormostlikelywanttotellus?⑧WhatcanwelearnabouttheauthorsoonafterhemovedtoLondon?詞句猜測題1.詞(短語)義猜測題★解題方略①依據(jù)構(gòu)詞法猜測詞(短語)義——合成、派生、轉(zhuǎn)化②依據(jù)反義詞和對比關(guān)系猜測詞(短語)義——but/yet/however/nevertheless/while/whereas/otherwise/orelse/unlike/instead/ratherthan/bycontrast/comparedto/onthecontrary/ontheotherhand③依據(jù)定義、解釋或同位關(guān)系猜測詞(短語)義——tobedefinedas/tobecalled/thatistobe/tomean/toreferto/thatis(tosay)/inotherwords/namely④依據(jù)上下文猜測詞(短語義)——因果關(guān)系、同位關(guān)系、對比關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系設(shè)題方式①Accordingtothepassage,theword“…”probablymeans_______.②Theunderlinedword“…”means_____.③Whatdoestheword“…”meaninthesecondparagraph?④Whichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedpart?⑤Asusedinthepassage,thephrase“…”suggests_______.⑥Theword...couldbestbereplacedby________.⑦Theauthorusestheword...tomean________.2.指代猜測題★解題方略①方法——宏觀把握——充分把握代詞指代所在的段落或前面段落的整體意義微觀入手——抓住關(guān)鍵詞或關(guān)鍵句，理清邏輯關(guān)系②人稱代詞——it,they,them,he,she等③不定代詞——something,anything,someone,anyone等④指示代詞——this,that,these,those等設(shè)題方式Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“...”standsfor?Theword...couldbestbereplacedby________.Inthe...paragraph,theword...means(refersto)________.Accordingtothepassage，...probablymeans________.主旨大意題1.歸納文章標(biāo)題★解題方略①方法——中心句法——根據(jù)文章中心句，提煉主題詞充當(dāng)文章標(biāo)題1=1——當(dāng)文章的寫作對象特點(diǎn)較多時(shí)，常用寫作對象的名稱充當(dāng)文章的題目1+1=1將文章的寫作對象和其主要特點(diǎn)、意義或影響整合充當(dāng)文章的題目②特點(diǎn)——概括性——抽象、準(zhǔn)確、簡短，常用一個(gè)短語或一句話針對性——標(biāo)題外延恰當(dāng)，與文章內(nèi)容相符，避免以偏概全醒目性——新穎奇特，激發(fā)讀者的閱讀興趣設(shè)題方式①Thebesttitle/headlineforthispassagemightbe________.②Thetext/passagecouldbeentitled________.③Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?④Whichofthefollowingwouldbesuitableasatitleforthepassage?⑤Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?⑥Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?⑦Themostappropriatetitleofthepassageis________.⑧Whatisthemainthemeofthepassage?2.概括文章大意(主旨大意)★解題方略①借助段落主題句歸納——常見位置——段首、段中、段末②借助文章主題段歸納——常見位置——首段(新聞報(bào)道、議論文、說明文)、末段(記敘文、議論文)③借助主題詞歸納——抓住文中出現(xiàn)頻率較高的主題詞，然后對其進(jìn)行概括和歸納，確定文章的主旨大意設(shè)題方式Thispassagechieflydealswith/ismainlyconcernedabout________.②What'sthetopicofthearticle?③Whatisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?④Withwhattopicisthepassagechieflyconcerned?⑤What'sthemainidea/pointofthepassage?⑥Thesubjectdiscussedinthistextis________.⑦Fromthepassageweknowthat________.⑧Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassage?⑨Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainidea/themeofthepassage?⑩Inthispassagetheauthordiscussesprimarily________.Thegeneral/mainideaofthepassageisabout________.3.段落大意題★解題方略方法1：概括段落大意要準(zhǔn)確概括某段的大意，務(wù)必要知道該段的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)。如該段是按總分順序組織，首句做總的說明，其他句子對其進(jìn)行具體論述，這種結(jié)構(gòu)的主題句就在段首；如果按分總順序組織，主題句就在段尾；如果按分總分的順序組織，則主題句就在這段話的中間；如果對比各事物，那么它們的共同點(diǎn)或不同點(diǎn)就是該段大意。方法2：揣摩段落大意有時(shí)，作者可能不直接寫出主題句，而是通過各種方法暗示給讀者，這就需要讀者充分發(fā)揮想象力與判斷力，揣摩段落大意。設(shè)題方式①WhatdoestheauthortellusinParagraph...?②Themainideaofthesecondparagraphprobablyis______.③Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout________.④WhichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizePara.1?4.篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題★解題方略(1)段落(篇章)論證方式——按照事物發(fā)展的順序、按照事件的先后順序、按照人物的活動(dòng)內(nèi)容、按照地點(diǎn)和空間的變換(2)四步解題法——①抓文章中心句——重視文章首段和末段②抓段落中心句——重視段落首句和尾句③看段間邏輯關(guān)系——總分式結(jié)構(gòu)：總——分；總——分——總；分——總對照式結(jié)構(gòu)——一正一反并列式結(jié)構(gòu)——平行關(guān)系，相對獨(dú)立④對比選項(xiàng)定答案設(shè)題方式①Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthispassage?②Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructure/organizationofthepassage?③Thesecondparagraphisdevelopedby?④Thepassageismainlydeveloped/organizedby_______?⑤Howdoestheauthordevelopthepassage?閱讀理解Passage1(2023上·湖北武漢·高二校考階段練習(xí))MarkTwainleftschoolwhenhewastwelve.Hehadlittleschooleducation.Inspiteofthis,hebecamethemostfamouswriterofhistime.Hemademillionsofdollarsbywriting.HisrealnamewasSamuelLanghorneClemens,butheisbetterknownallovertheworldasMarkTwain,hispenname.MarkTwainwasbornin1835andhewasnotahealthybaby.Infact,hewasnotexpectedtolivethroughthefirstwinter.Butwithhismother’stendercare,hemanagedtosurvive.Asaboy,hecausedmuchtroubleforhisparents.Heusedtoplayjokesonallofhisfriendsandneighbours.Hedidn’tliketogotoschool,andheconstantlyranawayfromhome.HealwayswentinthedirectionofthenearbyMississippiRiver.Hewasnearlydrownedninetimes.Afterhisfather’sdeathin1847,MarkTwainbegantoworkforaprinter,whoonlyprovidedhimwithfoodandclothing.Then,heworkedasaprinter,ariver-boatpilotandlaterjoinedthearmy.Butshortlyafterthathebecameaminer.Duringthisperiod,hestartedtowriteshortstories.Afterwardshebecameafull-timewriter.In1870,MarkTwaingotmarried.IntheyearsthatfollowedhewrotemanybooksincludingTomSawyerin1876,andHuckleberryFinnin1884,whichmadehimfamous,andbroughthimagreatfortune.Unfortunately,MarkTwaingotintodebtsinbadinvestments(投資)andhehadtowritelargenumbersofstoriestopaythesedebts.In1904,hiswifedied,andthenthreeoftheirchildrenpassedaway.Attheageof70,hishairwascompletelywhite.Heboughtmanywhitesuitsandneckties.HeworenothingbutwhitefromheadtofootuntilhisdeathonApril21,1910.1.MarkTwainleftschoolat12to________.A.workasaminer B.writestories C.jointhearmy D.makealiving2.WhichofthefollowingaboutMarkTwainisNOTtrue?A.Hewasnotahealthyboy. B.Hecausedmuchtroubleforhisparents.C.Hegainedlotsofmoneybywriting. D.Hehadahappychildhoodbutasadlaterlife.3.________broughthimfameandlotsofmoney.A.Hisworks B.HisinvestmentsC.Hisprinting D.Hisfamily4.Thebesttitleofthispassageis________.A.MarkTwain’sWorks B.MarkTwain’sLifeC.MarkTwain’sFame D.MarkTwain’sSuccessPassage2(2023上·浙江嘉興·高二校考階段練習(xí))DigitalEtiquette(禮節(jié)),ornetiquette,isasetofrulesforhowtobehaveonline.It’salotlikelifeetiquette,whichisbasicallyhavinggoodmannersandtreatingotherswithrespect.It’sjustasimportantinourdigitallives,includinghowweactinonlinegamesorhowwecommunicateinemails,texts,instantmessagesandonsocialnetworkingwebsites.Alloftheseplatformsletustalkandshareinstantlywhereverweare.Unfortunately,somepeoplecanlosecontrolthemomenttheyjumponline.Whentheydisagreewithsomeone,orhavestrongfeelingsaboutatopic,theyendupsayingstuffthey’dneversayinperson!TheymaysendruderemailsandIMsortrytostartargumentsonmessageboards.That’scalledflaming,anditcanleadtofull-onflamewars,insultingargumentsbetweentwoormoreusers.OntheInternet,it’sprettyeasytostayanonymous,orunidentified.Havingasecretidentitytohidebehindcanmakepeopleprettybrave.Andwhenalltheyseeofyouisscreennameorafunnyicon,theymightforgetthatthey’redealingwitharealhumanbeing!Theprincipleissimple:Justlikeinreallife,youshouldtreatotherpeoplethewayyouwanttobetreated.Youwouldn’twantsomebodytoberudetoyou,sodon’tberudetoanyoneelse.Ofcourse,netiquetteisn’tjustaboutbeingnice;it’salsoaboutcommunicatingclearly.ThatmeanskeepingemailsandIMsclear,andtothepoint.Italsomeansmakingyourmessageseasytoreadandunderstand,whichcandependonyouraudience.Forinstance,someabbreviations(縮略詞)andemoticonsmaybefinewithfriends.Butthey’regenerallynotappropriateinformalcommunication.Andwhateveryoudo,don’twriteinallcapitalletters!Writinginallcapsmakesitseemlikeyou’reyelling.Lastly,neverpostanythingaboutyourfriendsonablogorasocialnetworkingsiteunlessyouareallowedto.People’spersonalinformationisprivate,andyoucanreallyruinrelationshipsifyoupostsomethingthatafriendorafriend’sparentsdon’twantontheweb.AndkeepinmindthattheInternetisnotaprivateplace;ifyouwouldn’twantaparent,teacherorfutureemployertoseesomethingyoupost,don’tpostit!5.Accordingtothepassage,theusersofsocialmediaareadvised________.A.tocauseargumentsonmessageboardsB.toapplyabbreviationsandemoticonsasmanyaspossibleC.toberespectfulofothersonlineratherthanofflineD.tobehaveonlinewithcommonetiquette6.WhymightananonymousInternetuserfeelboldenoughtosayhorriblethingsinresponsetoablogpost?A.BecausehecaninsultotherswithoutworryingaboutrevengeB.Becauseheknowshisfriendswillrecognizehimandthinkbetterofhim.C.Becausehecanmakemorefriendsifhesaysmeanthings..D.Becausehecanimpressolder,smarterpeoplewithhisremarks.7.Whichofthefollowingisthebestwaytotextyouruncletosayyou’llbebackinanhour?A.btherein60,cu18r! B.BETHEREINANHOUR.SEEYOULATER!C.I’llbehomeinanhour.Seeyoulater! D.imrunninglatebethereinanhour!8.Whichofthefollowingisaclearruleaboutpostingphotosonline?A.Ifyoutakeaphotograph,youcandowhateveryoulikeaboutit.B.Informationaboutyourfriends,includingphotographs,isprivate.C.It’sillegaltopostpicturesonlineifpeopleinthepicturesdon’tlikeit.D.Youshouldalwaysavoidpostingimagesontheinternet.Passage3(2023上·福建泉州·高二?？茧A段練習(xí))Youngpeople’scareerexpectationshavebecomemoreconcentratedinfeweroccupationsoverthepasttwodecadesthoughsocialmediaandtechnologieslikeArtificialIntelligence(AI)aredevelopingrapidly,accordingtoareportfromtheOrganizationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment(OECD).Traditionaloccupationsfromthe19thand20thcenturies,suchaslawyersandpoliceofficers,continuetotraptheimaginationsofyoungpeoplearoundtheworldastheydidnearly20yearsago.Thereport,basedonalatestsurveyofthe15-year-oldsin41countries,saidthecareerexpectationsofyoungstersmaybe“antiquatedandunrealistic”.Nearlyhalfofyoungpeoplearoundtheworldwishtoworkinjust10ofthemostcommonprofessions.Thesurveysshowthattoomanyteenagersareignoring,ordon’tknow,newtypesofjobsthatarecomingup,particularlyasaresultofdigitalization(數(shù)字化).Itisaconcernthatmoreyoungpeoplethanbeforeappeartobepickingtheirdreamjobfromasmalllistofthemostpopular,traditionaloccupations,liketeachers,lawyersorbusinessmanagers.Thereportfoundthatamongboysandgirlswhoperformsimilarlyinscience,boysaremorelikelytoexpecttoworkinscienceandengineering.Thetop10occupationspreferredbyboyshavechangedverylittlesince2000butgirlsarenowmorelikelytowanttobearchitects,policeofficers,anddesignersratherthanhairdressersorwriters.Thereportalsofoundabroaderrangeofcareerexpectationsincountrieswithstrongandfirmoccupationaltrainingforteenagers.Forexample,inGermanyteenagersshowamuchwiderrangeofcareerintereststhatbetterreflectpatternsoflabourmarketdemands.MorethanathirdofstudentsintheUKreportalackofcareeradviceatschoolsandcolleges.Youngpeople’swishesaresetasyoungasageseven,anddonotchangeenoughovertimetomeetdemands.9.Whatarethecareerexpectationsamongyoungpeoplelikeaccordingtothereport?A.Outdated. B.Uncertain. C.Purposeful. D.Demanding.10.Howdoestheauthorfeelabouttheyoung’sjobinterest?A.Puzzled. B.Surprised. C.Satisfied. D.Worried.11.Whatmeasurecanwidencareerinterestsoftheyouth?A.Strengtheningthevocationaltrainingforteenagers.B.Offeringmorenewtypesofoccupationswithhighpay.C.Advertisingnewtypesofoccupationsonsocialmedia.D.Enrichingtheoccupationimaginationsofyoungpeople.12.Whatisthepassagemainlytalkingabout?A.Newoccupationsforyoungpeople. B.Youngpeople’scareerexpectations.C.Theoccupationaltrainingfortheyoung. D.Thedifficultdemandsinlabourmarket.Passage4(2023上·山東濰坊·高二山東省安丘市第一中學(xué)?？茧A段練習(xí))Morethan3,400yearsaftertwoancientEgyptianswerelaidtorest,thejarsoffoodleftstillsmellsweet.Ateamofanalyticalchemistsandarchaeologists(考古學(xué)家)hasanalysedthesesmellstohelpidentifythejars’contents.Thestudyshowshowtheexplorationofsmellcanenrichourunderstandingofthepast.The1906discoveryoftheundisturbedtomb(墓穴)ofKhaandMeritsymbolizedanimportantstageinEgyptology.Thetombremainsthemostcompletenon-royalancientoneeverfoundinEgypt,showingimportantinformationabouthowhigh-rankingindividualsweretreatedafterdeath.Unusuallyforthetime,thearchaeologistwhodiscoveredthetombresistedthetemptationtoopenthesealedcontainersevenaftertheyweresenttotheEgyptianMuseum.Thecontentsofmanyofthesecontainersarestillunknown,althoughtherearesomeclues,saysanalyticalchemistIlariaDegano.“Fromtakingwiththemuseumkeeperweknewthereweresomefruitysmellsinthedisplaycases,”shesays.Deganoandhercolleaguesplacedvariousartefacts(人工制品)insideplasticbagsforseveraldaystocollectsomeofthechemicalsubstancestheyreleased.Thentheteamusedaspecialmachinetoidentifythecomponentsofthesmellsfromeachartefact.Theyfoundsomechemicalsassociatedwithdriedfish,andsomechemicalscommoninfruits.Thefindingswillfeedintoalargerprojecttoreanalysethetomb’scontentsandproduceamorecomprehensivepictureofburialcustomsfornon-royalsthatexistedwhenKhaandMeritdied,about70yearsbeforeTutankhamunbecametheEgyptianruler.Asidefromshowingmoreaboutpastcivilizations,ancientsmellscouldmakemuseumvisitsmoreinviting.Usually,peopleadmireexhibitswiththeireyesinmuseums.“Smellisarelativelyunexploredgatewaytothecollectivepastformuseumvisitors,”saysCeciliaBembibreatUniversityCollegeLondon.“Ithasthepotentaltoallowustoexperiencetheinamoreemotional,personalway,throughournose.”13.Whatcanwedescribethe1906discoveryofKhaandMerit’tombas?A.AlandmarkinEgyptology. B.Aturningpointinhumanhistory.C.Abreakthroughinarchaeology. D.Amirrorofancientnon-royallife.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“temptation”meaninparagraph3?A.Pressure. B.Ambition. C.Desire. D.Tendency.15.Deganoandhercolleaguesplacedthingsinsideplasticbagsto.A.protectthemfromharm B.gathertheirsmellsC.testthespecialmachine D.backupalargerproject16.WhatcantheancientsmellsdoformuseumvisitorsaccordingtoBembibre?A.Theybringthembacktothepast.B.Theygivethememotionalsupport.C.Theychangetheirviewoncivilizations.D.Theyaddtotheirexperience.Passage5(2023上·山東·高二校聯(lián)考階段練習(xí))MillionsofBritonsareunawarewhatnutrientstheyneedforahealthybody,withafifthbelievingvitaminC’smainroleistomakeyoumoreintelligent.Astudyof2,000adultsrevealed37%areunsureofwhatvitaminstheirfamiliesneed,while35%admittheydon’treallyknowwhatdifferentnutrientsactuallydo.Nearlyathirddon’tconsidervitaminCtobeessentialforahealthybody,withlessthanhalfawarethatithelpstokeepskinhealthy,while33%areunawareoftheimportanceofvitaminD,andthesamenumberthinkyoucouldgetitsimplybyeatingorganicfruitorvegetablegrowninasunnycountry.Asaresult,45%don’tthinktheyaregettingallthevitaminsandmineralstheyneedfromtheirdiets.Italsofoundthatonlyhalfofparentsareconfidenttheyknowthenutrientstheirchildrenshouldbeconsuming.MikelleMcCoin,ConsultantDietitianattheGladstoneInstituteofCardiovascularDisease,said,“Humansneeddifferentvitaminsandmineralsfortheirbodytocontinuetofunctionhealthily,butthesecanvarydependingonyourage.ChildrenknownaspickyeatersmaybenefitfromamorecomprehensivevitaminsupplementwhichincludesironandBvitamins,astheseareparticularlyimportantforgrowthanddevelopment.Andwhentheyareatschoolage,brain

functionandimmunityarethemostimportantforparents.Astheygrowintoteenagers,theirnutritionalneedsarehighastheyhitgrowthandadolescence.Butevenasanadult,thecomponentsofyourneedscanchange—especiallyduringpregnancyorasyoureachmiddleageoroldage.”Thestudyalsofoundlessthanhalfofthosesurveyedconsidermagnesiumtobeanimportantnutrient,withonly40percentawarethatspinach(菠菜)isagoodfoodtoconsumetoboostintake.Andalthoughaquarterviewcopperasessential,just29%areawarepartofitsroleistoproduceredandwhitebloodcells.17.Whichiscorrectaccordingtothesecondparagraph?A.Halfofadultsdon’tknowtheimportanceofvitaminC.B.AboutonethirdoftheadultsthinkvitaminDisessential.C.Mostparentsknowhowtoguaranteetheirkids’nutritionalintake.D.Alladultsdon’tknowwhatvitaminsarenecessaryfortheirfamilies.18.WhatdoMikelleMcCoin’swordsmean?A.Pregnantwomenneedthemostnutrients.B.Vitaminandmineralrequirementsarethesameforall.C.Peopleshouldguaranteesuitablenutrientsatvariousphases.D.Comprehensivevitaminsupplementsarevitalforthemiddleageorold.19.Howdoestheauthorfeelabouttheoutcome?A.Confused. B.Uncertain. C.Indifferent. D.Disappointed.20.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.TorevealBritishdietaryhabits.B.Tointroducesomestudyfindings.C.Toencourageorganicfoodconsumption.D.Toshowwaysofboostingnutrients’

intake.Passage6(2023上·江蘇蘇州·高二?？茧A段練習(xí))Whensomeonesetsouttoimprovetheirhealth,theyusuallytakeafamiliarpath:startingahealthydiet,adoptinganewworkoutplan,gettingbettersleep,ordrinkingmorewater.Eachofthesebehaviorsisimportant,ofcourse,buttheyallfocusonphysicalhealthandagrowingbodyofresearchsuggeststhatsocialhealthisjustas,ifnotmore,importanttooverallwell-being.Arecentstudyfoundthatthestrengthofaperson’ssocialcircle--asmeasuredbycellphoneactivity--wasabetterpredictorofself-reportedstress,happinessandwell-beinglevelsthanfitnesstrackerdataonphysicalactivity,heartrateandsleep.Thatfindingsuggeststhatthe“quantifiedself”presentedbyendlessamountsofhealthdatadoesn’ttellthewholestory,saysstudyco-authorNiteshChawla.“There’saqualifiedself,whichiswhoIam,whatmyactivities,mysocialnetwork,mylifestyle,andmyenjoymentare.Alloftheseaspectsarenotreflectedinanyofthesemeasurements,”Chawlasays.“Andtheyarestrongdeterminantsofmywell-being.”A2019studysetouttodeterminewhat’sdrivingthosehighratesoflonelinessandfoundthatsocialmedia,whenusedsomuchthatitoccupiedface-to-facequalitytime,wastiedtogreaterloneliness.Genderandincomedidn’tseemtohaveastrongeffect,butlonelinesstendedtodecreasewithage,perhapsbecauseofthewisdomandperspectiveaffordedbyyearsoflifelived,saysDr.StuartLustig,oneofthereport’sauthors.Lustigemphasizesthatweshouldusetechnology“toseekoutmeaningfulconnectionsandpeoplethatyouareabletokeepinyoursocialsphere(范圍).It’seasyenoughtofindgroupssuchasMeetups,whichregularlyorganizeofflinegatherings,providingmemberswithopportunitiestointeract,share,andparticipateinvariousactivitiesinreallife.Orthroughsocialmedia,youcanfindplacestogowhereyou’llfindfolksdoingwhatyouwanttodo.”Thatadviceisparticularlyimportantforyoungpeople,hesays,forwhomheavysocialmediauseiscommon.Finally,Lustigstressesthatevensmallsocialchangescanhavealargeimpact.Strikinguppost-meetingconversationswithco-workers,orevenengaginginmicro-interactionswithstrangers,canmakeyoursociallifefeelmorerewarding.21.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingparagraph1?A.Toshowsocialhealthisignoredbysomepeople.B.Toshowsocialpeopleliketodoworkoutswithothers.C.Toprovemanypeopletendtofollowsuittoimprovetheirhealth.D.Toprovemoreandmorepeoplehavebenefitedfromphysicalexercise.22.Whatdowelearnaboutfitnesstrackerdataaccordingtoparagraph2?A.Theyareoutofdate.B.Theyarenotscientific.C.Theycanhelprealizethe“qualifiedself”.D.Theycannotreflectone’soverallhealth.23.Whatdidthe2019studyfind?A.Femalesfeelhappymoreeasilythanmales.B.Oldpeoplefeltlonelierthanyoungpeople.C.Theoveruseofsocialmediacouldleadtoloneliness.D.Incomehadagreatinfluenceonpeople’swell-being.24.WhatadvicedoesDr.StuartLustiggive?A.Avoidingtalkingtostrangers.B.Usingsocialmediaaslittleaspossible.C.Usingtechnologyformeaningfulinteractions.D.Spendingmoretimewithlike-mindedyoungpeople.Passage7(2023上·江蘇徐州·高二統(tǒng)考階段練習(xí))TheSanFrancisco-basedcompany,calledLivingCarbon,hascreatedpoplar(楊樹)treesthataregeneticallyengineered(改變基因結(jié)構(gòu))togrowlargerandsuckupmorecarbondioxidefromtheatmospherethanstandardtreesdo.InFebruary,workersplantedrowsofthesepoplarsinsouthernGeorgia.Thecompanyintendstoplant4to5millionstreesbythemiddleofnextyear,whichtheysaywillhelpwiththeworseningclimatecrisis.Whenplantsphotosynthesize(進(jìn)行光合作用),theyconvertcarbonintosugarandnutrientsthatareeventuallyconsumedbyalllivingorganisms.Buttheyalsoproduceaharmfulbyproduct,whichmustbebrokendownduringtheenergy-intensiveprocessofphotorespiration(光呼吸),saidYuminTao,thecompany’svicepresidentofbiotechnology.“ThisisnotonlywastesenergybutalsolosesmuchfixedcarbonintheformofCO2,whichgetsreleasedintotheairagain,”Taoadded.“It’sawastefulprocessmanyplantsdo.”LivingCarbonhasreducedphotorespirationinitspoplars,insteadchannelingtheenergyintogrowth,hesays.Thetreeshavethreegenesinsertedtoachievethis,includingonefromsquashandonefromgreenalgae.Butthecompanyhasyettoshowitsmodifiedtreescancapturemorecarboninareal—worldsetting.Itsonlypubliclyavailabledatacomesfromastudyinagreenhousethatlastedforonlyafewmonthsandhasyettobepeerreviewed.“Theirclaimsseenboldbasedonverylimitedreal-worlddata,”saysAndrewNewhouse,aconservationbiologistattheSUNYCollegeofEnvironmentalScienceandForestry.Still,thestudyreportedthemodifiedpoplarsgrewasmuchas53%largerinfivemonthscomparedtotheunmodifiedones,capturing27%morecarbondioxide.Now,thecompanyhopesitsotherfieldtrialsinlocationslikeOregonandPennsylvaniawillshowsimilarsuccesses.It