2024-2025學(xué)年新教材高中英語課時分層作業(yè)十三Unit5Revealingnature教學(xué)知識細(xì)解碼含解析外研版選擇性必修第一冊

PAGE1-課時分層作業(yè)(十三)Ⅰ.單詞拼法1．IblamedGeorgeforthefailureofthetalks.2．Thetownfellintoadeclineafterthemineclosed.3．Personalcharacteristics(特征)，suchasageandsexaretakenintoaccount.4．Thecasehasgenerated(產(chǎn)生)enormouspublicityinBrazil.5．Studiessuggestthatlifeoriginatedonlyonce，fromasingleancestor.6．Hesuspectedthatthewomanstayingintheflatabovewasusingheroin.7．Theinterviewsweregiventoarandomsample(樣本)ofstudents.8．Thetimewespenttogetherisnowadistantmemory.Ⅱ.閱讀理解AWhenaleafyplantisunderattack，itdoesn'tsitquietly.Backin1983，twoscientists，JackSchultzandIanBaldwin，reportedthatyoungmapletreesgettingbittenbyinsectssendoutaparticularsmellthatneighboringplantscanget.Thesechemicalscomefromtheinjuredpartsoftheplantandseemtobeanalarm.Whattheplantspumpthroughtheairisamixtureofchemicalsknownasvolatileorganiccompounds，VOCsforshort.ScientistshavefoundthatallkindsofplantsgiveoutVOCswhenbeingattacked.It'saplant'swayofcryingout.Butisanyonelistening？Apparently.Becausewecanwatchtheneighboursreact.Someplantspumpoutsmellychemicalstokeepinsectsaway.Butothersdodoubleduty.Theypumpoutperfumesdesignedtoattractdifferentinsectswhoarenaturalenemiestotheattackers.Oncetheyarrive，thetablesareturned.Theattackerwhowaslunchingnowbecomeslunch.Instudyafterstudy，itappearsthatthesechemicalconversationshelptheneighbors.Thedamageisusuallymoreseriousonthefirstplant，buttheneighbors，relativelyspeaking，staysaferbecausetheyheardthealarmandknewwhattodo.Doesthismeanthatplantstalktoeachother?Scientistsdon'tknow.Maybethefirstplantjustmadeacryofpainorwassendingamessagetoitsownbranches，andso，ineffect，wastalkingtoitself.Perhapstheneighborsjusthappenedto“overhear”thecry.Soinformationwasexchanged，butitwasn'tatrue，intentionalbackandforth.CharlesDarwin，over150yearsago，imaginedaworldfarbusier，noisierandmoreintimate(密切的)thantheworldwecanseeandhear.Oursensesareweak.There'sawholelotgoingon.【語篇解讀】當(dāng)植物受到攻擊時它們怎么反應(yīng)？怎么溝通？1．Whatdoesaplantdowhenitisunderattack?A．Itmakesnoises.B．Itgetshelpfromotherplants.C．Itstandsquietly.D．Itsendsoutcertainchemicals.D[依據(jù)第一段“IanBaldwin，reportedthatyoungmapletreesgettingbittenbyinsectssendoutaparticularsmellthatneighboringplantscanget.Thesechemicalscomefromtheinjuredpartsoftheplantandseemtobeanalarm”可知，當(dāng)植物受到損害時，會分泌出一種化學(xué)物質(zhì)，故D項正確。]2．Whatdoestheauthormeanby“thetablesareturned”inParagraph3?A．Theattackersgetattacked.B．Theinsectsgatherunderthetable.C．Theplantsgetreadytofightback.D．Theperfumesattractnaturalenemies.A[詞義揣測題。依據(jù)第三段“Oncetheyarrive，thetablesareturned.Theattackerwhowaslunchingnowbecomeslunch.”可知，一旦它們到達(dá)這里，攻擊者就成為植物的午餐，故A項正確。]3．Scientistsfindfromtheirstudiesthatplantscan.A．predictnaturaldisastersB．protectthemselvesagainstinsectsC．talktooneanotherintentionallyD．helptheirneighborswhennecessaryB[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段“ScientistshavefoundthatallkindsofplantsgiveoutVOCswhenbeingattacked.”可知，植物分泌出VOCs，是為了愛護(hù)自己，故B項正確。]4．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．Thewordischangingfasterthanever.B．Peoplehavestrongersensesthanbefore.C．Theworldismorecomplexthanitseems.D．PeopleinDarwin'stimewereimaginative.C[推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段“imaginedaworldfarbusier，noisierandmoreintimate(密切的)thantheworldwecanseeandhear”可知，這個世界比我們看到或者聽到的更喧鬧更密切，因此世界也比我們想象的更困難，故C項正確。]BBritishpeopleworksomeofthelongesthoursinEurope，butareamongtheleastproductive.Nowsomecompaniesareshorteningtheworkingweektoincreaseefficiency，healthandhappiness.RichLeighhasintroducedafour-dayweekathisPRcompany.Infact，hisentirecompanyhasFridayoff，becausehisfirmhasadoptedafour-dayweek.ItisoneofahandfulofUKbusinessesthatnowoperatelikethis:staffstillgetpaidtheirpreviousfive-daysalary，buttheyworkadayless.Thecompanyfoundthattheyachievedjustasmuch—andtherewereevensighsofgrowth.“Thekeytothescheme'ssuccess，”Leighsays，“ishowhappyouremployeesnoware.”TheaverageBritishworkertakesonlya34minutelunchbreakandworks10hoursovertimeeachweek(moreoftenthannotthisisunpaid)．YetUKproductivityfallsseriouslybehindtheirEuropeanneighbors，whotendtoworkfewerhours.Britishworkingpracticeshavecausedlossanddamagetothenation'shealthandhappiness.MorethanhalfamillionworkersintheUKweresignedoffwithwork-relatedstressoranxietylastyear.Moreover，theworklandscapeitselfischanging.AutomationandAIwillhaveasignificantimpactonthelabormarket，whereunsteadyworkbecomesmorecommon.BritainistheonlyEUmemberthatallowsworkerstoignoretheEUworkingtimelimitandworklongerhours.Forcampaigners，nowisthetimeforachange.O'Grady，anadvocate，arguesthatwherebusinesseshaveincreasedtheirprofitsasaresultofautomation，successshouldbesharedwithworkersintheformofreducedhours.“It'stimetosharethebenefitsfromnewtechnology，notallowingthoseatthetoptograbthemforthemselves.”shesays.【語篇解讀】文章主要介紹了一些英國公司的四天工作制度。5．Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.A．BritishpeoplearetheleastproductiveintheworldB．MostcompaniesinBritainhaveconductedafour-dayweekC．PRcompanyhaswitnessedariseinemployees'happinessD．BritishpeopleworklongerandgetmorepaymentthanothercountriesC[推理推斷題。答案定位在其次段“Thecompanyfoundthattheyachievedjustasmuch—andtherewereevensighsofgrowth.‘Thekeytothescheme'ssuccess，’Leighsays，‘ishowhappyouremployeesnoware.’”(該公司發(fā)覺他們也取得了同樣的成果——甚至還有增長的跡象?！霸摪才艅倮年P(guān)鍵，”Leigh說，“是我們的員工現(xiàn)在有多歡樂?！?由此推斷出PR公司見證了員工華蜜感的提升，故選C。]6．WhichistheproperdescriptionofBritishworkingpractices?A．TheworkingtimeofBritishworkersiswithintheEUlimit.B．Intermsofproductivity，BritainisbeatenbytheUnitedStates.C．Profitsgainedfromnewtechnologyareonthedecrease.D．AutomationandAIarelikelytocauseaninstableworkmarket.D[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。答案定位在第四段“AutomationandAIwillhaveasignificantimpactonthelabormarket，whereunsteadyworkbecomesmorecommon.”(自動化和人工智能將對勞動力市場產(chǎn)生重大影響，不穩(wěn)定的工作變得更加普遍。)由此可知，對英國工作實(shí)踐的恰當(dāng)描述是自動化和人工智能很可能導(dǎo)致不穩(wěn)定的工作市場，故選D。]7．WhichcanbeinferredfromO'Grady'swordsinthelastparagraph?A．It'stimeforemployerstosharetheincreasedprofitscreatedbyautomation.B．Workersshouldbenefitfromautomationintheformoflessworkinghours.C．Newtechnologyshouldbelongtobothbusinessesandworkers.D．Businessescan'tmakemoreprofitswithoutnewtechnology.B[推理推斷題。答案定位在最終一段“O'Grady，anadvocate，arguesthatwherebusinesseshaveincreasedtheirprofitsasaresultofautomation，successshouldbesharedwithworkersintheformofreducedhours.”(擁護(hù)者O'Grady認(rèn)為，在自動化提高了企業(yè)利潤的地方，勝利應(yīng)當(dāng)以削減工時的形式與工人共享。)由此推斷出O'Grady的話的意思是工人應(yīng)當(dāng)從削減工作時間的自動化中獲益，故選B。]8．Whatistheauthor'spurposeofwritingthepassage?A．TointroducesomeBritishfirms'switchtoafour-dayworkingweek.B．ToexplainthereasonswhyBritishworkerssufferstressandanxiety.C．Toappealformorereasonableworkingconditions.D．TopresentthecurrentproductivityprobleminBritain.A[寫作意圖題。其次段“RichLeighhasintroducedafour-dayweekathisPRcompany.”是全文的主題句，結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知這篇文章主要介紹了一些英國公司的四天工作制度，故選A。]Ⅲ.閱讀七選五Differentweathermakespeoplefeeldifferent.Itinfluences(影響)health，intelligence(智力)andfeelings.InAugust，itisveryhotandwetinthesouthernpartoftheUnitedStates.1.IntheNortheastandtheMiddleWest，itisveryhotatsometimesandverycoldatothertimes.PeopleinthesestateshavemorehearttroubleaftertheweatherchangesinFebruaryorMarch.Theweathercanalsoinfluenceintelligence.Forexample，ina1983reportbyscientists，IQ(智商)ofagroupstudentswasveryhighwhenaverystrongwindcame，butafterthestrongwind，theirIQwas10%lower.2.Veryhotweather，ontheotherhand(另一方面)，canmakeitlower.StudentsinmanyschoolsoftheUnitedStatesoftengetworseonexamsinthehotmonthsoftheyear(JulyandAugust)．Weatheralsohasastronginfluenceonpeople'sfeelings.Wintermaybeabadtimeforthinpeople.Theyusuallyfeelcoldduringthesemonths.Theymightfeelunhappyduringcoldweather.3.Theyevendon'tliketodooutdooractivities.Lowairpressure(氣壓)maymakepeopleforgetful.4.Thereisa“goodweather”forworkandhealth.Peoplefeelbestatatemperatureofabout18centigrade(攝氏度)．Areyoufeelingsad，tired，forgetful，orunhappytoday?5.A．Itmaybetheweather'sproblemB．WarmweathercanhaveabadeffectonhealthC．ThewindcanhelppeoplehavehigherintelligenceD．ButfatpeoplemayhaveahardtimeinhotweatherE．PeoplemayhavehigherintelligencewhenlowairpressurecomesF．PeopleleavemorebagsonbusesandinshopsonlowpressuredaysG．Peopletherehavehearttroubleandotherkin