定語從句理論

定語從句理論：1.先行詞：名詞或代詞1.Theboywhoissleepingismynephew.2.Thisisthebookwhichmyunclegivesme.2.關(guān)系詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞3.用法（一）EG:（1）Thisisanoldcomputer.Itworksmuchslower.Thisisanoldcomputerwhich/thatworksmuchslower.(2)Thoseshallbepunished.Thosebreaktherules.Thosewhobreaktherulesshallbepunished.（二）who/whom,whose,which,that作賓語或表語時(shí)可省略，作介詞賓語時(shí)，介詞不可提到that之前，若提前需要用which,whom等來代替。（三）關(guān)系副詞：when,where,why,howWhen(time,day,month,year)Where(place,city,Beijing)=inwhichWhy(reason)=forwhich4.Which用法(1)Which在定語從句中作定語時(shí)它所修飾的名詞是對先行詞的內(nèi)容起概括作用的名詞，如time,fact,reason,city,case等，有時(shí)若定語從句表示“從屬關(guān)系要用of”Eg:Hespentfouryearsincollege,duringwhichtimehelearnedFrench.他在大學(xué)帶了四年，在此期間他學(xué)了法語。Sheisstudyingeconomics,whichknowledgeisveryimportanttoday.她在學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)知識(shí)今天很重要。In1960hecametoLondon,inwhichcityhehaslivedeversince.1960年他來到倫敦，從此在該城一直住到現(xiàn)在。Thebookcontains50poems,mostofwhichwerewritteninthe1930’s.這本書里有50首詩，大部分寫于20世紀(jì)30年代。Hewenttoawineshop,theownerofwhichwillsoonbepublished.(2)which和不定式連用作定語的用法介詞+whichtodo放在名詞后作定語起到了定語從句的作用Eg:Hispencilwithwhichtodrawpictureswasbroken.他的用來繪畫的鉛筆折了。Hispencilwithwhichhedrewpictureswasbroken.(3)which可用作表語，既可指人又可指物Which指人時(shí)，一般指從事某種職業(yè)或有某種特征，品質(zhì)或才能的人，用which表示集體的整體，用who表示集體中的各個(gè)成員。Thebasketballteam,whichisplayingverywell,willcomeoutfirst.Thebasketballteam,whoisplayingverywell,willcomeoutfirst.5.whose用法Whose在定語從句中作定語，指物時(shí)可以與ofwhich互換，指人時(shí)可以與ofwhom互換，whose在定語從句中既可限定又可非限定Theriverwhosebanks(注意無定冠詞)arecoveredwithtreesflowstothesea.=theriverofwhichthebanksarecoveredwithtreesflowstothesea.6.who用法（1）先行詞指人的不定代詞：one,noone,all,anyone,nobody,anybody,none,those,he,they,onesThosewhohavegoodmannerswillberespected.那些有禮貌的人會(huì)受到人們的尊重（2）兩個(gè)定語從句中一個(gè)已用that時(shí)，另一個(gè)用whoTheboythatyoumetlastnightisthegroupleaderwhostudiesverymuch.你昨晚見到的那個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)很努力的男孩是組長（3）therebe句式中若有定語從句時(shí)宜用who7.whom引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾人，在限制性定語從句中賓語，可以省略，whom在非限制性定語從句中作賓語不能省略8.that用法（1）當(dāng)先行詞是all,much,little,few等不定代詞或被不定代詞修飾時(shí)（2）當(dāng)先行詞是be后面的表語或關(guān)系代詞本身在從句中作表語時(shí)Heisnotthemanthathewas.(3)當(dāng)主句以here,there開頭時(shí)Eg:Hereisthebookthatyouhavebeenlookingfor.Thereisaseatinthecornerthatisstillnottaken.(4)當(dāng)先行詞theonly,/very/last.Thesame等詞修飾時(shí)（5）當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞，形容詞最高級（6）當(dāng)主句是以who或which開頭的特殊疑問句Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate?Whichofusthatknowssomethingaboutphysicscannotjoinelectricwire?(7)當(dāng)先行詞既指人的詞又有指物的同時(shí)Shetookphotographsofthethingsandpeoplethatshewasinterestin.(8)先行詞前面有thesame作定語時(shí)，通常用關(guān)系代詞as，表示與先行詞為同一類的東西。若用關(guān)系代詞that則表示與先行詞為同一物品或同一事情。ThisisthesamebookasIreadlastweek.(同類)這和我上周讀的那本書是一樣的ThisisthesamebookthatIreadlastweek.（同一個(gè)）這就是我上周讀的那本書但如果先行詞表示抽象概念則沒有這種區(qū)別Shetoldmethesamestoryas/thatshehadtoldyou.(9)that作賓語或表語時(shí)，可省略。作主語不能省略Iwillneverforgettheday(that)Ispentinthecountry.Thetrainthathasjustleftisforshanghai.(10)that有時(shí)可以用作關(guān)系副詞That有時(shí)可以代替關(guān)系副詞when,where或why等引導(dǎo)定語從句表時(shí)間地點(diǎn)原因。That在從句中作狀語可以省略。Eg:sheknowstheplacethat/wherehestays.Doyourememberthedaythat/whenhearrived?Thespeedthat/atwhichheisdrivingis80milesanhour.That有時(shí)可以在定語從句中賓語補(bǔ)足語Sheisnolongertheattractive,pleasantgirl(that)wethoughther.她不再是我們過去所認(rèn)為的那個(gè)引人注目，快樂的小女孩了That不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，不能跟在介詞后作介詞賓語Eg:thisisthehouseinwhichmyfatheroncelived.(不用that)Thisisthehousethatmyfatheroncelivedin.(that作介詞in的賓語，但沒跟在介詞后，可以使用)9.but引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，在從