2024-2025學(xué)年新教材高中英語Unit3Theworldofscience泛讀技能初養(yǎng)成教案外研版必修第三冊

PAGE1-Unit3Theworldofscience閱讀Reading2的材料，選出最佳選項1．WhoprovedtheFranklin'sexperimentwasnottrue?A．Franklinhimself. B．Hisneighbors.C．Somescientists. D．Somestudents.2．Whichstoryhasalsobeenmentionedandquestioned?A．Franklin'slifestory.B．Franklin'sworkasascientist.C．Newton'stheoryofgravity.D．Lightningmadebyelectricity.3．Fromthefirsttwoparagraphs，whatdoweknowabouttheexperiment?A．OnlyFranklinwantedtoknowtherelationbetweenelectricityandlightning.B．Franklintaughtmanychildrenabouthisfindingsindifferentschools.C．PeoplehadalreadyknownthecauseoflightningbeforeFranklin'sexperiment.D．AsascientistFranklinwasadmiredforhisattitudetoscience.4．WhatpeopleareinspiredforinFranklin'sstory?A．Hisbraveryandapproach.B．Thekitewithakeytiedtothestring.C．Thestormyweatherwithlightning.D．Histouchingonthemetalkey.5．InwhichaspectFranklin'sexperimentwasNOTtrue?A．Hisstoryandthedetailsoftheexperiment.B．Hisbraveryandhisscientificapproach.C．Thekeytiedtothestringofthekite.D．Hisdeathfromtheelectricshock.6．WhatdoweknowabouttheNewton'sstory?A．Thescientistsdidn'tseetheapplefallingonNewton'shead.B．Scientistsliketoquestioneverythingaroundthem.C．NoonecanprovetheapplereallyhitNewtononthehead.D．ThefallingappleinspiredNewtontothinkdeeplyaboutwhy.[答案]1－6CCDAADWordsandPhraseseq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問要點1)instancen．例子，實例(教材P29)Forinstance，somerestaurantsinLondonhaveserved3D-printedhamburgerstocustomers.例如，在倫敦，一些餐館已經(jīng)向顧客供應(yīng)3D打印出來的漢堡了。[例1]Inmanyinstancespeoplewereleftwithoutanymoneyatall.在許多狀況下，人們會落到身無分文的地步。[例2]Whatwouldyoudo，forinstance，ifyoufoundamemberofstaffstealing?比如說，假如你發(fā)覺有職員偷東西，你會怎么辦？[造句]許多地方都有了改進(jìn)，比如鼠標(biāo)的兩個按鍵。Thereareanumberofimprovements；forinstance，themousebuttons.[學(xué)問拓展]forinstance 例如；譬如inthefirstinstance 首先；第一步atsb.'sinstance 經(jīng)某人懇求；在某人的敦促下[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空①Inmostinstances(instance)，therewillbenoneedforfurthertreatment.②Inthefirstinstanceyourchildwillbeseenbyanear，nose，andthroatspecialist.eq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問要點2)injurev．損害；使受傷；損害；損害(名譽(yù)、自尊等)(教材P29)Anditisnotjusthumanswhoarebenefiting—inBrazil,peoplehavegivenanew3D-printedshelltoaturtleinjuredinaforestfire!并且不僅僅是人類正在受益，在巴西，人們已經(jīng)給一只在森林大火中受傷的海龜換上了一個3D打印出來的龜殼。[例1]Toomuchsmokingwillinjurethevoice.吸煙太多會損害嗓音。[例2]Threepeoplewerekilledandfiveinjuredinthecrash.撞車事故中有三人死亡，五人受傷。[造句]這會嚴(yán)峻損害學(xué)校的聲譽(yù)。Thiscouldseriouslyinjuretheschool'sreputation.[學(xué)問拓展]injuryn． 損害；損傷；受傷處injuredadj. 受傷的theinjured 受傷的人[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空①Theinjury(injure)wasquitepainfulandIcouldn'tmovemyarmforamonth—Ihatedthat.②Thewomaninjured(injury)inthecarcrashisstillundertreatmentinhospital.[小片段填空]Aninjuredmanwastakentothehospital，wherethedoctorsfoundhesufferedsevereinjuriestotheheadandarmsandtheywonderedwhohadinjuredhim.一個受傷的人被送到了醫(yī)院，在那里醫(yī)生發(fā)覺他的頭部和胳膊都受到了嚴(yán)峻的損害，他們想知道是誰損害了他。eq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問要點3)(教材P30)AmountainontheMoonandaminorplanetarenamedafterhim.月球上的一座山和一個小星球都是以他的名字命名的。(1)minoradj.次要的；不重要的；小的[例1]Therearesomeveryminorchangesinwordsandpunctuation.在用詞與標(biāo)點方面有一些特別小的改變。[例2]Theremaybesomeminorchangestotheschedule.時間支配或許會有些小小的變動。[造句]在這個組織中，這位老師發(fā)揮著相對次要的作用。Theteacherplayedarelativelyminorroleintheorganization.[學(xué)問拓展]minorityn． 少數(shù)；少數(shù)民族intheminority 占少數(shù)[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空①Britishhouseholdswhodonothaveacarareonlyintheminority(minor)．②Writinganarticleabouttwoethnicminorities(minority)．[小片段填空]Thereare55minoritiesinourcountryandtherearesomeminordifferencesbetweenthem.Thatistosay，thedifferencesbetweenthemareintheminority．我們國家有55個少數(shù)民族，他們之間有一些較小的差異。也就是說他們之間的差異占少數(shù)。(2)benamedafter以……命名[例1]Billwasbornafterhisfatherdiedonemonthlaterandwasnamedafterhisfather.比爾在父親去世后一個月誕生，以其父親的名字命名。[例2]Hisnamewillremainunforgotten，forthegreatestbuildingwasnamedafterhim.他的名字不會被遺忘，因為那座雄偉的建筑是以他的名字命名的。[造句]這座橋是用那位獻(xiàn)出了生命的英雄的名字命名的。Thebridgewasnamedaftertheherowhogavehislife.[學(xué)問拓展]inthenameof 以……的名義；代表underthename(of) 用……的別名[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空①Therearemanyschoolsandhospitalsnamed(name)afteragreatmanShaoYifu.②Iwouldliketogiveyousomeadviceinthenameofafriend.eq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問要點4)apartfrom除……之外(教材P32)Apartfrombeingasuccessfulstatesman，hewasalsowellknownasaleadingAmericanauthor，printerandpublisher，successfuldiplomat，creativescientistandinventor.除了是個勝利的政治家以外，富蘭克林也因為下面的身份而知名：一流的美國作家，印刷和出版商，勝利的外交家，有創(chuàng)意的科學(xué)家和獨創(chuàng)家。[例1]Apartfromprovidingwarmth，whatwasfireusedfor?除了供應(yīng)暖和之外，火還是用來做什么的？[例2]Thisessayisgoodapartfromacoupleofspellingmistakes.除了有些拼法錯誤，這篇文章寫得不錯。[造句]除足球外你還喜愛哪些運(yùn)動？Whatothersportsdoyoulikeapartfromfootball?[學(xué)問拓展]apartfrom具有雙重含義，既可以相當(dāng)于except(for)/but，意為“除……以外，沒有……，”又可以相當(dāng)于besides/inadditionto，意為“除……以外，還有……”。inaddition/besides另外，此外tell...apart區(qū)分開……[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空①Apartfromcaring(care)forherchildren，shehastotakeonsomeheavytime-consuminghousework.②It'seasytotellmypillsapartbecausethey'realldifferentcolours.eq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問要點5)attachvt.系；貼；連接(教材P32)Ametalkeywasattachedtothestring.一個金屬鑰匙被拴在了繩子上。[例1]Heattachedastamptotheenvelope.他在信封上貼了張郵票。[例2]They'veattachedanumberofconditionstotheagreement.他們在協(xié)議上附加了一些條件。[造句]他把馬拴在了樹上小睡了一會兒。Heattachedhishorsetoatreeandtookanap.[學(xué)問拓展]attachmentn． 附件，依戀beattachedto 固定在……；依戀；附屬于attachimportanceto 重視[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空①Weshouldattachimportancetolearning(learn)basicskills.②Peoplewithdisabilitiescangoanywhereusinghigh-techcamerasattached(attach)totheirhead.[小片段填空]TheyoungboyisstudyingintheSeniorhighthatisattachedtoShandongUniversity.HeattachesgreatimportancetolearningbiologyandhopestobecomeascientistasTuYouyou.Everydayheattachessomesmallpiecesofpapertohisdeskwheretherearemanykeypointsfromthetextbook.這個男孩子在山東高校附屬中學(xué)讀書，他很重視生物的學(xué)習(xí)，想當(dāng)一名像屠呦呦那樣的科學(xué)家。每天他都把課本上的學(xué)問點寫在小紙片上，然后貼在書桌上。SentencePatternseq\a\vs4\al(重點句式1)make＋賓語十賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)(教材P32)Forexample，thetitle“Franklin'sExperiment：HowMuchIsTrue？”makesitclearwhatquestionisbeingansweredwithintheessay.例如題目“富蘭克林的試驗：真實性有多少？”表明白文章里面要回答的問題。句式分析：makeitclear是“make＋賓語十賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)的一種特別形式，其中it為形式賓語，真正的賓語為賓補(bǔ)后的that從句。[例1]Thepoliceofficermadeitclearthattheywerelettinghimgoonthegroundthathewastooold.警官明確表示，他們讓他走的理由是他年紀(jì)太大了。[例2]Ihavetomakeitclearthatwehaveonekeyproblem：thatistechnology.我想說清晰一點，我們的關(guān)鍵問題是技術(shù)問題。[造句]我想明確地說明我和這事沒關(guān)系。I'dliketomakeitclearthatIhadnothingtodowiththis.[學(xué)問拓展]“make＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語”是一個常用句式。make后的賓語是不定式或that從句或動名詞，賓語補(bǔ)足語是形容詞或名詞，假如賓語較長，且賓語后面有補(bǔ)語時，這時往往把形式賓語it放在賓語的位置上，把真正的賓語放在后面。與make用法相同的常用動詞還有：find，feel，think，consider等。該句型為：make/find/feel/think/consider＋it＋adj./n.＋that-clause/(forsb.)todosth.[翻譯]①Wethinkitnotrightthatachildshouldbeleftaloneinthehouse.(認(rèn)為是不對的)②Wefounditdifficulttoexplaintohimwhathappened.(覺得困難)[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空①Wemustmakeitadutytoprotectourcommonglobalenvironment.②Therainmadeitmoredifficultforustofinish(finish)theworkontime.eq\a\vs4\al(重點句式2)neither...nor...既不……也不……(教材P33)However，neitherthestorynorthedetailsoftheexperimentareentirelytrue.然而故事和試驗的細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)都不完全真實。句式分析：neither...nor...表示“既不……也不……”。其含義是否定的，可連接隨意兩個并列的成份。[例1]Neitherdadnormumisathometoday.今日父母都不在家。[例2]Shelikesneitherbutternorcheese.她既不喜愛黃油也不喜愛乳酪。[造句]他既不知道也不關(guān)切發(fā)生了什么。Heneitherknowsnorcareswhathappened.[學(xué)問拓展](1)當(dāng)neither...nor...連接兩個主語時，也應(yīng)遵循“就近原則”。(2)若將neither...nor...句型變?yōu)榇_定句，只需把neither...nor...改為both...and...即可，同時謂語動詞必需用復(fù)數(shù)形式。(3)還可以單獨運(yùn)用neither作主語，表示“兩者中沒有一個”。(4)neither或nor還有另外一種用法，就是當(dāng)表達(dá)一個人沒有做某事，另一個人也沒做同一類事時，可用neither或nor進(jìn)行簡略回答。其結(jié)構(gòu)為：Neither/Nor＋助動詞/情態(tài)動詞/be動詞＋主語。[翻譯]①Neitherofthemlikesfootball.(他倆任何一個都不)②Ihaven'tbeentomyfather'shometownandneitherhasmysister．(我姐姐也沒有)[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空①Ihadn'tbeentoNewYorkbeforeandneitherhadJane.②Hecannotseeandnorcouldhehearuntilonemonthago.推理推斷題(1)提分技巧：推理推斷題中也含有對細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)的理解，考查的內(nèi)容雖然也屬于原文細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)，但它要求考生在原文的基礎(chǔ)上對文章信息進(jìn)行分析、理解、推斷，立足于由已知推斷未知。首先要定位信息。通過速讀找到題目和文章中相對應(yīng)的信息點；其次是字面理解。理解相關(guān)信息點的字面意思；最終是深層理解。結(jié)合語境和常識，在理解字面意思的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行符合邏輯的推斷，從而理解作者的言外之意。細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)推斷題的答案不能在文章中干脆找到，但推理時我們務(wù)必要忠于原文，在文章中找尋并確定可推理的依據(jù)，進(jìn)行正向或逆向思索，推斷出隱含的深層含義，推斷時要做到推斷有據(jù)，推論有理。切忌主觀臆斷、過度推斷、錯誤推斷和以細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)代替推斷。[典例](2024·全國卷Ⅰ·閱讀理解C節(jié)選)Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears，butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers，small，tightlyknit(聯(lián)系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10，000yearsago，whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople，theyspokeperhaps12，000languagesbetweenthem28．Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?A．Theydevelopedveryfast.B．Theywerelargeinnumber.C．Theyhadsimilarpatterns.D．Theywerecloselyconnected.B[依據(jù)本段最終一句“Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10，000yearsago，whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople，theyspokeperhaps12，000languagesbetweenthem.”可推知，在狩獵時代，人口少，語言種類卻許多，故選B。][即學(xué)即練]請快速找出下面段落中的針對該題目的推理信息。Attheageof4，IbeganattendingthechoiratSt.JamesChurch.Mymotherdecidedthatjoiningthechoirwouldprovidemewithmusicalinstruction.IwasinitiallyjoinedbyalotofkidsatSt.James，makingchoirafun，socialtask，butasIgrewolder，onebyone，myfriendsbegandroppingout.St.JameswassituatedontheUpperEastSide，oneofthefanciestareasinNewYork，whileIcamefromtheBrooklynneighborhoodofBushwick.Somechildrenatthechoirproudlyshowedoffthesignsoftheirgoodeducationwhosecostwasnearlyasmuchasmymother'syearlywage，whileIworemyuniformofjeansandaT-shirt.TheyknewmeasthegirlfromBrooklyn，thechoristerwhowenttopublicschool.Thisdiscrepancy(差異)mademeveryuncomfortable.Ibeggedmymomtoletmefollowthepathofmyfriends，butshe