2024-2025學(xué)年高中英語Unit21HumanBiologyCommunicationWorkshop練習(xí)北師大版選修7

PAGEPAGE1CommunicationWorkshop課時(shí)過關(guān)·即時(shí)鞏固一、單詞拼法1.Undernocareyoutoleavethehouse.

答案:circumstances2.Theboysethemselveswithfoodandwater,andsetoff.

答案:equipped3.Thereisgrowingcabouttheeffectsofpollutiononhealth.

答案:concern4.AllthepapersmustbesbyMonday.

答案:submitted5.Thereisasharpdinthepopulationofthetown.

答案:decline二、選擇合適的單詞或短語并用其適當(dāng)形式填空pointoutbringbacktocurescientificbasisreverse—Ireadanarticleinthepaperaboutfreezingpeoplewhentheydieofadisease,andthen,yearslater,whenwe’vefounda1.forthedisease,wecouldwakethemupandcurethem.Willthatbepossible?

—No,I’mafraidnot.I’dliketo2.thatwhiletherearesomefirmsthatdothisandchargeafortunetokeepthebodiesfrozen,unfortunatelythere’sno3.behindit.Theimportantthingtorememberisthatwecanchangeprocesses,butwecan’t4.them.Thereisnowayinwhichwecould5.lifeallthecellsofadeadbody.Itwouldbeliketryingtochangeahamburgerbackintoacow.

答案:1.cure2.pointout3.scientificbasis4.reverse5.bringbackto三、完成句子1.他的健康(狀況)最近起先衰退。Hishealthhasrecently.

答案:beguntodecline2.我們的試驗(yàn)室裝備精良。Ourlaboratoryis.

答案:wellequipped3.在任何狀況下我們都不能同意這一原則。canweagreetosuchaprinciple.

答案:Undernocircumstances4.你投了他的贊成票還是反對(duì)票?Didyouhim?

答案:votefororagainst5.狀況很快復(fù)原了正常。Thingssoon.

答案:returnedtonormal6.他們聲稱憐憫窮人,我對(duì)此相當(dāng)懷疑。Iamrathertheirprofessedsympathyforthepoor.

答案:scepticalabout7.她關(guān)注社會(huì)福利問題。Shesocialwelfare.

答案:concernsherselfabout8.很多年輕人去國外找尋勝利的機(jī)會(huì)。Manyyoungpeoplewentabroadto.

答案:seektheirfortune四、閱讀理解AHereisanastonishingandsignificantfact:Mentalworkalonecan’tmakeustired.Itsoundsabsurd.Butafewyearsago,scientiststriedtofindouthowlongthehumanbraincouldlaborwithoutreachingastageoffatigue(疲憊).Totheamazementofthesescientists,theydiscoveredthatbloodpassingthroughthebrain,whenitisactive,showsnofatigueatall!Ifwetookadropofbloodfromadaylaborer,wewouldfinditfulloffatiguetoxins(毒素)andfatigueproducts.ButifwetookbloodfromthebrainofanAlbertEinstein,itwouldshownofatiguetoxinsattheendoftheday.Sofarasthebrainisconcerned,itcanworkaswellandswiftlyattheendofeightoreventwelvehoursofeffortasatthebeginning.Thebrainistotallytireless.Sowhatmakesustired?Somescientistsdeclarethatmostofourfatiguecomesfromourmentalandemotional(情感的)attitudes.OneofEngland’smostoutstandingscientists,J.A.Hadfield,says,“Thegreaterpartofthefatiguefromwhichwesufferisofmentalorigin.Infact,fatigueofpurelyphysicaloriginisrare.”DrBrill,afamousAmericanscientist,goesevenfurther.Hedeclares,“Onehundredpercentofthefatigueofasittingworkeringoodhealthisduetoemotionalproblems.”Whatkindsofemotionsmakesittingworkerstired?Joy?Satisfaction?No!Afeelingofbeingbored,anger,anxiety,tensenessandworry,orafeelingofnotbeingappreciated—thosearetheemotionsthattiresittingworkers.Hardworkbyitselfseldomcausesfatigue.Wegettiredbecauseouremotionsproducenervousnessinthebody.1.Whatsurprisedthescientistsafewyearsago?A.Fatiguetoxinscouldhardlybefoundinalaborer’sblood.B.AlbertEinsteindidn’tfeelwornoutafteraday’swork.C.Thebraincouldworkformanyhourswithoutfatigue.D.Amentalworker’sbloodwasfilledwithfatiguetoxins.解析:依據(jù)第一段中的“Totheamazementofthesescientists,they...nofatigueatall!”可知,令這些科學(xué)家們驚異的是,大腦活躍時(shí)流經(jīng)大腦的血液并沒有表現(xiàn)出疲憊,故C項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)與第一段中的“Ifwetookadropofblood...andfatigueproducts.”意思表達(dá)相反,故解除;第一段最終一句指出在一天結(jié)束的時(shí)候,腦力勞動(dòng)者的大腦血液中沒有疲憊因素,這不是科學(xué)家們的驚異之處,且與D項(xiàng)意思不一樣,故解除B、D兩項(xiàng)。答案:C2.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingcanmakesittingworkerstired?A.Challengingmentalwork.B.Unpleasantemotions.C.Endlesstasks.D.Physicallabor.解析:依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段的最終一句可知,使腦力勞動(dòng)者疲憊的主要緣由是情感問題,且最終一段也指出了是哪些情感。答案:B3.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsthescientists’ideas?A.Heagreeswiththem.B.Hedoubtsthem.C.Hearguesagainstthem.D.Hehesitatestoacceptthem.解析:本文主要介紹了科學(xué)家的探討成果,作者對(duì)此進(jìn)行了進(jìn)一步的分析、論證,對(duì)情感看法導(dǎo)致人疲憊的觀點(diǎn)持確定看法,并未對(duì)此進(jìn)行質(zhì)疑。答案:A4.Wecaninferfromthepassagethatinordertostayenergetic,sittingworkersneedto.

A.havesomegoodfood B.enjoytheirworkC.exerciseregularly D.discoverfatiguetoxins解析:依據(jù)最終兩段的敘述可知,心理和情感看法是導(dǎo)致腦力勞動(dòng)者疲憊的主要緣由,因而保持好的心理狀態(tài)才會(huì)感覺精力充足。B項(xiàng)意為“喜愛他們的工作”,符合文意,這就避開了導(dǎo)致疲憊的煩躁、生氣等情感。其余幾項(xiàng)都與導(dǎo)致疲憊的因素?zé)o關(guān),故解除。答案:BBSomeobesechildrenandadultswhoeatexcessively(過度地)maybemissingageneforabrainchemicalinvolvedincontrollingappetite,accordingtoastudy.Lowlevelsofthechemicalarealsolinkedtolong-termmemorylossanddifficultiesinsensingpain.ResearchersattheNationalInstitutesofHealthexamined33childrenandadultswitharareconditioninwhichgroupsofgeneshavebeendeleted.CalledWAGRsyndrome,thegeneticaberration(反?，F(xiàn)象)isfoundinabout250peopleintheUSA.Halfofthepeoplestudiedlackedoneoftwogenesforabrainchemicalcalledbrain-derivedneurotropicfactor(BDNF).Theonesmissingthegenehadlowbloodlevelsofthechemical.Byage10,allofthosemissingthegenewereobeseandreportedastrongtendencytoovereat.ThosewhohadtwoworkingcopiesoftheBDNFgenewerenomorelikelytobeobeseinchildhoodortoreportunusuallyhighlevelsofovereatingthanthegeneralpopulation.Scientistssuspectedthatpeoplewithinthegrouphadabnormalitieswiththegene,andtheybelievedalargersegment(部分)ofthepopulationhadthesameproblem.Themissinggenemayexplainwhysomepeoplecan’tseemtocontroltheireatingorloseweight,saysJackYanovski,headoftheUnitonGrowthandObesityatNIH’sEuniceKennedyShriverNationalInstituteofChildHealthandHumanDevelopment.“WesuspectthatBDNFhasimportantissuesinmanypartsofthebrain,includingmemoryandabilitytosensepain,”hesays.Yanovskisaysthebrainchemicalworksincombinationwithotherchemicalsinthebody,includingthehormoneleptin(瘦蛋白),toregulateappetiteandbodyweight.Moreresearchneedstobedonesoscientistscandevelopobesitydrugstotreatpeoplewhodon’tmakeenoughBDNF,hesays.“BDNFisjustasmallpartofthepuzzleexplainingwhysomefolkshavetroublemaintaininganormalweight.”5.BDNFisakindofchemicalwhichliesinthe.

A.blood B.hormoneC.brain D.diet解析:依據(jù)第三段中的“...lackedoneoftwogenes,forabrainchemicalcalledbrain-derivedneurotropicfactor(BDNF).”可知,這種化學(xué)物質(zhì)存在于大腦中。答案:C6.Accordingtothepassage,theroleoftheBDNFgeneisto.

A.improvepeople’sabilityofmemoryB.controlpeople’sdesiretoeatC.makepeoplebecomesensitivetopainD.helppeopleloseweightquickly解析:依據(jù)第一段第一句中的“Someobesechildrenandadultswhoea