Unit4DiscoveringUsefulStructures分層練習(xí)-高二英語（人教版2019選擇性）

Unit4DiscoveringUsefulStructures分層練習(xí)語言知識一、（2024·高二課時練習(xí)）詞性轉(zhuǎn)換1._________vt.忍耐；忍受→_________n.忍耐力；耐久力2._________vt.&vi.(使)具有資格；(使)合格→_________adj.符合資格；具備……的知識(或技能、學(xué)歷等)→_________n.(通過考試或?qū)W習(xí)課程取得的)資格；學(xué)歷3._________vt.分派；布置；分配→_________n.任務(wù)；分配4._________vt.舍棄；拋棄；放棄→_________adj.被遺棄的5._________n.自我；自身→_________adj.自私的→_________adj.無私的；忘我的6._________vt.舍棄；拋棄；放棄→_________adj.被遺棄的7._________vi.堅持；孜孜以求→_________n.毅力；韌性；不屈不撓的精神8._________vi.&vt.決定；決心；解決(問題或困難)n.決心；堅定的信念→_________n.決議；解決；堅定9._________adj．殘酷的；殘忍的；冷酷的→_________adv.殘酷地；殘忍地→_________n.殘忍；殘酷10._________n.運氣；財富→_________adj.幸運的；吉利的→_________adv.

幸運地→_________adv.不幸地；遺憾地11._________vt.帶領(lǐng)；引導(dǎo)n.導(dǎo)游→_________n.指導(dǎo)；引導(dǎo)；導(dǎo)航12._________vt.&vi.公布；宣傳；做廣告→_________n.廣告活動；廣告業(yè)→_________n.廣告；啟事13._________adj.洶涌的；粗糙的；粗略的→_________adv.粗糙地；粗略地14.________vt.犯(錯誤)；干(壞事)→________n.承諾；保證；奉獻15._________n.動機；原因；目的→_________vt.使有動機，促使，激發(fā)→_________n.動力，誘因16._________adj.熱情的；熱心的→_________n.熱情；熱心【答案】1.endure；endurance2.qualify；qualified；qualification3.assign；assignment4.abandon；abandoned5.self；selfish；selfless6.abandon；abandoned7.persevere；perseverance8.resolve；resolution9.cruel；cruelly；cruelty10.fortune；fortunate；fortunately；unfortunately11.guide；guidance12.advertise；advertising；advertisement13.rough；roughly14.mit；mitment15.motive；motivate；motivation16.enthusiastic；enthusiasm二、（2024·高二課時練習(xí)）單句語法填空1.Hesetupawelfare_____(organize)tenyearsago.Now,hehasmadeagreat_____(achieve)andheisalsoarespectablebusinessman.Weallfeel_____(inspire)byhisdeedsand_____(kind).2.Thewealthymanwentabroadwiththe_____(intend)oftryinghisfortune,whilethepoorman_____(intend)tolearnsomeskillsofearningmoney.3.Theolddoctortakesmanythingsinto_____(consider)beforemakingaprescription.His_____(observe)playsanimportantpart,throughwhichhewillmakea_____(connect).4.Togainanadvantageoverothersinan_____(argue),youshouldberespectfuland_____(consider).Youalsoshouldmindyour_____(behave),yourtoneandsoon.Togetenoughinformationaboutatopic,youshouldturnto_____(refer)books.5._____oncehitmethatIcouldlive_____quietlifeintheruralarea.Therefore,Ibegantoconsider_____(move)toasmallmountainvillage._____Isettleddown,Istartedlivinglikeanoldfairy.6.Youshouldcarry_____withyourhardwork.Onlyinthiswaycanyousucceed.Youshouldrememberthatitisyourowneffortthat_____(determine)yourfuture.7._____(tire)andhungry,wefinallycametoasmallvillageaboutanoldhunter,withwhosehelpwemet_____chance.Itiswithhishelp_____wefoundourwayoutoftheforest.8.Thescientisthasobservedthepeasants_____(grow)cropsinthetraditionalway.Hethinksthatitishisdutytoarguethem_____believingscientificfarming.【答案】1.Hesetupawelfareorganization(organize)tenyearsago.Now,hehasmadeagreatachievement(achieve)andheisalsoarespectablebusinessman.Weallfeelinspired(inspire)byhisdeedsandkindness(kind).2.Thewealthymanwentabroadwiththeintention(intend)oftryinghisfortune,whilethepoormanintended(intend)tolearnsomeskillsofearningmoney.3.Theolddoctortakesmanythingsintoconsideration(consider)beforemakingaprescription.Hisobservation(observe)playsanimportantpart,throughwhichhewillmakeaconnection(connect).4.Togainanadvantageoverothersinanargument(argue),youshouldberespectfulandconsiderate(consider).Youalsoshouldmindyourbehavior(behave),yourtoneandsoon.Togetenoughinformationaboutatopic,youshouldturntoreference(refer)books.5.ItoncehitmethatIcouldliveaquietlifeintheruralarea.Therefore,Ibegantoconsidermoving(move)toasmallmountainvillage.OnceIsettleddown,Istartedlivinglikeanoldfairy.6.Youshouldcarryonwithyourhardwork.Onlyinthiswaycanyousucceed.Youshouldrememberthatitisyourowneffortthatdetermines(determine)yourfuture.7.Tired(tire)andhungry,wefinallycametoasmallvillageaboutanoldhunter,withwhosehelpwemetbychance.Itiswithhishelpthatwefoundourwayoutoftheforest.8.Thescientisthasobservedthepeasantsgrow(grow)cropsinthetraditionalway.Hethinksthatitishisdutytoarguethemintobelievingscientificfarming.三、（2024·高二課時練習(xí)）完成句子1.好吧，一天早晨，我碰巧買了份報紙，看到了這則有關(guān)南極探險的招募廣告。(happen)Well,__________________________onemorningIboughtanewspaperandreadtheadvertisementabouttheAntarcticexpedition.2.這一航行對于我們所有人而言太危險、太艱難了，乘坐小船肯定無法讓每個人都到達。(too...to...)Thevoyagewas__________________________inoursmallboats.3.只要你堅持下去，最終就會成功。(aslongas)Itwilleventuallyleadtosuccess__________________________.4.當(dāng)我們最終獲救時，我們感到非常輕松，欣喜萬分，以至于我們中有許多人無法掩飾自己的眼淚。(such...that...)Whenwewerefinallyrescued,we__________________________manyofuscouldnothideourtears.5.我不僅熱情而且容易相處，這使得我適合報紙上所刊登的志愿者工作。(qualified)Iamnotonlyenthusiasticbutalsoeasytogetalongwith,__________________________advertisedinthenewspaper.6.這對年輕夫婦一上船，他們就吃東西，說話，大笑著，好像他們是這世界上僅存的人。(aboard)Theinstant__________________________,theywereeating,talkingandlaughingloudlyasiftheyweretheonlypeopleintheworld.7.我們應(yīng)該摒棄那些對我們健康有害的壞習(xí)慣，如吸煙、喝酒等。(abandon)Weshould__________________________,suchassmokinganddrinking.8.正是太陽發(fā)出光和熱，地球上的生命才得以維持。(giveoff)Itisbecause__________________________thattheearthcansustainlife.【答案】1.Well,itsohappenedthatonemorningIboughtanewspaperandreadtheadvertisementabouttheAntarcticexpedition.2.Thevoyagewastoodangerousanddifficultforallofustomakeitinoursmallboats.3.Itwilleventuallyleadtosuccessaslongasyoupersevere.4.Whenwewerefinallyrescued,wefeltsuchreliefandjoythatmanyofuscouldnothideourtears.5.Iamnotonlyenthusiasticbutalsoeasytogetalongwith,whichmakesmequalifiedforthevoluntaryworkadvertisedinthenewspaper.6.Theinstanttheyoungcouplewentaboardtheship,theywereeating,talkingandlaughingloudlyasiftheyweretheonlypeopleintheworld.7.Weshouldabandonthosebadhabitsthatareharmfultoourhealth,suchassmokinganddrinking.8.Itisbecausethesungivesofflightandheatthattheearthcansustainlife.知識應(yīng)用四、（廣西壯族自治區(qū)柳州市柳城縣柳城縣中學(xué)20242025學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期11月期中）閱讀理解Anewstudyhasfoundthatridesharingservicesresultinmuchmorepollutionthanotherkindsofprivateandpublictransportation.Ridesharingtripsalsodrawpassengersawayfrommoreenvironmentfriendlymethodsoftravel,likepublictransportation,walkingorbiking,thestudyfound.SeveralstudiesinrecentyearshavesuggestedthatridesharingserviceslikeUberandLyftcanworsentrafficproblemsincities.Thenewstudyrepresentsanattempttocenteronhowridesharingservicesaffectpollution.Overall,theresearchersreportedthatridesharingtripsnow"resultina69percentmoreclimatepollutiononaveragethanthetripstheyreplace."Thestudynotesthatthesamepassengerscouldhavechosentotravelbybus,train,bikeoronfoot.Oneofthebigreasonstheygiveforthisresultisthatridesharingvehiclesareoftendrivenwithnopassengersinthecar.Thishappenswhendriversareeitherwaitingforriderrequests,areonthewaytopickuppassengers.Thissituation,knownas"deadheading,"takesupabout42percentofallridesharingdrivingactivity,thestudyfound.Theresearcherssaidthatdeadheadingresultsinabout50percentmorecarbondioxidethanonepersondrivinginaprivatevehicle.BothUberandLyfthavesaidinthepastthatmoststudiesonthesubjectoverstate(夸大）theeffectsoftheirservicesonpollution.UbertoldReutersnewsagencyinastatementithadnomentonthelatestreportandthatthestudymademisleadingclaimsaboutridesharing.Meanwhile,thepanysaiditwouldworkdirectlywithcitiestoaddressclimatechanges,promotingsharingtripsandothermeansoftransportation.8.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Ridesharingbeesanewtrendthatcan’tbeavoided.B.Ridesharingindustryismetwithcriticism.C.Ridesharingservicesincreasepollution.D.Ridesharingservicesneedimprovement.9.Theterm“deadheading”inthepassagerefersto________.A.adrivingprocesswherethedriverisnotcarryingpassengersB.apotentialriskthatthedrivermaylosecontrolofthevehicleC.aperiodofdrivinghourswhenvehiclesproducemorecarbondioxideD.asituationinwhichadriverhastoomanypassengerstopickup10.IntheeyesofUber,thelatestreportisactually________.A.barkingupthewrongtree B.notseekingthetruthfromfactsC.killingtwobirdswithonestone D.beatingaroundthebush11.Fromthestudyofridesharingservices,wecaninferthat________.A.Ridesharingattractsexactlythesamenumberofpeopleastraditionalmeansoftransport.B.thestudywasconductedtoprovetheinfluenceofridesharingservicesonmoderncitiesC.ridesharingserviceisnotanenvironmentallyfriendlywaytotravelD.thenewreporthasforcedUbertomakebigchangestoachieveitsgoal【答案】8.C9.A10.B11.C【分析】這是一篇議論文。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，共享汽車的使用反而增加了污染?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Anewstudyhasfoundthatridesharingservicesresultinmuchmorepollutionthanotherkindsofprivateandpublictransportation”。一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，共享汽車服務(wù)比其它類型的私人或公共交通造成的污染要大得多。第一段點明了文章的主旨，即共享汽車造成的污染更大，故選C項?！?題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Oneofthebigreasonstheygiveforthisresultisthatridesharingvehiclesareoftendrivenwithnopassengersinthecar.Thishappenswhendriversareeitherwaitingforriderrequests,areonthewaytopickuppassengers.Thissituation,knownas"deadheading,"”他們給出的導(dǎo)致這一結(jié)果的最大原因之一是共享汽車經(jīng)常會空駛。這種情況要么發(fā)生在司機等單時，要么發(fā)生在前去接乘客時。這種情況被稱為“空駛”。所以deadheading指的是司機沒有載乘客情況下的駕駛。故選A項。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“BothUberandLyfthavesaidinthepastthatmoststudiesonthesubjectoverstatetheeffectsoftheirservicesonpollution.”Uber和Lyft公司過去都曾說過，關(guān)于這一主題的大多數(shù)研究都夸大了其服務(wù)對環(huán)境污染的影響。所以Uber公司認為這個研究不實事求是。故選B項。11題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Overall,theresearchersreportedthatridesharingtripsnow"resultina69percentmoreclimatepollutiononaveragethanthetripstheyreplace.”研究人員報告稱，總體而言，目前共享汽車出行比它們所替代的出行服務(wù)平均多產(chǎn)生了69%的污染?？芍?，共享汽車并不是環(huán)保的出行方式。故選C項。五、（遼寧省聯(lián)合體20242025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期11月期中）語法填空ChinesehitvideogameBlackMyth:Wukonghastakenthegamingworldbystorm,56（sell）morethan10millioncopiesacrossallplatformsinjustthreedaysafteritsofficialreleaseonAug.20.57（adapt）fromtheclassicChinesenovelJourneytotheWest,“BlackMyth:Wukong”,receivedcriticalpraiseforitshighquality,settinganewrecordforChinesegames58majorplatformsandcurrentlyrankingsecondinthehistoricalpeaknumberofonlineplayersforallgamesonSteam.Asanactionroleplayinggame,playersofBlackMyth:Wukongassumetheroleofa“personofdestiny”,embarkingonadangerousandwonderfuljourney59（discover）thetruthbehindancientlegends.Featuring60richandimmersivebatsystem,thegameallowsplayerstomastervariousstaff61（technique）andbinethemwithawideseriesofspells,transformations,talents,andweaponstofindafightingstylethat62（suit）thembest.Althoughthegame’smassivepopularityinChinacanpartlybeduetonational63（familiar）withJourneytotheWest,thefactthatithascaptivatedinternationalaudiences,manyof64lackthisculturalbackground,suggeststhatBlackMythWuKongisontherightpath.Someenthusiasts65（collect）over200pagesofbackgroundmaterialinthepastfewdaystohelpinternationalplayersunderstandthestory’sdeepculturalroots.【答案】本文為一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了中國現(xiàn)在最熱門的游戲《黑色神話：悟空》。56.selling考查非謂語動詞。句意：國產(chǎn)熱門游戲《黑神話：悟空》在正式發(fā)布后的三天內(nèi)，在8月20日銷售超過了一千萬份，震驚了整個游戲界。主語ChinesehitvideogameBlackMyth:Wukong和動詞sell之間存在主動關(guān)系，故填selling.57.Adapted考查非謂語動詞。句意：“改編自中國經(jīng)典小說《西游記》的《黑色神話：悟空》，這款備受期待的游戲，因其高質(zhì)量而受到好評，在各大平臺上創(chuàng)下了中國游戲的新紀錄，目前排名第二，在Steam上的玩家達到歷史高峰?！眲釉~adapt與主語thislonganticipatedgame存在被動關(guān)系且位于句首，故填A(yù)dapted。58.on考查介詞。句意：…創(chuàng)下中國游戲在這個主要平臺上的新紀錄，目前在Steam上所有游戲的歷史在線玩家峰值排名第二。與platform搭配，在…平臺上，故填on.59.todiscover考查非謂語動詞。句意：作為一款動作角色扮演游戲，黑色神話：悟空的玩家扮演了一個“命運之人”的角色，踏上了一段危險而奇妙的旅程去揭示古代傳說背后真相。根據(jù)句意此處為非謂語動詞且表目的，故填todiscover.60.a考查冠詞?！耙砸环N豐富而身臨其境的戰(zhàn)斗系統(tǒng)為特點…”system為可數(shù)名詞且表示泛指，rich為輔音音素開頭，故填a。61.techniques考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：“…游戲允許玩家掌握各種技能…”technique表示技能為可數(shù)名詞，故填techniques。62.suits考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：“…并將它們與一系列廣泛的法術(shù)、變形、才能和武器結(jié)合起來，找到最適合他們的戰(zhàn)斗風(fēng)格”。that引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞為style在定語從句中做主語為單數(shù)，且根據(jù)前文應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時。故填suits.63.familiarity考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：“盡管這款游戲在中國大規(guī)模的受歡迎部分原因是因為大家對《西游記》的熟悉，但這款游戲同時也吸引了國際觀眾（且他們多數(shù)人缺乏這種文化背景）這一事實表明，《黑神話：悟空》是走在了正確的道路上”設(shè)空出位于形容詞national后應(yīng)用名詞形式，故填familiarity.64.whom考查連詞。句意：“事實上，它吸引了國際觀眾，其中許多人缺乏這種文化背景，這表明《黑神話：悟空》正走在正確的道路上。”設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞為audiences且前面有介詞，故填whom.65.havecollected考查謂語動詞。句意“一些愛好者在最近幾天里收集了超過200頁的背景材料，以幫助國際玩家理解故事深厚的文化根源?！痹O(shè)空處是謂語動詞且根據(jù)時間狀語inthepastfewdays，主語為復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填havecollected.六、（河北省邯鄲市三龍育華中學(xué)20242025學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期第一次月考）讀后續(xù)寫Pembralwasagoodboy.Buthewasalwaysforgettingthings.Bigthings,smallthings,importantthings,littlethings.Hismotherwasapatientwoman,whichwasagoodthing.Pembralregularlytestedherpatience.Shelearnedearlyontoremindhimofeverything:bigthings,smallthings,importantthings,eventhelittlethings.Onceinawhilethelittlethingsthatdidn’tseemimportantatthetimebecamemoreimportantlater.SometimesshethoughtthatPembralforgotthingsonpurpose—thingslikewashingbehindhisears;orpickinguphistoys;orfeedingthedog.Itbothered(麻煩)hertoremindhimofthesesortsofthings.However,forthemostpart,sheknewthathismindjustwanderedoffanditwasherjobtobringitback.Fallweatherhadarrived.Theairwascoolandfresh,especiallyinthemorning,eveniftheskieswerebrilliantblueandthesunwasshiningbrightly.Thelightofthemorningmadewisps(縷)offogeupfromtheponds.Thetreeswerechangingtheirsummergreenstocoatsofbrilliantyellow,orangeandred.ThiswasatimewhenPembral’smothercookedthingsthatsmelledandtastedreallygood.Itseemedlikehewasjusthungrierinthefallorsomething,andhelikedhowthewindowssteamedupandhowthekitchensmellsfilledupthewholehousewhenhismotherwascookingupsomethinggoodatthattimeoftheyear.Pembral’smotherwasbaking(烤)somethingspecialthatday:acarrotcake.ItwasoneofPembral’sfavorites.Butsheneededsomethingsfromthestore,andsentPembraltogetthem.“Ineedeggs,sugarandraisins(葡萄干),”shesaid.“Here’ssomemoney,”shewenton.“Putitinyourpocketwhereyouwon’tloseit.”Pembralpushedthemoneyintohispocket,andheadedtowardthedoor.Hewentoutsideanddownthestreet,kickingdryleavesonthesidewalkintotheairandbreathingintheirsmell,andwatchingflyingbirds.注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2.請按如下格式在相應(yīng)位置作答。Whenhegottothestore,hepickedupabasketandwentaboutshopping.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Hewasreachingintohispocketforthechangewhenhismothersaid,“Wherearetheeggs?”__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Whenhegottothesto