山東省威海市2022-2023學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期期末考試英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

2/2高一英語(yǔ)本試卷共10頁(yè)。滿分150分?？荚囉脮r(shí)120分鐘。注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，務(wù)必用0.5毫米黑色簽字筆將自己的姓名、座號(hào)、考生號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡上。2.選擇題，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑;如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。筆答題，用0.5毫米黑色簽字筆將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上。不能答在本試卷上，否則無(wú)效。第一題聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?A.Writealetter.B.Drivetoheroffice.C.Gotothepostoffice.2.Whatwillthemandotonight?A.Gototheconcert.B.Workovertime.C.WatchTV.3.Howmanylanguagescanthemanspeak?A.One.B.Two.C.Three.4.Whyisthemansoexcited?A.Becauseheisgoinghome.B.Becausehe’lltaketheearliestflight.C.Becausehe’llpickuphisparentsattheairport.5.Whatsportdoesthemanmostenjoywatching?A.Hockey.B.Football.C.Basketball.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話，回答第6和第7題。6.WhatisMrs.Smithgoingtodosoon?A.Lookforanewjob.B.GobacktoEngland.C.Teachanothersubject.7.Whatwillthespeakersdonext?A.Collectmoney.B.Buysomeflowers.C.Discusswithothers.聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話，回答第8和第9題。8.Whatistheweatherlikeintheman’shometown?A.Itsnowsalotinthewinter.B.Itisreallyhotinthesummer.C.Itstaysthesamethewholeyearround.9.Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman’scity?A.Theclimateispleasant.B.Abiglakeliesoutsideit.C.Citizensenjoywinterswimming.聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話，回答第10至第12題。10.FromwhichcitydidthemanflytoLondon?A.NewYork.B.Paris.C.Beijing.11.WhydidthemanstayinLondonforonlyonenight?A.Hisschedulewastight.B.Hehadvisiteditseveraltimes.C.Hewantedtospendmoretimebythewater.12.Whatwasthebestpartoftheman’strip?A.Thefood.B.Thebeach.C.Thelowcost.聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話，回答第13至第16題。13.Whoistheman?A.Ashopassistant.B.Arepairman.C.Amanager.14.Whendidthewomanrealizethatthecamerawasbroken?A.Twodaysago.B.Lastnight.C.Thismorning.15.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?A.Gethermoneyback.B.Havehercamerafixed.C.Exchangeforanewcamera.16.Howmightthewomanfeelattheendoftheconversation?A.Happy.B.Disappointed.C.Annoyed.聽(tīng)下面一段獨(dú)白，回答第17至第20題。17Whenistheschoolopenday?A.OnOctober24th.B.OnOctober25th.C.OnOctober26th.18.Whowillshowafilm?A.Mr.Brown.B.MissHopkins.C.David.19.WhatwillDoctorPotterdointheevening?A.Runaworkshopaboutrecycling.B.Doanexperimentaboutairpollution.C.Giveaspeechonenvironmentalprotection.20.What’sthepurposeofthetext?A.Tosellbooks.B.Tointroduceschoolactivities.C.Todiscussenvironmentalissues.第二題閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2分，滿分30分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ARaisingawarenessofaseriousissuebeginswithitsbeingvisibletostudents.Amazonhassomefantasticthingsforclassroomwallsthatyoucangetatareasonableprice.Hitting,kicking,slapping,spitting,pushing,blockingStealingordestroyingsomeone’spossessionsMakingrudehandgestures(手勢(shì))Touchinginunwanted&improperwaysNamecallingInsults(辱罵)TeasingImpropersexualcommentsThreateningtocauseharmLying&spreadingrumors(謠言)TellingothersnottobefriendswithsomeoneEmbarrassingsomeoneinpublicDamagingsomeone’ssocialrelationshipsPosting/sendinghurtfultexts,emailsorposts,imagesorvideosMakingonlinethreatsImitatingothersonlineorusingtheirlog-inSpreadingunkindrumorsonline1.Whatistheposterabout?A.Thetypesofbullying. B.Thewaysofanti-bullying.C.Thecausesofbullying. D.Theeffectsofanti-bullying.2.Whichofthefollowingdoessendinghurtfulemailsbelongto?A.Physicalbullying. B.Verbalbullying.C.Socialbullying. D.Cyberbullying.3.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Tosellposters. B.Toreportabullyingsurvey.C.Tofightagainstbullying. D.Torevealariseinbullying.【答案】1.A2.D3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是應(yīng)用文。本文是亞馬遜推銷(xiāo)有關(guān)網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺凌的用于教室墻上張貼的海報(bào)的廣告?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“Amazonhassomefantasticthingsforclassroomwallsthatyoucangetatareasonableprice.(亞馬遜有一些很好的你可以以合理的價(jià)格買(mǎi)到的用于教室墻上的東西。)”以及圖標(biāo)中提到的PhysicalBully，VerbalBullying，SocialBullying，CyberBullying可知，海報(bào)是關(guān)于欺凌類(lèi)型的。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四欄“Posting/sendinghurtfultexts,emailsorposts,imagesorvideos(發(fā)布/發(fā)送的短信、郵件或帖子，圖片或視頻)”可知，發(fā)布有害的電子郵件屬于網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺凌。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“Amazonhassomefantasticthingsforclassroomwallsthatyoucangetatareasonableprice.(亞馬遜有一些很好的你可以以合理的價(jià)格買(mǎi)到的用于教室墻上的東西。)”可知，文章的目的是銷(xiāo)售海報(bào)。故選A。BOverthesummerof2022,staffattheSanDiegoZoowelcomed41babyturtles(海龜)fromtheIndiannarrow-headedsoftshellturtlespecies,whichisnativetoSouthAsia.ItmakestheZoothefirstofficiallyrecognizedorganizationinNorthAmericatohatch(孵化)andraisethespecies.[2]ThreeIndiannarrow-headedsoftshellturtleshavebeenattheZooforover20years.Allthattime,zoostaffhadbeenhopingtheywouldonedayreproduce.“Thisisathrillingmomentforus,andanincrediblestepforwardintheprotectionofthisspecies,”saidKimGray,directoroftheZoo.Theeggswerefoundintwoseparatenests(窩).Someoftheturtleshatchedintheirhabitat,whilemostoftheeggswerestoredinanartificialboxtocreatethebestconditionsforsurvival.Turtleexpertsatthezoosayeggsinthehabitatareoftendifficulttofind,astheturtlesliketolaytheireggsovernightandcoverthemwithdirt.ThespeciesislistedasendangeredontheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature’sRedList,thoughit’sunclearhowmanyremaininthewild.Environmentalpollution,habitatdestruction,theinternationalpettradeandhumanfoodharvestinghaveallledtothespecies’reductionovertheyears.“Wehavebeencaringfortheseturtlesforaverylongtime,andpartofthatcareistogainagreaterunderstandingofthespecies’naturalhistory,”KimGrayadded.“WiththeknowledgewegainhereattheZoo,wecanbetterassistourpartnersinIndiatohelpthisessentialspeciesdevelopandgrowintheirnativehabitat.”4.WhydidKimGrayfeelexcitedatthisreproduction?A.TheZoogotofficiallyrecognized.B.Anendangeredturtlespecieswassaved.C.Itwasabreakthroughinturtleprotection.D.Agreatmanyturtleswerehatchedatonce.5.Whatmadetheturtleeggsinthehabitathardtofind?A.Theirdarkcolor. B.Thelowlightatnight.C.Theartificialbox. D.Theirbeingsand-covered.6.WhatdoesParagraph4focusonabouttheturtles?A.Factorsendangeringthem. B.Humanactivitiestosavethem.C.Theirexistingnumberinthewild. D.Thetimewhenlistedasendangered.7.Whomightbeinterestedinthetext?A.Petlovers. B.Zoovisitors. C.Zoologists. D.Environmentalists.【答案】4.C5.D6.A7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要報(bào)道了圣地亞哥動(dòng)物園的工作人員迎來(lái)了41只小海龜，它們來(lái)自印度窄頭軟殼龜物種，原產(chǎn)于南亞。這使得動(dòng)物園成為北美第一個(gè)官方認(rèn)可的孵化和飼養(yǎng)該物種的組織?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段““Thisisathrillingmomentforus,andanincrediblestepforwardintheprotectionofthisspecies,”saidKimGray,directoroftheZoo.(動(dòng)物園園長(zhǎng)KimGray說(shuō)：“對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)是激動(dòng)人心的時(shí)刻，也是保護(hù)這一物種向前邁出的不可思議的一步?！?”可知，這一成功標(biāo)志著在海龜保護(hù)方面取得了突破。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Turtleexpertsatthezoosayeggsinthehabitatareoftendifficulttofind,astheturtlesliketolaytheireggsovernightandcoverthemwithdirt.(動(dòng)物園的海龜專(zhuān)家說(shuō)，海龜?shù)巴ǔ：茈y在棲息地找到，因?yàn)楹｝斚矚g在夜間產(chǎn)卵，并在上面蓋上泥土。)”可知，海龜?shù)半y找的原因是因?yàn)楹｝敃?huì)在蛋上面蓋上泥土。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“ThespeciesislistedasendangeredontheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature’sRedList,thoughit’sunclearhowmanyremaininthewild.Environmentalpollution,habitatdestruction,theinternationalpettradeandhumanfoodharvestinghaveallledtothespecies’reductionovertheyears.(該物種被國(guó)際自然保護(hù)聯(lián)盟列為瀕危物種，但目前尚不清楚野外還有多少。多年來(lái)，環(huán)境污染、棲息地破壞、國(guó)際寵物貿(mào)易和人類(lèi)食物捕撈都導(dǎo)致了該物種的減少。)”可知，第四段主要講述的是海龜瀕危的原因。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章主要內(nèi)容以及最后一段““Wehavebeencaringfortheseturtlesforaverylongtime,andpartofthatcareistogainagreaterunderstandingofthespecies’naturalhistory,”KimGrayadded.“WiththeknowledgewegainhereattheZoo,wecanbetterassistourpartnersinIndiatohelpthisessentialspeciesdevelopandgrowintheirnativehabitat.”(KimGray補(bǔ)充說(shuō)：“我們照顧這些海龜已經(jīng)很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了，這種照顧的一部分是為了更好地了解這個(gè)物種的自然史。憑借我們?cè)趧?dòng)物園獲得的知識(shí)，我們可以更好地幫助我們?cè)谟《鹊暮献骰锇?，幫助這種重要物種在它們的原生棲息地發(fā)展和生長(zhǎng)?！?”可知，這些小海龜?shù)某錾饬x非凡，可以幫助保護(hù)瀕危物種。所以對(duì)這篇文章最感興趣的人應(yīng)該是動(dòng)物學(xué)家。故選C。CMindfuleatingismaintaininganin-the-momentawarenessofthefoodanddrinkyouputintoyourbody.Formanyofus,ourbusydailylivesoftenmakemealtimesrushedthings.Wefindourselveseatinginthecargoingtowork,atthedeskinfrontofacomputerscreen,orparkedonthecouchwatchingTV.Weeatmindlessly,takingfooddownregardlessofwhetherwe’restillhungryornot.Infact,weofteneatforotherreasonsinsteadofhunger—tosatisfyemotionalneeds,tofreefromstress,ordealwithunpleasantemotionssuchassadness,anxiety,loneliness,orboredom.Mindfuleatingistheoppositeofthiskindofunhealthy“mindless”eating.Mindfuleatingisn’taboutbeingperfect,alwayseatingtherightthings,orneverallowingyourselftoeaton-the-goagain.Andit’snotaboutestablishingstrictrulesforwhichfoodsyouhavetoincludeoravoidinyourdiet.Rather,it’saboutfocusingallyoursensesandbeingpresentasyoushopfor,cook,serve,andeatyourfood.Whilemindfulnessisn’tforeveryone,manypeoplefinditworthtrying.Bypayingcloseattentiontohowyoufeelasyoueat,youcanlearntoenjoybothyourfoodandtheexperienceofeating.Itcankeepyoufullwithlessfood,andinfluencewiserchoicesaboutwhatyoueatinthefuture.Itcanalsohelpyoufreeyourselffromunhealthyhabits.Topracticemindfulnessyouneedtoparticipateinanactivitywithtotalawareness.Inthecaseofmindfuleating,it’simportanttoeatwithallyourattentionratherthanonmultitasking(reading,watchingTV,daydreaming,etc).Whenyourattentionmovesaway,gentlybringitbacktoyourfoodandtheexperienceofcooking,serving,andeating.8.Whichbelongstomindfuleating?A.Eatingwhiledriving. B.Eatingasquicklyaspossible.C.Eatingtofillemotionalneeds. D.Eatingonlytosatisfyphysicalhunger.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“on-the-go”meaninParagraph2?A.Rudely. B.Crazily. C.Irregularly. D.Hurriedly.10.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsmindfuleating?A.It’satrendinweightloss. B.It’sworthwhiletohaveago.C.It’sauniversalruleofdiet. D.It’shelpfultokeepenergetic.11.Whatmightbetalkedaboutinthefollowingparagraph?A.Thebenefitsofmindfuleating. B.Thepracticeofmindfuleating.C.Thereasonsformindfuleating. D.Thespreadofmindfuleating.【答案】8.D9.D10.B11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了正念飲食，介紹了正念飲食的概念以及如何練習(xí)正念飲食。【8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Infact,weofteneatforotherreasonsinsteadofhunger—tosatisfyemotionalneeds,tofreefromstress,ordealwithunpleasantemotionssuchassadness,anxiety,loneliness,orboredom.Mindfuleatingistheoppositeofthiskindofunhealthy“mindless”eating.(事實(shí)上，我們經(jīng)常因?yàn)槠渌蚨皇丘囸I而吃東西——滿足情感需求，擺脫壓力，或處理不愉快的情緒，如悲傷、焦慮、孤獨(dú)或無(wú)聊。正念飲食是這種不健康的“無(wú)意識(shí)”飲食的對(duì)立面。)”可知，作者認(rèn)為我們經(jīng)常因?yàn)槠渌蚨皇丘囸I而吃東西，而正念飲食恰恰相反，也就是說(shuō)正念飲食指的是我們因?yàn)轲囸I而吃東西。故選D。【9題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線單詞上一句“Mindfuleatingisn’taboutbeingperfect,alwayseatingtherightthings,(正念飲食并不是說(shuō)要做到完美，)”可知，這里講述的應(yīng)該是人們對(duì)于正念飲食的誤解，劃線單詞前是“alwayseatingtherightthings(總是吃正確的東西)”，這是人們普遍認(rèn)為的良好的飲食習(xí)慣，由此判斷，劃線單詞和上文的never構(gòu)成人們普遍認(rèn)可的良好飲食習(xí)慣。選項(xiàng)A“Rudely(粗魯)”；選項(xiàng)B“Crazily(瘋狂)”；選項(xiàng)C“Irregularly(沒(méi)有規(guī)律地)”；選項(xiàng)D“Hurriedly.(匆忙地)”。表示飲食習(xí)慣的為hurriedly，同時(shí)也和下文“Rather,it’saboutfocusingallyoursensesandbeingpresentasyoushopfor,cook,serve,andeatyourfood.(相反，它是關(guān)于集中你所有的感官，在你購(gòu)物、做飯、端菜和吃食物的時(shí)候活在當(dāng)下。)”中的專(zhuān)注保持一致。故選D?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Whilemindfulnessisn’tforeveryone,manypeoplefinditworthtrying.Bypayingcloseattentiontohowyoufeelasyoueat,youcanlearntoenjoybothyourfoodandtheexperienceofeating.Itcankeepyoufullwithlessfood,andinfluencewiserchoicesaboutwhatyoueatinthefuture.Itcanalsohelpyoufreeyourselffromunhealthyhabits.(雖然正念并不適合所有人，但許多人認(rèn)為它值得一試。通過(guò)密切關(guān)注你吃東西時(shí)的感覺(jué)，你可以學(xué)會(huì)享受你的食物和吃的體驗(yàn)。它可以讓你在少吃的情況下保持飽腹感，并影響你未來(lái)對(duì)飲食的明智選擇。它還可以幫助你擺脫不健康的習(xí)慣。)”可知，作者認(rèn)為正念飲食有很多優(yōu)點(diǎn)，所以是值得一試的。故選B?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段內(nèi)容“Topracticemindfulness,youneedtoparticipateinanactivitywithtotalawareness.Inthecaseofmindfuleating,it’simportanttoeatwithallyourattentionratherthanonmultitasking(reading,watchingTV,daydreaming,etc).Whenyourattentionmovesaway,gentlybringitbacktoyourfoodandtheexperienceofcooking,serving,andeating.(要練習(xí)正念，你需要完全有意識(shí)地參與一項(xiàng)活動(dòng)。在正念飲食的情況下，重要的是要全神貫注地吃飯，而不是一心多用(閱讀、看電視、做白日夢(mèng)等)。當(dāng)你的注意力轉(zhuǎn)移時(shí)，輕輕地把它帶回到你的食物和烹飪、上菜和吃的體驗(yàn)上。)”可知，這一段作者開(kāi)始引出想要練習(xí)正念飲食需要注意哪些內(nèi)容。由此判斷，接下來(lái)作者將要介紹練習(xí)正念飲食的具體做法。故選B。DMengWangisaprofessorofhumangenetics.She’sbeendoingexperimentsaboutoneofthemostexcitingnewareasofmedicine—ourmicrobiome(微生物群).Youcan’tseeitwiththenakedeye,butourmicrobiomeisallover(andinsideof)us.Recentstudiesshowthatitcaninfluencehowwebehaveandevenhowwellwerespondtodifferentdrugs.Wangsays,“Sometimesourmicrobiomesmakeussick,butontheotherhand,theyalsoplayaveryimportantroleinkeepingushealthy.”Wangwantedtoknowwhetherourmicrobiomecouldinfluenceaging.Totestit,shedecidedtoworkwithakindofworm(蟲(chóng)子)thatlivesonlytwoorthreeweeks.Herquestionwas,whatwouldhappenifyouchangedaworm’smicrobiome.Woulditbeabletoliveforlonger?Wangchoseoneofthetypesofbacteria(細(xì)菌)thatlivesinsideaworm,changeditsgenes(基因)soastomakedifferentvarieties,andthenfedthisbacteriatotheworms.Threeweekslater—bythetimetheyshouldhavealldied—shecheckedonthem.Toherexcitement,shefoundthatthewormshadnotdied.Olderwormsusuallyactslowly.Theoneswiththenewmicrobiomes,however,notonlymovedaroundmorequicklyintheiroldage,butwerelesslikelyaffectedbyillnesstoo.Wangisnowcarryingouttestsonmicetoseewhetherchangingtheirmicrobiomescaninfluencetheirlivesinasimilarway.Thereisachancethatonedaywemighttakepillswhichdothesameofus.Howmuchlongercouldthispossiblyallowustolivefor?“Personally,Ithink100isalreadyagoodnumber,”saysWang.12.WhatinfluencedoesMicrobiomehaveonusaccordingtorecentstudies?A.Impactingourbehavior. B.Lengtheninglifespan.C.Increasingdrugresistance. D.Leadingtodeadlyillness.13.WhatwastheresultofMengWang’sexperiment?A.Thewormsgrewbiggerinsize.B.Thewormskeptactiveatoldage.C.Thewormswerefreefromillness.D.Thewormsdevelopedintonewvarieties.14.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Mancanliveaslongas100. B.Microbiomeworksonmicesimilarly.C.Moretestsneedtobemade. D.Wangwilldevelopanti-agingpillssoon.15.Whichmightbethebesttitle?A.Microbiome:thehopeoflongerlife? B.TipsforscientificresearchC.MengWang:leadingscientistofgenetics D.IntotheworldofMicrobiome【答案】12.A13.B14.C15.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章講述最近的研究表明，微生物群可以影響我們的行為方式，甚至影響我們對(duì)不同藥物的反應(yīng)，進(jìn)而影響我們的壽命?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Youcan’tseeitwiththenakedeye,butourmicrobiomeisallover(andinsideof)us.Recentstudiesshowthatitcaninfluencehowwebehaveandevenhowwellwerespondtodifferentdrugs.(你用肉眼看不到，但我們的微生物群遍布我們的全身（和體內(nèi)）。最近的研究表明，它可以影響我們的行為方式，甚至影響我們對(duì)不同藥物的反應(yīng)。)”可知，根據(jù)最近的研究表明，微生物群影響我們的行為。故選A。【13題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“Toherexcitement,shefoundthatthewormshadnotdied.Olderwormsusuallyactslowly.Theoneswiththenewmicrobiomes,however,notonlymovedaroundmorequicklyintheiroldage,butwerelesslikelyaffectedbyillnesstoo.(令她興奮的是，她發(fā)現(xiàn)蟲(chóng)子并沒(méi)有死。年長(zhǎng)的蠕蟲(chóng)通常行動(dòng)緩慢。然而，擁有新微生物群的不僅在老年時(shí)移動(dòng)得更快，而且也不太可能受到疾病的影響。)”可知，在老年時(shí)擁有了新微生物群的蠕蟲(chóng)是活躍地。故選B。【14題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Wangisnowcarryingouttestsonmicetoseewhetherchangingtheirmicrobiomescaninfluencetheirlivesinasimilarway.Thereisachancethatonedaywemighttakepillswhichdothesameofus.(王現(xiàn)在正在老鼠身上進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)，看看改變它們的微生物群是否會(huì)以類(lèi)似的方式影響它們的生活。也許有一天，我們服用的藥片也能起到同樣的作用。)”可知，還需要進(jìn)行更多地試驗(yàn)才能得出結(jié)論。故選C?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段的“Youcan’tseeitwiththenakedeye,butourmicrobiomeisallover(andinsideof)us.Recentstudiesshowthatitcaninfluencehowwebehaveandevenhowwellwerespondtodifferentdrugs.(你用肉眼看不到，但我們的微生物群遍布我們的全身（和體內(nèi)）。最近的研究表明，它可以影響我們的行為方式，甚至影響我們對(duì)不同藥物的反應(yīng)。)”和下文內(nèi)容對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程以及結(jié)果的講述以及最后一段的“Howmuchlongercouldthispossiblyallowustolivefor?“Personally,Ithink100isalreadyagoodnumber,”saysWang.”(這可能允許我們活多久？“就我個(gè)人而言，我認(rèn)為100已經(jīng)是一個(gè)不錯(cuò)的數(shù)字了，”王說(shuō)。)”可知，本文主要講述了研究表明微生物群可能會(huì)影響我們的壽命，因此推斷A項(xiàng)“微生物群系：更長(zhǎng)壽的希望嗎？”為最佳標(biāo)題。故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，滿分10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Closefriendshavemanybenefits,butresearchshowsthathaving“weak-tie”friendshipsisasvaluable—orevenmore—asstrongones.SociologyprofessorMarkGranovetterpublishedastudycalled“TheStrengthofWeakTies”in1973.____16____Therearetwotypesof“circles”whenitcomestoaperson’ssocialworld:theinnerandoutercircles.____17____Meanwhile,peoplewhomwetalktobutnotoftenbelongtotheoutercircle.Granovetterreferstothemas“strong”and“weak”ties.Hepointsouttheimportanceofweaktieswhenitcomestolearningnewinformationandideas.Somecompaniesdesigntheirbuildingswiththeintentionoflettingpeoplemeetbychanceinaspecificarea.Forexample,Pixarhasalarge,centralhallwhereemployeescomeacrosseachotherandstartsmalltalks.Scientistshavealsofoundthatweaktiescreateabetter,happieratmosphere.____18____Ontheotherhand,werunoutof(缺少)thingstosharewithourfriendswhenwegetthechancetotalktothem.Sometimesit’shardertotalktopeopleweknowwellbecausethoseconversationscomewithanemotionalburdenduringthepandemic(流行病).Butthisdoesn’tmeanwehavetostophere.AsstatedinGranovetter’swork,wegetmoreinformationfromweakties.Takeadvantageofthepandemicbyaskingyourfriendshowtheyare.____19____Thisway,wecangetideastofigureouthowweshouldbehave.Itispointedoutthatrightnow,socialmediaisthebestreplacementforsmalltalks.Sparkingasmalltalkisawaytoshowthatyoucarewithoutusingmuchofyourtime,attention,andenergy.____20____A.Thatisthesecretbehind“weak-tie”friendships.B.Thestudymakespeoplevalueclosefriendsinanotherway.C.Andthenaskhowthey’redealingwiththecurrentsituation.D.SocialinteractionsnowadaysarelimitedduetotheCOVID-19.E.Closefriendswefeelcomfortablewithbelongtotheinnercircle.F.There,heexplainsthatweaktiesareimportantinfriendshipaswell.G.BecauseoftheCOVID-19,theworldhasseenachangeinbehaviors.【答案】16.F17.E18.D19.C20.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章對(duì)“弱關(guān)系”友誼進(jìn)行了相關(guān)介紹?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)空前“SociologyprofessorMarkGranovetterpublishedastudycalled“TheStrengthofWeakTies”in1973.（社會(huì)學(xué)教授馬克·格蘭諾維特在1973年發(fā)表了一項(xiàng)名為“弱關(guān)系的力量”的研究。）”可知，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)“There,heexplainsthatweaktiesareimportantinfriendshipaswell.（他在書(shū)中解釋說(shuō)，弱關(guān)系在友誼中也很重要。）”話題一致，是對(duì)前一句的進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明，同時(shí)選項(xiàng)中的he指的就是前面提到的MarkGranovetter。故選F項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)空前“Therearetwotypesof“circles”whenitcomestoaperson’ssocialworld:theinnerandoutercircles.（在一個(gè)人的社交世界中有兩種“圈子”：內(nèi)部圈子和外部圈子。）”可知，E選項(xiàng)“Closefriendswefeelcomfortablewithbelongtotheinnercircle.（讓我們感到舒服的親密朋友屬于內(nèi)部圈子。）”是對(duì)上句提到innercircles的進(jìn)一步解釋?zhuān)琲nnercircle也是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選E項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)空處下句“Ontheotherhand,werunoutof(缺少)thingstosharewithourfriendswhenwegetthechancetotalktothem.（另一方面，當(dāng)我們有機(jī)會(huì)和朋友聊天的時(shí)候，我們就會(huì)缺少可以和他們分享的東西。）”可知，這與D選項(xiàng)“SocialinteractionsnowadaysarelimitedduetotheCOVID-19.（由于新冠肺炎疫情，現(xiàn)在的社交活動(dòng)非常有限。）”形成對(duì)比，前后話題也一致，講述的是我們很少有機(jī)會(huì)參加社交，即使參加社交，也會(huì)缺少可以分享的東西。故選D項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)空前“Takeadvantageofthepandemicbyaskingyourfriendshowtheyare.（借疫情這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，問(wèn)問(wèn)你的朋友們過(guò)得怎么樣。）”可知，這與C選項(xiàng)“Andthenaskhowthey’redealingwiththecurrentsituation.（然后問(wèn)他們是如何處理目前的情況的。）”內(nèi)容一致，均是在介紹一些具體措施與方法。且選項(xiàng)中的they指代的就是空前的yourfriends。故選C項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)空前“Sparkingasmalltalkisawaytoshowthatyoucarewithoutusingmuchofyourtime,attention,andenergy.（閑聊是一種不用花費(fèi)你太多時(shí)間、注意力和精力就能表達(dá)你關(guān)心的方式。）”可知，A選項(xiàng)“Thatisthesecretbehind“weak-tie”friendships.（這就是“弱關(guān)系”友誼背后的秘密。）”是對(duì)空前的總結(jié)，空前是對(duì)“弱關(guān)系”友誼相關(guān)好處的具體介紹。故選A項(xiàng)。第三題選詞填空(共10小題;每小題1分，滿分10分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從方框中選出能填入文中空白處的最合適的單詞。注意，其中有兩個(gè)多余選項(xiàng)。A.internetB.careersC.popularizeD.invitedE.nationalF.introducingG.titlesH.culturalI.understandJ.attractingK.platformL.practisingZhangHanliang,amartialartsteacheratTianshuiNormalUniversityinGansuprovince,hasproducedmanytraditionalChinesemartialartsvideosinthepastyears,____21____sixteenmillionviewersathomeandabroadontheonline____22____Bilibili.Zhang,now35yearsold,hasbeen____23____martialartssinceshewasseven.Thankstoherhardwork,Zhangwonherfirstsword(劍)championshipinGansuprovinceat13.Shethengotswordandspeartitlesata____24____levelwhenshewas17,andat20,shewonaseriesofchampionshiptitlesinvariouscategories.In2007,ZhangbegantoworkasamartialartsteacheratTianshuiNormalUniversity,gettingnew____25____suchasfirst-classnationalathleteandfirst-classnationaljudgeofmartialarts.Inadditiontoherdailyteachingtasks,Zhanghasbeen____26____toFrance,Russia,Malaysiaandothercountriesmanytimestoteachmartialarts.“Martialartscanbeabridgefor____27____exchangesbetweenChinaandothercountries,”saidZhang,addingthatshewantedto____28____martialartstotheaudiencethroughthe____29____.Andshehopedmoreandmoreforeignerscould_____30_____andlovemartialarts.【答案】21.J22.K23.L24.E25.G26.D27.H28.C29.A30.I【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了甘肅天水師范學(xué)院的一名武術(shù)老師張漢良制作了許多中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)武術(shù)視頻，在嗶哩嗶哩在線平臺(tái)上吸引了1600萬(wàn)國(guó)內(nèi)外觀眾?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：張漢良是甘肅天水師范學(xué)院的一名武術(shù)老師，在過(guò)去的幾年里，他制作了許多中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)武術(shù)視頻，在嗶哩嗶哩在線平臺(tái)上吸引了1600萬(wàn)國(guó)內(nèi)外觀眾。分析句子可知，空處應(yīng)填現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，結(jié)合句意可知，此處表示“吸引”應(yīng)為attracting。故選J項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查名詞。句意：張漢良是甘肅天水師范學(xué)院的一名武術(shù)老師，在過(guò)去的幾年里，他制作了許多中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)武術(shù)視頻，在嗶哩嗶哩在線平臺(tái)上吸引了1600萬(wàn)國(guó)內(nèi)外觀眾。分析可知，空處由定冠詞the修飾，作介詞on的賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)填名詞，結(jié)合句意可知，此處表示“平臺(tái)”，應(yīng)填platform。故選K項(xiàng)。【23題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：今年35歲的張玉玲從7歲起就開(kāi)始練習(xí)跳臺(tái)武術(shù)。根據(jù)sinceshewasseven可知，本句描述從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，所以空處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式，結(jié)合句意可知，此處表示“練習(xí)”，應(yīng)填practising。故選L項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：17歲時(shí)，她獲得了國(guó)家級(jí)別的劍和矛冠軍，20歲時(shí)，她在各種類(lèi)別中贏得了一系列冠軍頭銜。分析可知，空處修飾名詞level作定語(yǔ)，應(yīng)填形容詞，結(jié)合句意可知，此處表示“國(guó)家的”，應(yīng)填national。故選E項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查名詞。句意：2007年開(kāi)始在天水師范學(xué)院擔(dān)任武術(shù)教師，先后獲得國(guó)家一級(jí)運(yùn)動(dòng)員、國(guó)家一級(jí)武術(shù)裁判員等新稱號(hào)。分析可知，空處由形容詞new修飾，應(yīng)填名詞作動(dòng)詞getting的賓語(yǔ)，結(jié)合句意可知，此處表示“頭銜”，應(yīng)填titles。故選G項(xiàng)。【26題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：除了日常教學(xué)任務(wù)外，她還多次受邀前往法國(guó)、俄羅斯、馬來(lái)西亞等國(guó)家教授武術(shù)。分析可知，空處為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，空處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞形式，結(jié)合句意可知，此處表示“被邀請(qǐng)”，應(yīng)填invited。故選D項(xiàng)。【27題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：“武術(shù)可以成為中國(guó)和其他國(guó)家文化交流的橋梁，”張說(shuō)，并補(bǔ)充說(shuō)她想通過(guò)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)向觀眾普及武術(shù)。分析可知，空處修飾名詞exchanges，應(yīng)填形容詞作定語(yǔ)，結(jié)合句意可知，此處表示“文化的”，應(yīng)填cultural。故選H項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：“武術(shù)可以成為中國(guó)和其他國(guó)家文化交流的橋梁，”張說(shuō)，并補(bǔ)充說(shuō)她想通過(guò)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)向觀眾普及武術(shù)。分析可知，wanttodosth.為固定搭配，表示“想要做某事”，所以空處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞原形，結(jié)合句意可知，此處表示“普及，推廣”，應(yīng)填popularize。故選C項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查名詞。句意：“武術(shù)可以成為中國(guó)和其他國(guó)家文化交流的橋梁，”張說(shuō)，并補(bǔ)充說(shuō)她想通過(guò)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)向觀眾普及武術(shù)。分析可知，空處由定冠詞the修飾，應(yīng)填名詞作介詞through的賓語(yǔ)，結(jié)合句意可知，此處表示“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)”，應(yīng)填internet。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：她希望越來(lái)越多的外國(guó)人能夠了解并熱愛(ài)武術(shù)。分析可知，空處位于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could之后，應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞原形，結(jié)合句意可知，此處表示“理解”，應(yīng)填understand。故選I項(xiàng)。第四題單詞拼寫(xiě)(共10小題;每小題1分，滿分10分)請(qǐng)根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思及首字母將單詞的完整形式寫(xiě)在答題卡上。31.Hiscourageandd______(決心)helpedhimwintheplay.(根據(jù)中英文提示單詞拼寫(xiě))【答案】determination##etermination【解析】【詳解】考查名詞。句意：他的勇氣和決心幫助他贏得了這場(chǎng)戲。根據(jù)并列連詞and前名詞courage可知，用名詞形式，在句中作主語(yǔ)。根據(jù)中英文提示及句意，故填determination。32.Iamlookingforwardtoe______(探索)ournewcampus.(根據(jù)中英文提示單詞拼寫(xiě))【答案】exploring##xploring【解析】【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：我期待著探索我們的新校園。根據(jù)單詞首字母以及漢語(yǔ)提示可知應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞explore，且上文為短語(yǔ)lookforwardtodoingsth.。故填exploring。33.Theo______(場(chǎng)合)ismoreenjoyableandthedishestastebetter.(根據(jù)中英文提示單詞拼寫(xiě))【答案】occasion##ccasion【解析】【詳解】考查名詞。句意：場(chǎng)合更令人愉快，菜肴味道更好。根據(jù)單詞首字母以及漢語(yǔ)提示可知應(yīng)填名詞occasion，作主語(yǔ)，結(jié)合is可知單數(shù)。故填occasion。34.Ifyoufollowmyadvice,you’llhavetwoo______(選擇)foryourfuture.(根據(jù)中英文提示單詞拼寫(xiě))【答案】options##ptions【解析】【詳解】考查名詞。句意：如果你聽(tīng)從我的建議，你的未來(lái)將有兩個(gè)選擇。根據(jù)句意和首字母提示應(yīng)填option“選擇”作賓語(yǔ)，由two修飾用復(fù)數(shù)，故填options。35.Thedigitalagee______(使能夠)ustofindpeoplewhoshareourinterests.(根據(jù)中英文提示單詞拼寫(xiě))【答案】enables##nables【解析】【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：數(shù)字時(shí)代使我們能夠找到志同道合的人。分析可知，本句描述的是一般事實(shí)，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，結(jié)合漢語(yǔ)提示可知，應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞enable，表示“使能夠”，且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞enable要與主語(yǔ)Thedigitalage保持主謂一致，用單數(shù)。故填enables。36.Whataresometipsthatcanhelpyououtwhend______(防守)againstthem?(根據(jù)中英文提示單詞拼寫(xiě))【答案】defending##efending【解析】【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：有什么建議可以幫助你抵御它們嗎？根據(jù)單詞首字母以及漢語(yǔ)提示可知應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞defend，且與邏輯主語(yǔ)you為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)，故填defending。37.Whenyouopenadictionary,youoftencomeacrossalotofu_______(不熟悉)words.(根據(jù)中英文提示單詞拼寫(xiě))【答案】unfamiliar【解析】【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：當(dāng)你打開(kāi)字典時(shí)，你經(jīng)常會(huì)遇到很多你不熟悉的單詞。根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示，應(yīng)填形容詞unfamiliar作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞words。故填unfamiliar。38.Thestrawberrycheesecakeishighlyr______(推薦)foritslovelysweetandfruitytaste.(根據(jù)中英文提示單詞拼寫(xiě))【答案】recommended##ecommended【解析】【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：強(qiáng)烈推薦草莓芝士蛋糕，因?yàn)樗篮玫奶鹞逗退?。根?jù)單詞首字母以及漢語(yǔ)提示可知應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞recommend，與主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，結(jié)合is可知為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故填recommended。39.Theflatterracecatchestherainwaterandp______(阻止)thesoilfrombeingwashedaway.(根據(jù)中英文提示單詞拼寫(xiě))【答案】prevents##revents【解析】【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：平坦的露臺(tái)可以收集雨水，防止土壤被沖走。根據(jù)單詞首字母以及漢語(yǔ)提示可知應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞prevent，結(jié)合上文Theflatterracecatchestherainwaterand可知為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，此處應(yīng)用prevent的三單形式和cathes是并列謂語(yǔ)。故填prevents。40.TheRevengeofPrinceZidanisashowthatcombinesmusic,singing,drama,poetryandcostumedesignwithe______(爆炸性的)effect.(根據(jù)中英文提示單詞拼寫(xiě))【答案】explosive##xplosive【解析】【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：《王子復(fù)仇記》是一場(chǎng)融合了音樂(lè)、演唱、戲劇、詩(shī)歌以及驚艷服飾表演。分析可知，空處應(yīng)填形容詞修飾名詞effect，作定語(yǔ)，結(jié)合漢語(yǔ)提示可知，空處應(yīng)填形容詞explosive，表示“爆炸性的”。故填explosive。第五題短文填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。WhenZhengYaling,21,receivedheradmissionletter(錄取通知書(shū))fromHunanUniversitytwoyearsago,she____41____(immediate)startedlookingupHunanprovinceontheinternet.Born____42____raisedinJiayi,Taiwan,ZhengknewlittleabouttheChinesemainland.ShequicklyfoundthatYueluAcademy,locatedontheuniversity’scampus,____43____(found)in976ADandwasoneofChina’sfourmajoracademies.HunanisalsohometoZhangjiajieNationalForestPark,____44____themovieAvatarwasfilmed.Everythingshediscovered____45____(excite)Zhengaboutherupcomingcollegelife.Shesharedthenewswithherfriends.____46____(know)thatshewasleavingforamainlandprovince,however,theyhadmanyconcerns,becauseneithershenoranyofthemknewanythingaboutit.Buttoeveryone’ssurprise,Zhengquicklyadapted____47____hernewlife.Inherdormitory(宿舍),sheandherroommateslookedafterandmotivatedoneanother.Forexample,herroommatestaughther____48____(type)inpinyinandtowritesimplifiedChinesecharacters.WhenZhengreturnedtotheuniversityaftervacations,shegottotastelocaldelicaciesfromnearlyeverymainlandprovince,____49____herclassmatesbroughtfromtheirhometowns.“Myfriendsarelikemyfamily,”Zhengsaid.“Thei