閱讀理解詞義猜測(cè)題（解析版）-2025年天津高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)熱點(diǎn)題型專(zhuān)練

熱點(diǎn)題型?閱讀理解攻略

專(zhuān)題15閱讀理解詞義猜測(cè)題

01題型綜述____________________________________________

高考閱讀理解選材來(lái)源廣泛，多源于國(guó)外英文圖書(shū)、報(bào)刊、網(wǎng)絡(luò)媒體，語(yǔ)言地道純正，具有鮮明的語(yǔ)

言文化特點(diǎn)。體裁包括記敘文、說(shuō)明文、議論文、應(yīng)用文等，涉及科普、社會(huì)、文化、地理、歷史、政治、

經(jīng)濟(jì)、人文、日常生活等領(lǐng)域。命題主要考查細(xì)節(jié)理解、主旨大意、詞義猜測(cè)及推理判斷。

詞義猜測(cè)題考查的范圍主要在以下幾個(gè)方面：生詞、短語(yǔ)、熟詞生義、句子和代詞的指代。

常見(jiàn)的設(shè)問(wèn)形式主要有以下幾種：

Whatdoestheunderlinedword"...”inParagraph...referto?

Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"inParagraph...referto?

Whatdoestheunderlinedword【..”inParagraph...mean?

WhatdoestheauthormeanbyinParagraph...?

WhichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedwordinParagraph...?

無(wú)論是直接的詞義猜測(cè)題，還是閱讀中需要理解不認(rèn)識(shí)的生詞，我們都可以利用構(gòu)詞法、邏輯關(guān)系、語(yǔ)法

關(guān)系、生活常識(shí)、文化背景和上下文語(yǔ)境等方法來(lái)猜出單詞或短語(yǔ)的意思。

02解題攻略

題型01利用構(gòu)詞法猜詞義

【題型詮釋】

1.合成法

合成法是指兩個(gè)或多個(gè)單詞按照一定的組合規(guī)律組合在一起，形成一個(gè)新的單詞。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，新的合成詞

的意思就是各個(gè)組成詞的意思的綜合。例如：workmate是由work（工作）和mate（伙伴）組合成的新單

詞，它的意思是”工友，同事”。這樣的單詞在平時(shí)閱讀中經(jīng)常見(jiàn)到，也比較容易猜測(cè)出它們的意思。

【典例】

Encouragingthiskindofthinkinghasadownside.Irantheriskoflosingthosestudentswhohadadifferent

styleofthinking.Withoutfailonewoulddeclare,HButVmjustnotcreative."...

Q:Whatdoestheunderlinedword“downside”inParagraph4probablymean?

A.Mistake.B.Drawback.C.Difficulty.D.Burden.

【答案】【解析】B

根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法進(jìn)行猜測(cè)，downside由down和side組成，字面意思為"下面的一邊"，初步可以猜測(cè)出詞義

為"不足部分"。再根據(jù)畫(huà)線單詞后的"Irantheriskoflosingthosestudentswhohadadifferentstyleofthinkingn

可知,我冒著失去那些有不同思維方式的學(xué)生的危險(xiǎn)，說(shuō)明我的這種教育方法也有不足之處。故畫(huà)線詞意為”

缺點(diǎn)”。

2.派生法

派生法是英語(yǔ)單詞的主要構(gòu)成法，它是通過(guò)在基礎(chǔ)詞根上添加前綴或者后綴來(lái)構(gòu)造新詞。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，

前綴改變?cè)~義不改變?cè)~性；而后綴改變?cè)~性不改變?cè)~義。例如：dis-,1111-,加-』11-,什-再011-,11^-等是一些表示否

定或者相反意思的前綴，它們用在單詞的前面往往構(gòu)成原單詞的反義詞。如：appear—>disappear,

possible-impossible,like-unlike,smoker-non-smoker等。又如前綴re-表示"又，再“；co-表示"共同”;mini-

或者micro-表示“小的"；over-表示“過(guò)于“；super-表示“超級(jí)，極"；tele-表示“遠(yuǎn)的”等。

3.轉(zhuǎn)化法

把一種詞性用作另一種詞性而詞形不變的方法叫做轉(zhuǎn)化法。例如：Theauthoremptiedallhispocketsto

findhisticket.empty由形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化用作動(dòng)詞，在此表示“掏空”的意思。又如：Widespreadprotestshaveplaced

thePresidentunderseriouspressure.place由名詞轉(zhuǎn)化成動(dòng)詞，表示“安置，使...處于某位置

利用構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)詞義的特點(diǎn)

(1)根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)的詞義一般比較接近單詞的真實(shí)意思，準(zhǔn)確率比較高；

(2)有些詞具有多個(gè)詞性或詞義，添加不同的詞綴會(huì)產(chǎn)生不同的詞性和意義，需要細(xì)加區(qū)別。例如：

like可以作介詞表示“像“，也可以作動(dòng)詞表示“喜歡"，添加否定前綴un-構(gòu)成另一個(gè)介詞unlike表示"不

像”，添加另一個(gè)否定前綴dis-構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞dislike表示"不喜歡”。

題型02利用邏輯關(guān)系猜詞義

【題型詮釋】

語(yǔ)言表達(dá)總是按照一定的邏輯關(guān)系展開(kāi)的，根據(jù)語(yǔ)言的內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系可以粗略地推斷出生詞詞義或大

致義域。對(duì)我們猜測(cè)詞義幫助最大的邏輯關(guān)系有并列、轉(zhuǎn)折和因果等。

并列關(guān)系

英語(yǔ)中可以使用also,as...as,similarly,and,or,justas,likewise等詞語(yǔ)表示相同或者相近的意思，這種表

示并列的關(guān)系中，只要我們認(rèn)識(shí)其中一個(gè)單詞，就可以推測(cè)出另一個(gè)單詞的意思。如：Mr.Greenlovesto

talk,andhisbrothersaresimilarlyloquacious.分析：這個(gè)句子里面使用了表示并列關(guān)系的單詞and,還使

用了表示“相似”的單詞similarly,由此可知，畫(huà)線單詞loquacious表達(dá)的意思和"lovestotalk”的意思一

樣，即“健談的”。

【典例】

Someplantspumpoutsmellychemicalstokeepinsectsaway.Butothersdodoubleduty.Theypumpout

perfumesdesignedtoattractdifferentinsectswhoarenaturalenemiestotheattackers.Oncetheyarrive,thetables

areturned.Theattackerwhowaslunchingnowbecomeslunch....

33.Whatdoestheauthormeanbynthetablesareturned"inparagraph3?

A.Theattackersgetattacked.B.Theinsectsgatherunderthetable.

C.Theplantsgetreadytofightback.D.Theperfumesattractnaturalenemies.

【解析】本題考查文章中對(duì)一句話的理解，屬于廣義的詞義猜測(cè)題。在這一句后面，又使用了一句同義并

列的句子來(lái)對(duì)其進(jìn)行解釋?zhuān)鶕?jù)后一句話的意思"正在吃午餐的攻擊者變成了午餐”可以知道，畫(huà)線句子是

指形勢(shì)發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)變。Ao

國(guó)臼陶畫(huà)

轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系

incontrast,onthecontrary,unlike,however,but,despite,while等詞匯常常會(huì)被用來(lái)表示前后關(guān)系的轉(zhuǎn)折，

其前后表示相反的意思。同樣，我們也可以根據(jù)其中一個(gè)詞匯來(lái)推知另一個(gè)表示相反意思的詞匯。如：

Likepolesrepel;unlikepolesattract.

分析：這是一個(gè)典型的表示對(duì)比關(guān)系的句子，前后表達(dá)了相反的意思，還使用了反義對(duì)比的詞匯Like

和unlike,由此可知，repel和attract的意思相反，repel在此表示“排斥"。

題型03利用語(yǔ)法關(guān)系猜詞義

【題型詮釋】

英語(yǔ)的一些語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)或者行文技巧也可以幫助我們猜測(cè)詞義，例如：下定義、定語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)、自

問(wèn)自答、舉例和標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)。

1.下定義

mean,referto,is,thatis,namely等后的內(nèi)容往往是對(duì)前面進(jìn)行注解性說(shuō)明的，可以幫助猜測(cè)詞義。

國(guó)國(guó)目困

Annealingisawayofmakingmetalsofterbyheatingitandthenlettingitcoolveryslowly.

分析：本句就是一個(gè)由is引起的下定義的句子，is后面的內(nèi)容對(duì)前面生詞作了詳細(xì)注解，故不難猜出

anneal是"使（金屬）退火"的意思。

2.定語(yǔ)從句

國(guó)國(guó)陶固

Jackisnowaflorist,whokeepsashopforsellingflowersinourdistrict.

分析：非限制性定語(yǔ)從句修飾限定了先行詞的內(nèi)容和范疇，因此根據(jù)后面的從句可猜測(cè)出florist的

意思為"花商"。

3.同位語(yǔ)

同位語(yǔ)是對(duì)其前的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明的，所以，同位語(yǔ)也是猜測(cè)單詞詞義的一個(gè)好辦法。

國(guó)圖圖的

Semantics,thestudyofthemeaningofwords,isnecessaryifyouaretospeakandreadintelligently.

分析：同位語(yǔ)thestudyofthemeaningofwords解釋了Semantics的意思，因此可知，semantics的意

思是“語(yǔ)義學(xué)”。

題型04利用生活常識(shí)和文化背景猜詞義

【題型詮釋】

在閱讀有關(guān)日常生活或大家比較熟悉的事物的文章時(shí)，即使存在一些生詞，我們也可以根據(jù)生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)

和常識(shí)以及文化背景來(lái)猜測(cè)單詞的意思，

圖國(guó)陶畫(huà)

Thesnakeslitheredthroughthegrass.分析：蛇是一種爬行動(dòng)物，根據(jù)這個(gè)生活常識(shí)可以猜出，shther意為

“爬行”。

Mostoftheflowersarebeginningtowitherbecauseofthecoldweather.

分析：天氣寒冷，大多數(shù)花都會(huì)凋謝，這是生活常識(shí)。由此可以猜出，wither的意思是“枯萎，凋謝”。

Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient,heusuallygivesananaesthetictomakehimunconscious,

becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim.

分析：根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，醫(yī)生在給病人動(dòng)手術(shù)之前，通常會(huì)使用麻醉藥來(lái)減輕病人的痛苦。由此可知，

anaesthetic的意思應(yīng)該是麻醉藥，麻醉劑”。

【典例】

...Frequentlyithappensthataplacehastwonames:Oneisnamedbythepeopleandtheotherbythegovernment.

Asinmanyareas,oldhabitsdiehard,andtheplacecontinuestobecalledbyitsunofficialnamelongafterthe

meaningislost....Q：Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"diehard"inParagraph1probablymean?

A.Changesuddenly.B.Changesignificantly.

C.Disappearmysteriously.D.Disappearveryslowly.

【解析】本題考查對(duì)短語(yǔ)diehard意思的猜測(cè)。根據(jù)生活常識(shí)可以知道，習(xí)慣很難改變，而且在漢語(yǔ)中，形

容某人固執(zhí)時(shí)也會(huì)使用”死硬”這一說(shuō)法。再結(jié)合文章意思可知答案。Do

題型05利用上下文語(yǔ)境猜詞義

【題型詮釋】

在文章中，任何一個(gè)單詞都不是孤立存在的，它總要通過(guò)上下文和其他單詞有著緊密的聯(lián)系，通過(guò)這

些聯(lián)系也可以猜測(cè)出單詞的意思，尤其是代詞的指代含義。

O國(guó)困

代詞指代題一般是在人物或事物關(guān)系比較復(fù)雜的情況下設(shè)置的一種題型，考查考生對(duì)復(fù)雜關(guān)系的分析能

力，要求考生對(duì)代詞所在句以及緊鄰幾個(gè)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)和意思都有準(zhǔn)確的理解。文章中的代詞it,that,he,

him,them等可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that還可以指代一件事。有時(shí)代詞指代的對(duì)象相隔較遠(yuǎn)，

考生要認(rèn)真查找；有時(shí)考生需要對(duì)前面提到的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié)概括，才能得出代詞所指代的對(duì)象?？忌?/p>

利用上下文語(yǔ)境，采用邏輯關(guān)系梳理法，使人物或事物的關(guān)系明朗化。要記住代詞通常出現(xiàn)在原詞之后，

根據(jù)這條原則考生可以快速鎖定答案，最后帶入原句中進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。

【典例】

Wesharedthebeliefthatifyou'refortunateenoughtohavesuccess,youshouldputsomethingback-hewithhis

Newman'sOwnfoodandhisHoleintheWallcampsforkidswhoareseriouslyill,andmewithSundanceandthe

instituteandthefestival.PaulandIdidn'tseeeachotherallthatregularly,butsharingthatbroughtustogether.We

supportedeachotherfinanciallyandbyshowingupatevents....

26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"that"inparagraph3referto?

A.Theirbelief.B.Theircareforchildren.

C.Theirsuccess.D.Theirsupportforeachother.dot

【解析】代詞指代的大多都是前面已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)的名詞，為了避免重復(fù)而使用了代詞。根據(jù)上文的內(nèi)容可知，

讓作者和朋友走到一起的是兩個(gè)人共同的信念。Ao

03高考練場(chǎng)

【高考真題】

（2023?天津?統(tǒng)考高考真題）Ilovemakingartandlookingatartworks.Tvefoundmyselfwonderinghowwe

gainpleasurefromart.Andnowneuroaesthetics,acombinationofneuroscience（神經(jīng)科學(xué)）andaesthetics（美學(xué)）,

mayprovideananswer.

Neuroaestheticsisarelativelyyoungfieldofresearchonwhathappensinthebrainwhenwemakeaesthetic

assessments.Researchersusebrainimagingtechniquetoseewhichbrainareaslightupwhenweviewpaintings

thatweconsiderbeautiful.Similarresearchhasbeendonetounderstandthe"neuronalfireworks“thatoccurwhen

welookatinspiringsculptures,attractivefaces,impressivedance,etc.

Butwhydowefindsomeartbeautifulandotherartugly?Accordingtoresearch,itallcomesdowntothe

“aesthetictriad（三元組合）”.

Thefirstpartofthetriadissensory-motor.Thisinvolvesperceivingthingslikecolours,shapesand

movements.Movementinarthasaninterestingrole.Ifyouseeapaintingofamovement,likeofamanpullinghis

armawayafterbeingbittenbyadog,youfeellikegoingthroughasimilarexperience.Thepartofyourbrainthat

controlsyourownmovementslightsupinresponse.

Secondisemotion-valuation.Thisishowapieceofartmakesyoufeel,andwhetherornotyouappreciateor

enjoythatfeeling.Thepartofthebrainrelatedtopleasureisactivatedinresponsetosomethingwefindbeautiful.

Thissystemcanbeaffectedinfascinatingways,asfoundbyresearchusingtranscranialmagneticstimulation（TMS）

（經(jīng)顱磁刺激）.IfTMSisappliedtoaspecificpartofyourbrainbehindyourforeheadthatisparticularlyimportant

fordecision-making,yousuddenlylikedifferentkindsofart.Suchstimulationproducessignificantchangesin

aestheticappreciationoffaces,bodiesandartworks.

Thethirdpartismeaning-knowledge.Thisistodowithhowwecanconnectwithapieceofartandwhat

meaningwecancreateinit.Artisdeeplypersonal,becausewhentwopeopleseethesameartwork,ourperception

cancreatevastlydifferentexperiencesofmeaning.Ifwefindmeaning,thenweoftenfindpleasure.Wealsoget

enjoymentfromtheknowledgeofhowsomethingwasmade.Fortheimagesthatanartistcreates,viewerswill

probablygetfarmoreenjoymentoncetheyknowtheprocessusedtocreatethem.

Informedbyneuroaesthetics,thenexttimeIcreatemyartIwillvaluetheprocessevenmore,enjoyingthe

activationoftheaesthetictriadinmybrainasIadmirethevividimagesthatIhavecreated.

6.Whatdoes"'neuronalfireworks^^inParagraph2referto?

A.Abeautifulpaintingorsculpture.

B.Thelighting-upofspecificbrainareas.

C.Anadvancedbrainimagingtechnology.

D.Theaestheticassessmentofmodernart.

【答案】6.B

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了神經(jīng)美學(xué)這一學(xué)科領(lǐng)域，以及它如何解釋我們?yōu)楹螘?huì)從藝術(shù)

中獲得愉悅感。

6.詞義猜測(cè)題。劃線短語(yǔ)上文“Neuroaestheticsisarelativelyyoungfieldofresearchonwhathappensinthebrain

whenwemakeaestheticassessments.Researchersusebrainimagingtechniquetoseewhichbrainareaslightup

whenweviewpaintingsthatweconsiderbeautiful.（神經(jīng)美學(xué)是一個(gè)相對(duì)年輕的研究領(lǐng)域，研究的是當(dāng)我們進(jìn)行

審美評(píng)估時(shí)大腦會(huì)發(fā)生什么。研究人員使用腦成像技術(shù)來(lái)觀察當(dāng)我們看到我們認(rèn)為美麗的畫(huà)作時(shí)，大腦的

哪些區(qū)域會(huì)發(fā)光。）”提出當(dāng)進(jìn)行審美評(píng)估，看到時(shí)美麗的畫(huà)作時(shí)，我們大腦的一些區(qū)域會(huì)“發(fā)光”。劃線詞所

在句"Similarresearchhasbeendonetounderstandthe"neuronalfireworks“thatoccurwhenwelookat

inspiringsculptures,attractivefaces,impressivedance,etc.（類(lèi)似的研究已經(jīng)完成，以了解當(dāng)我們看到鼓舞人心

的雕塑，迷人的面孔，令人印象深刻的舞蹈等時(shí)發(fā)生的“神經(jīng)元煙花“。）”提出類(lèi)似研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們?cè)诳吹焦?/p>

舞人心的雕塑，迷人的面孔，令人印象深刻的舞蹈等時(shí)會(huì)產(chǎn)生“neuronalfireworks（神經(jīng)元煙花廠。文中將兩

種情況進(jìn)行了類(lèi)比，由此推知，“neuronalfireworks（神經(jīng)元煙花）”與上文中的“大腦的一些區(qū)域會(huì)，發(fā)光，”是同

一個(gè)意思，即指上文中的"Thelighting-upofspecificbrainareas."。故選Bo

（2020?天津?高考真題）Studyingasubjectthatyoufeelpointlessisneverafunoreasytask.Ifyou're

studyinghistory,askingyourselfthequestion"whyishistoryimportant"isaverygoodfirststep.Historyisan

essentialpartofhumancivilization.Youwillfindsomethingherethatwillarouseyourinterest,orgetyouthinking

aboutthesignificanceofhistory.

Historygroundsusinourroots.Historyisanimportantandinterestingfieldofstudy,andlearningthehistory

ofourhomecountrycangiveusadeeper,moremeaningfulglimpse（一瞥）intoourancestralpasts,andhowwegot

towherewearetoday.Manypeoplefeelliketheyneedasenseofculturalbelonging,whichissomethingthat

studyingyourrootsandbeingopen-mindedtotheevolutionofyourculturecanprovide.

Historyenrichesourexperience.Readinghistoryisanamazingexperiencebecauseitenablesustoreflecton

thesocialandeconomiclifeofthepeoplelivinglongtimeagoAccordingtotheexperts,problemsfacedbypeople

regardlessofthepastandpresentarethesame.Withtheinformationabouttheancestors,onecanbecomemore

experiencedinhandlingchallengesoflife.

Historymakesusmoreempathetic（具有共情能力的）,Studyinghistorycangiveusinsight（洞察力）into

whyourculturedoescertainthings,andhowthepasthasshapeditintowhatweknownow.Italsoprovidesa

ratherstrongfoundationforempathyacrosscultures.Fearandhateforothersisusuallycausedbyignorance（無(wú)

知）.We'rescaredofthethingsthatwedon'tunderstand.Historyhasthepotentialtobreakdownthoseboundaries

byofferingusinsightintoentireworldsthatwouldotherwisebeforeigntous.

Historycaninspireustolearnmore,what'sfantasticabouthistoryisthewayitbroadensourhorizons.It's

almostimpossibletolearnaboutonehistoricalperiodwithouthavingdozensofquestionsaboutrelatedconcepts.

Studythe19thcenturyEngland,andyoumightcatchaglimpseofCharlesDickens*OliverTwist.LookupCharles

Dickens,andyoumightlearnathingortwoaboutrealism.Ormaybeyouendupswitchingyourattentionaway

fromnovels,anddiscoverthehistoryofromanticpoetsinEngland.Itcangoanywhere,andthereissomethingin

thereforabsolutelyanybody.

Thevalueofhistorycannotbeunderestimated.Wedon'thavetoliveinthepast,butwecandefinitelydo

betterbylearningfromitandusingthelessonslearnttoleadmoremeaningfullives.

16.Theunderlinedpart"wherewearetoday"inPara.2probablymeans.

A.theturningpointinourhistory

B.thepresentstateofournation

C.thelocationofourhomeland

D.thetotalareaofourcountry

【答案】16.B

【分析】本文是議論文。開(kāi)頭提出問(wèn)題為什么歷史重要。然后分四方面論述學(xué)歷史的好處，最后總結(jié)扣題

說(shuō)明學(xué)歷史的意義一歷史的價(jià)值不可低估，通過(guò)從中學(xué)習(xí)，并利用學(xué)到的教訓(xùn)過(guò)更有意義的生活。

16.猜測(cè)詞義題。根據(jù)上句learningthehistoryofourhomecountrycangiveusadeeper,moremeaningful

glimpse（一瞥）intoourancestralpasts.,可知學(xué)習(xí)我們祖國(guó)的歷史能更深、更有意義地了解我們祖先的過(guò)去。

此處指學(xué)歷史著眼于大局，是從國(guó)家層面講的，與之一致，可推知畫(huà)線的wherewearetoday指的是我們國(guó)

家的現(xiàn)狀。故選B。

【最新模擬】

（2024?天津?一模）"OneofthereasonsIfindthistopicveryinterestingisbecausemymomwasasmoker

whenIwasyounger.^^saysLindson-Hawley,whostudiestobaccoandhealthattheUniversityofOxford.

Bystudyingabout700adultsmokers,shefoundoutthathermomquittherightway-bystoppingabruptly

andcompletely.

Inherstudy,participantswererandomlyassignedtotwogroups.Onehadtoquitabruptlyonagivenday,

goingfromaboutapackadaytozero.Theothercutdowngraduallyoverthecourseoftwoweeks.Peopleinboth

groupsusednicotine（尼古丁）patchesbeforetheyquit,inadditiontoasecondformofnicotinereplacement,like

gumorspray.Theyalsohadtalktherapywithanursebeforeandafterquitday.

Sixmonthsout,morepeoplewhohadquitabruptlyhadstuckwithit——morethanone-fifthofthem,compared

toaboutone-seventhintheothergroup.Althoughthesenumbersappearlow,itismuchhigherthanifpeopletry

withoutsupport.

Andthequitrateswereparticularlyconvincinggiventhatbeforethestudystarted,mostofthepeoplehadsaid

they'drathercutdowngraduallybeforequitting."Ifyou'retrainingforamarathon,youwouldn'texpecttoturnup

andjustbeabletorunit.AndIthinkpeopleseethatforsmokingaswell.Theythink,t4Well,ifIgraduallyreduce,

it'slikepractice.“saysLindson-Hawley.Butthatwasn'tthecase.Insteadofgivingpeoplepractice,thegradual

reductionlikelygavethemcravings（癮）andwithdrawalsymptomsbeforetheyevenreachedquitday,whichcould

bewhyfewerpeopleinthatgroupactuallymadeittothatpoint."Regardlessofyourstatedpreference,ifyou're

readytoquit,quittingabruptlyismoreeffective.^^saysDr.GabrielaFerreira/4Whenyoucanquoteaspecific

numberlikeafifthofthepatientswereabletoquit,thafsconvincing.Itgivesthemtheencouragement,Ithink,to

reallygoforit."Ferreirasays.

Peoplerarelymanagetoquitthefirsttimetheytry.Butatleast,shesays,theycanmaximizetheoddsof

success.

9.Theideaof"amarathon^^（Para.5）illustratesthepopularbeliefthatquittingsmoking

A.isachallengeatthebeginningB.needssomepracticefirst

C.requiresalotofpatienceD.issomethingfewcanaccomplish

【答案】9.B

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了牛津大學(xué)的Lindson-Hawley現(xiàn)在研究的一項(xiàng)課題。通過(guò)研究700名

成年的吸煙者，她發(fā)現(xiàn)逐步戒煙有可能會(huì)更能使人上癮甚至出現(xiàn)脫癮癥狀。而突然戒煙更有效。

9.詞義猜測(cè)題。文章第五段第一句講到“Andthequitrateswereparticularlyconvincinggiventhatbeforethe

studystarted,mostofthepeoplehadsaidthey'drathercutdowngraduallybeforequitting（考慮至U在研究開(kāi)始之

前，大多數(shù)人都表示他們寧愿在戒煙前逐漸減少吸煙，戒煙率尤其令人信服）”以及amarathon后文“Well,ifI

graduallyreduce,it，slikepractice（好吧，如果我逐漸減少，就像練習(xí)一樣）''可知，"馬拉松''的想法說(shuō)明了戒煙

首先需要一些練習(xí)。故選B。

（2024?天津?一模）Wesometimesthinkthateverythingwasmuchbetterandeasierinthepast.It?soneofthe

tricksourmindsplayonus,especiallywhenweareinlowspirits.

Actually,ifsunlikelythatthingswereobjectivelybetterinthepast.Thisformofthinkingiscalledrosy

retrospection,whichisawell-studiedcognitivebias.Ithappensbecausewhenwethinkaboutthepast,wearemore

likelytofocusonpositivegeneralitiesthanannoyingdetails.

Ifyouthinkbacktoaholidaywithyourfamilyfiveyearsago,you5relikelytorecallthebeautifulviewsrather

thantheuncomfortablebed.Inotherwords,thenegativedetailsdisappearfromourmemoryovertimewhilethe

positiveonesremain.

Rosyretrospectioncaninfluencehowwemakedecisions,andit'soneofthereasonswhyweeasilyreturninto

problematicrelationships.Thelongeritissinceweexperiencedthenegativeinfluenceofarelationship,themore

likelywearetoletthegoodmemoriesoutweighthebadmemoriesandtoperhapsforgiveunforgivablebehavior.

Ifsalwaysagoodideatoreviewournostalgic（，懷I日的）feelingswithahealthydegreeofdoubt.

Butrosyretrospectiondoesserveanimportantpurpose.Itkeepsusinapositivestateofmindinthepresent

andisimportanttoourpsychologicalwellbeing.Infact,peoplewhotendtoremembernegativeexperiencesmore

thanpositiveonesarelikelytoexhibitpsychologicaldisorders.Researchgenerallysuggeststhatourhappiestdays

arestilltocome.Andevenifthey'renot,it'sstillimportanttobelievethattheyare.Don'tshyawayfromlooking

uponthepastwithacertaindegreeofnostalgia.But,forthesamereason,don'tusethepastasanexcusetobe

unhappyinthepresent.

12.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"rosyretrospection“inParagraph2mean?

A.Havingapreferenceforgoodmemories.B.Rememberingexactlyaboutthedetails.

C.Concentratingonimpossiblethings.D.Thinkingobjectivelyaboutthepast.

【答案】12.A

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了我們的大腦傾向于美化過(guò)去的經(jīng)歷，解釋了這一現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原

因以及影響。

12.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文“Ithappensbecausewhenwethinkaboutthepast,wearemorelikelytofocus

onpositivegeneralitiesthanannoyingdetails.（之所以會(huì)發(fā)生這種情況，是因?yàn)楫?dāng)我們回想過(guò)去時(shí),我們更傾向

于關(guān)注積極的概況,而不是惱人的細(xì)節(jié)）”可知,這種思維方式的出現(xiàn)是因?yàn)槲覀兓叵脒^(guò)去,更偏愛(ài)好的記憶。

故劃線詞意思是“偏愛(ài)好的記憶”。故選A。

（2024?天津河西?一模）Somepeopleworrythatthere9stoomuchtechnologyinourlives.Andtheymayhave

apoint,givenhowcountlesspeoplenowcarrytheinternetaroundintheirpocketanduseitasaprimaryformof

communication.Ifspracticallydifficulttoshuntechnologyinourworld.Therearecomputermicrochips（微芯片）

inourwatches,ourcars,lightswitches,evenourpets!Wherewillitend?

Well,ifcertainpeoplehavetheirway,if11goevenfurther.We'llhavemicrochipsimplantedintoourbrains

thatcaninteractwiththecomputersbythoughtalone.Itmaysoundlikesomethingfromthesciencefiction,butin

manyways,thingslookquitepromising.Thankstotheabilitytosendandreceiveinformationremotelyvia

computers,microchipsandotherrelateddeviceshavelongbeenputintobrains.

Forexample,electrodeshavebeenimplantedinthebrainsofepilepsypatientstobett